Sustainable Farmer Productivity: Insights from a Global Bibliometric Review

Sustainable Farmer Productivity: Insights from a Global Bibliometric Review | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Systematic Review Sustainable Farmer Productivity: Insights from a Global Bibliometric Review Budi Wahju Soesilo, Hamidah Nayati Utami, Mohammad Iqbal, Teuku Noerman This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7072254/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study provides a novel bibliometric perspective on Sustainable Farmer Productivity by systematically analyzing research trends and knowledge gaps in the field. Unlike previous studies that focus on specific agricultural practices, this research employs a systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis to uncover broader patterns, emerging themes, and underexplored areas. Data was collected from Scopus and Google Scholar using the keyword "sustainable farmer productivity". Utilizing VOSviewer, this study maps the intellectual structure of the field, identifies influential works, and highlights key determinants affecting farmer productivity, including economic benefits, fertilizer use, farm scale, agricultural strategies, and overall productivity. The findings reveal significant research gaps, particularly in technology adoption, climate resilience, and socio-economic sustainability, suggesting directions for future studies. This research advances the methodological approach to agricultural sustainability studies by integrating quantitative bibliometric techniques with qualitative insights, offering a comprehensive framework for policymakers and researchers. Systematic Literature Review Bibliometrics Sustainable Farmer Productivity Research Trends Agricultural Sustainability Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 INTRODUCTION Agriculture plays a central role in meeting global food needs. Agricultural productivity is the key to ensuring adequate food supplies as the world population continues to grow (Rosegrant et al., 2013). To achieve optimal levels of productivity, a comprehensive approach is required, involving modern technology, efficient resource management and a deep understanding of the factors that influence agricultural yields. Therefore, research related to agricultural productivity is a crucial step in overcoming global food security challenges. While productivity is the main focus, agricultural sustainability is an equally important aspect. Sustainable agriculture considers the effects of farming practices on the environment, society, and economy. This includes sustainable land management, wise use of natural resources, and attention to farmer welfare. Sustainable agricultural systems are aimed at minimizing environmental harm, sustaining agricultural productivity, enhancing farmers' earnings, and improving the stability and well-being of rural communities (Efendi, 2016). Therefore, it is necessary to identify and understand the link between agricultural productivity and sustainability through a systematic literature review (SLR). Investigation and synthesis of scientific literature through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method has demonstrated its effectiveness as a valuable approach in investigating the relationship between agricultural productivity and sustainability. SLR enables thorough analysis of previous research, allowing researchers to identify common patterns, key findings, and knowledge gaps that need to be filled. By detailing key concepts, methods, and results of previous research, SLR provides in-depth insights into how to increase agricultural productivity without harming ecological and social sustainability. Bibliometrics is statistical analysis of bibliographic data, for example keywords, citations, year of publication, author, and author's institution on one or several specific topics. Bibliometric analysis can identify research developments on certain subjects, including regarding KAS (Ellegaard & Wallin, 2015; Donthu et al., 2021). The application of technology in the process of searching for related variables using tools such as Bibliometrix and SLR proves much higher efficiency than manual searches. Technological advances enable researchers to quickly and effectively gather relevant information, building a more comprehensive understanding of key concepts, methods and current research results. Through the integration of Bibliometrix and Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this study utilizes data mining techniques to construct variable models that not only enhance understanding but also identify key barriers to sustainable agricultural productivity. Unlike conventional literature reviews that focus on specific case studies, this bibliometric approach enables a comprehensive and systematic analysis of research trends, influential works, and underexplored themes in the field (Donthu et al., 2021). This method offers a significant advantage by providing up-to-date insights and a structured mapping of existing knowledge (Zupic & Čater, 2015). Several previous studies have focused on individual determinants of sustainable farming, such as technology adoption (Aubert et al., 2012), climate resilience (Klerkx & Rose, 2020), and policy frameworks (Wigboldus et al., 2016). However, there is a lack of integrated studies that map these factors systematically using bibliometric approaches. Additionally, existing literature tends to focus on regional case studies (Singh et al., 2020), limiting generalizability to global agricultural sustainability challenges. This study addresses this gap by employing a quantitative bibliometric approach to provide a global perspective on research trends, offering a more comprehensive and replicable methodology for future research in sustainable agriculture (Van Eck & Waltman, 2017). By employing bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, this study systematically examines journal articles indexed in Scopus, uncovering key determinants of sustainable farmer productivity, including economic benefits, fertilizer use, farm scale, agricultural strategies, and overall productivity. More importantly, this research identifies scientific gaps, particularly in technology adoption, climate resilience, and socio-economic sustainability, which remain underexplored in existing literature (Giller et al., 2021). Unlike previous studies that primarily examined individual factors affecting sustainable farming, this study integrates a quantitative bibliometric approach to provide a global perspective on research trends. The findings contribute to the field by offering a replicable methodology for analyzing sustainability research and by proposing a comprehensive research model to guide future studies and policymaking in sustainable agriculture (Van Eck & Waltman, 2017). LITERATURE REVIEW Sustainable farmer productivity Productivity comes from the word productivity which comes from English, consisting of two words, namely "product" and "activity" which means an activity to produce something, either in the form of production or services. Productivity is a description of the farmer's work ethic in terms of mentality or the equipment used by farmers, so farmers must be directly involved in increasing productivity (Aryawati et al., 2021). Sustained farmer productivity refers to efforts to increase agricultural production in a sustainable manner, meaning not only in the short term but also that it can be maintained in the long term without damaging the environment and the land used. This concept involves a balance between economic, social and environmental aspects in agricultural activities Systematic Literature Review (SLR) SLR is a method that is widely applied in reviewing scientific literature. This method can reduce the occurrence of bias and subjective understanding of research (Kitchenham &; Charters, 2007). To find, examine, assess, and analyze all of the research that is currently accessible on the subject of an fascinating phenomenon, accompanied by research inquiries, the SLR approach is employed. The goal of this literature research is to establish a theoretical foundation that typically aids in addressing the research problem and to uncover various relevant theories related to the case. This method has demonstrated its effectiveness in identifying trends in research, methodology and research field coverage in previous research (Borrett et al, 2018). Bibliometrics Bibliometric analysis offers a precise and impartial method to evaluate the influence of an article on the development of knowledge. It is commonly used as a tool for examining patterns and performance within a specific research area (Yang et al., 2013). This approach is used to understand developments in the study of educational philosophy within the academic community, with the aim of identifying research and innovation gaps as a basis for future research. Bibliometric studies have been applied in various contexts, such as in interdisciplinary astrobiology research by the NASA Astrobiology Institute (Taşkın & Aydinoglu, 2015), bibliometric literature reviews in the concept of green manufacturing (Setyaningsih et al., 2018), bibliometric analysis in international big data research (Ye, 2018), and research on industry 4.0’s sustainable development (Sierra-Henao et al., 2020). The field of management and organization has also been researched using bibliometric methods (Zupic & Čater, 2015), while trends in osmosis research in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment have been analyzed bibliometrically (Ang et al., 2019). Although many studies have been conducted in various fields using bibliometric analysis, none has applied it in the context of educational philosophy. Therefore, the research potential in bibliometric analysis in educational philosophy is very interesting. VOSviewer VOSviewer is a software program developed for building and displaying bibliometric maps. Available for free to the bibliometric research community (see www.vosviewer.com), it is often utilized in scholarly study for bibliometric analysis, topic mapping to recent studies, identifying frequently cited references in specific fields, and more. The program enables the creation of maps or journals based on co-citation data, as well as keyword maps derived from co-occurrence data. VOSviewer provides a viewer that allows users to fully explore bibliometric maps. The software can display large bibliometric maps in a way that simplifies the interpretation of relationships. Additionally, VOSviewer is capable of reading datasets from a variety of online academic platforms, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Dimension, and PubMed. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis to examine research trends, key themes, and scientific gaps in Sustainable Farmer Productivity. The Scopus database was selected as the primary data source due to its extensive coverage of peer-reviewed academic literature. Additionally, Google Scholar was used to complement the data collection process. To analyze the bibliometric data, this study utilizes VOSviewer and Bibliometrix (RStudio) to visualize research trends, identify influential contributions, and map conceptual relationships within the field. Data Collection The researchers performed a search within the database of Scopus, which was chosen due to its status as the largest and most credible scientific database, offering a wide range of peer-reviewed publication of journals. The steps involved in this research, utilized both Scopus and RStudio, are outlined as follows: 1) Identify search terms. In this instance, the focus is on sustainable farmer productivity 2) The term "sustainable agricultural productivity" was used to conduct a search within Scopus, specifically querying the title, abstract, and keywords of the article utilizing the search string TITLE-ABS-KEY (Sustainability AND Farmer AND Production). 3) Organize data according by considering the Research Question. The inclusion criteria for this study were established to ensure the selection of high-quality and relevant literature. Only peer-reviewed journal articles indexed in Scopus and Google Scholar were considered, as these databases provide a reliable source of academic research. Additionally, the study focused on publications from 2019 to 2023 to ensure the analysis reflects recent developments in sustainable farmer productivity. To maintain relevance, only articles that specifically discuss sustainable farmer productivity were included. Furthermore, as this study is conducted in English, only papers written in English were selected for analysis. Conversely, the exclusion criteria were designed to filter out sources that do not meet the academic standards required for a systematic literature review. Non-peer-reviewed sources, such as blogs, conference abstracts, and book reviews, were excluded to ensure the reliability and credibility of the findings. Articles that did not directly relate to sustainable agricultural practices were also omitted. Lastly, to focus on recent research trends, publications before 2019 were excluded from the study. Research Questions Research Questions (RQ) below aimed for discovering developments in Sustainable Farmer Productivity research. RQ 1 : How may document keywords be analyzed in research on the issue of sustainable farmer productivity? RQ 2 : What are the most common words associated with sustainable farmer productivity? RQ 3 : What other terms are relevant in research on sustainable farmer productivity? RQ 4 : What are the most crucial words for researching sustainable farmer productivity topic? RQ 5 : How is the evolution assessed using research themes connected to sustainable farmer productivity? RQ 6 : How to interpret the thematic map that is generated depending the document's title related to the research theme of sustainable agricultural productivity? RQ 7 : What important factors arise from the research issue of sustainable farmer productivity? Data Analysis and Visualization The bibliometric analysis in this study was conducted using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, both of which are widely recognized tools for mapping research trends and identifying key contributions. The analytical process began with a keyword analysis, where the most frequently occurring keywords related to sustainable farmer productivity were identified. This step also involved mapping keyword relationships to uncover emerging research themes and trends. Next, a thematic evolution analysis was performed to examine how research themes have developed over time, with a particular focus on dominant trends from 2020 to 2024. Additionally, the study assessed authorship and institutional impact, identifying leading researchers and institutions contributing to sustainable farmer productivity research. Mapping research collaborations further highlighted key contributors in the field. A journal analysis was also conducted to determine the most relevant journals publishing research on sustainable farmer productivity. This provided valuable insights into potential publication venues for future studies. Lastly, a network visualization was carried out, generating bibliometric maps of citation networks, co-authorship relationships, and keyword clusters. This helped in providing a comprehensive overview of the most influential research works and their connections. By integrating Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis, this study offers a systematic and data-driven perspective on sustainable farmer productivity research. The findings provide valuable insights that can guide future research directions, inform policymaking, and support the development of sustainable agricultural practices. RESULTS The initial search using relevant keywords returned 3,976 documents from Scopus. The publication year was not restricted during the search process, as the goal was to provide an overview of research progress on the topic of sustainable farmer productivity. According to the search results, the most recent articles on this topic were published in 2023, as summarized in Table 1. Table 1 Research articles regarding sustainable farmer productivity Author Title Source Year of Publication Janez Benedičič, Karmen Erjavec, Marija Klopčič Environmental sustainability: farmers' views of housing systems for cattle Italian Journal of Animal Science 21:1 2023 Muhammad Umer Mehmood, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Yaseen Attitude and components of capacity building of rural youth for sustainable agriculture practices: case study of Punjab province Pakistan Rural Sociology 1678-4596 2023 Jaime Andr´es Cifuentes-Espinosa, Laur`ene Feintrenie, Claudia Monz´on-Alvarado, Birgit Schmook, M. Azahara Mesa-Jurado Oil palm growers' prospects for sustainable oil palm production. A case study from Campeche, Mexico Agricultural Systems 212 2023 Data Preparation The "bibliometrix" package in RStudio is used to analyze files stored with the.bib suffix. Predetermined Research Questions served as the basis for the data processing process. How to assess document keywords in research on Sustainable Farmer Productivity? Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of keywords over time in the form of a development curve, representing the average frequency of document keywords appearing in studies on sustainable farmer productivity each year. The primary keywords have been consistently present since 1982 and have shown an increasing trend up to 2023. Notably, research on sustainable farmer productivity has seen a significant rise, particularly in keywords such as Agriculture, Alternative Agriculture, Climate Change, Crop Production, Crop Yield, Crops, Cultivation, Productivity, Sustainability, and Sustainable Development, which have demonstrated the most substantial growth. What are the most common terms associated with Sustainable Farmer Productivity? The key terms in research related to sustainable farmer productivity are presented using a word cloud. The visualization represents common terms in the collection of studied articles, based on keywords from titles within the sustainable farmer productivity theme. This word cloud displays terms in various size according to each frequency, with more dominant terms appearing larger and positioned centrally, while placement remains generally random. The word cloud resulted was generated through an analysis of document titles. This results indicate that the highest frequently occurring terms associated with sustainable farmer productivity include Agriculture, Alternative Agriculture, Climate Change, Crop Production, Crop Yield, Crops, Cultivation, Productivity, Sustainability, and Sustainable Development. Most studies on sustainable farmer productivity are closely linked to sustainability, suggesting that sustainability is a crucial factor influencing sustainable farmer productivity in future research. What other terms are appropiate in Sustainable Farmer Productivity research? Several other keywords relevant to research on sustainable farmer productivity appear with frequencies ranging from 0 to 19 times. Figure 3 presents the 10 most significant terms utilized in the study. Among them, "Agriculture" being the most frequently occurring term, appearing 615 times. "Sustainable Development" ranks as the second most relevant term, with 608 occurrences. Meanwhile, "Productivity" is the third most relevant keyword, appearing a total of 458 times. What are the most useful terms for research on the theme of Sustainable Farmer Productivity? The abstract document presents relevant terms utilizing a map of the word tree, which visually represents words in box-like regions, where the frequency of a word determines the size of its corresponding box. As illustrated in Figure 4, the most prominent terms in research on sustainable farmer productivity include agriculture, sustainable development, productivity, sustainability, crop production, and crops. The majority of studies within the theme of farmer sustainability primarily focus on sustainability itself, as it serves as a key aspect for companies or organizations to ensure long-term viability. Data Visualization The data was visualized using the VOSviewer program. This section presents a bibliometric analysis aimed at visualizing the study results according the most common terms. VOSviewer also enables cluster analysis, highlighting the connections between topics, particularly in research on sustainable farmer productivity. The bibliometric analysis in this study is depicted through three distinct visualizations: overlay visualization, density visualization, and network visualization. The visualization of the terms network associated with the research topic of Farmers Sustainability indicates that larger circles represent keywords that appear more frequently. The higher the frequency, the more significant the keyword is considered in the context of the research. Figure 6 above reveals that the word "productivity" appears most frequently, as explained by the size of the circle around the word. The larger the circle, the higher the frequency of the term "productivity," highlighting it as a key keyword for the research topic. The database network visualization image above illustrates the visualization of keyword density in researchsustainable farmer productivity. This creates an opportunity for researchers to pinpoint key areas that could make significant contributions to farmers. Regarding the relevance of the research subject, we can see that for example the keywords "productivity" and "system" are most often studied in research. This kind of topic is quite a new trend for researchers. How is evolution examined in relation to studies on Sustainable Farmer Productivity? The themes addressed in the research papers need to evolve, particularly with respect to the latest publications. Figure 8 illustrates the development of research themes related to Sustainable Farmer Productivity. The rectangle size represents theme usage frequency, with larger rectangles indicating more frequent use. The analysis is split into two periods: themes that were prominent from 1982 to 2019 displayed on the left side, with three themes appearing in varying sizes based on their frequency of use. The soil theme ranks first, followed by the system, sustainable, agricultural, and food themes. On the other hand, the themes of productivity and sustainability gained prominence from 2020 to 2023. How to assess thematic maps according title of the documents and research theme Sustainable Farmer Productivity? This study also examines the thematic map according document titles related to the Sustainable Farmer Productivity research theme, categorized into four quadrants. The results were derived from semi-automated algorithm by analyzing titles of all references regarding to research topic. The top-left quadrant represents a well-developed theme. This highlights a specific topic that is less commonly studied but shows significant development, characterized by high density and low centrality. Topics in this quadrant involve animals, animal husbandry, and livestock. The lower left quadrant indicates a declining theme. This represents topics that have been explored for a long time but are currently showing a downward trend, with low centrality and density. Topics in this quadrant include crop yield, smallholders, and maize. The top-right quadrant identified as the driving or leading theme, marked by high centrality and density, making it an area that should be further developed and is crucial for future research. Topics in this quadrant involve productivity, crops, agriculture, and sustainable development. The lower-right quadrant indicates the foundational or cross-sectional themes, which have high centrality but low density. These themes are significant for research as they are commonly used topics. Themes in this quadrant include crop production, sustainability, and alternative agriculture. What determinant factors influence Sustainable Farmer Productivity? To find out what determinant factors influence sustainable farmer productivity, we screened previously existing journals so that we found journals that were truly related to sustainable farmer productivity. Figure 10 below shows the steps for screening journals. Table 2 Article List of Factors That Can InfluenceSustainable Farmer Productivity No. Author Title Year Results 1. Danapriatna et al. Effect of straw compost (Oryza sativa L.) on crop production 2023 Straw compost during intensive rice, panicle length, the number of grains per rice plant, and dry grain weight 2. Irianto et al A sustainable porang (amorphophallus muelleri blume) farming model to support export increase: empirical study in Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia 2023 Family resources, institutions, farm management inputs, sustainability of porang farming 3. Aung et al The impact of sustainable aquaculture technologies on the welfare of small-scale fish farming households in Myanmar 2023 Sustainable aquaculture, distance to the place of sale, household head's age, availability to information through private extension agents, location, understanding of the advantages of pond maintenance 4. Sulystyaningsih et al. Sustainability evaluation of seaweed aquabusiness management in support of sustainable development goal in Ekas Bay, East Lombok 2022 Spacing between, drying area, seed clumps, seedling binding p;ace, market status, warehouse, market scale, and target market 5. Viandari et al. Sustainable development strategies of rainfed paddy fields in Central Java, Indonesia: a review 2022 Water management practices, utilization of cultivation residues as organic matter input, enhancement of tillage management, usage of drought-resistant, short-lived, and high-yielding types 6. Widowati et al. The impact of aquaculture field school on the shrimp and milkfish yield and income of farmers in Demak, Central Java 2021 Aquaculture field school 7. Sukwika & Fransisca The policy model for sustainable community forests: a factor analysis 2021 The analysis of the mediation hypothesis indicated partial mediation from ECO and EGY to SCF, showing consistent and positive results. Among these, the ecological value was the largest and most significant. The findings suggest that ecological factors play a crucial role in shaping strategies and their importance. Hence, it is essential to preserve the value and productivity of the community forest's structure and composition. 8. Triyono et al. Sustainable value of rice farming based on economic efficiency in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2021 The research shows that, overall, the economic productivity of these rice farms is low. While the sustainable value distribution for the rice farms exceeded the maximum value, the sustained quality was poor. This suggests that, while the longevity is limited, there is still potential for sustainability. Hence, it is crucial to utilize economic, social, and environmental resources more efficiently in the management of rice farms. 9. Muhardi et al. Sustainability of cocoa production in Indonesia 2020 The findings indicated that sustainability of cocoa farming was influenced by moderately sustainable technological factors (55.95%), moderately sustainable support factors for farmers in cocoa farming (59.60%), moderately sustainable socioeconomic factors (54.43%), weak sustainability factors concerning the future of cocoa farming families (47.52%) and weak ecological sustainability factors (46.07%) 10. Elwin et al. Characterizing shrimp-farm production intensity in Thailand: Beyond technical indices 2020 Technical, social, economic and ecological combinations affect sustainability DISCUSSION Based on the bibliometric analysis, several key factors influencing Sustainable Farmer Productivity have been identified. These factors, derived from previous studies, provide a comprehensive understanding of the determinants that contribute to sustainable agricultural practices. Table 3 presents the key determinant factors along with supporting literature. Table 3 Determinant Factors in Influencing Sustainable Farmer Productivity No. Determinant Factors Previous Research 1. Economic benefits Elwin et al (2020), Aung et al ( 2023 ), Irianto et al (2023) 2. Use of fertilizer Sukwika & Fransisca (2021), Viandari et al ( 2022 ) 3. Farmer scale Sulystyaningsih et al. (2023) 4. Innovation Muhardi et al. (2020), Triyono et al. (2021), Danapriatna et al. ( 2023 ) 5. Agricultural Strategy Viandari et al. ( 2022 ), Widowati et al. ( 2021 ) 6. Sustainability of Intensification Triyono et al. (2021) The results of the bibliometric analysis indicate that economic benefits, fertilizer utilization, farm scale, innovation, agricultural strategies, and sustainability of intensification are the primary determinants influencing Sustainable Farmer Productivity. Among these factors, economic benefits play a crucial role, as financial incentives, market access, and profitability directly impact farmers' willingness to adopt sustainable practices (Elwin et al., 2020; Aung et al., 2023 ). Similarly, fertilizer utilization is essential for maintaining soil fertility and enhancing crop yields, but its excessive or improper use can lead to environmental degradation (Sukwika & Fransisca, 2021). The scale of farming operations also significantly influences productivity, as larger farms often have better access to resources, modern technologies, and economies of scale compared to smallholder farmers (Sulystyaningsih et al., 2023). Furthermore, innovation in farming and agricultural strategies emerge as key drivers in achieving long-term sustainability. The integration of modern farming techniques, precision agriculture, and digital tools has been shown to optimize resource efficiency and mitigate climate - related risks (Muhardi et al., 2020; Triyono et al., 2021). Strategic agricultural planning, including crop diversification, sustainable land management, and government support policies, further enhances farmers' resilience to economic and environmental challenges (Viandari et al., 2022 ; Widowati et al., 2021 ). Finally, the sustainability of intensification highlights the need to balance productivity with environmental stewardship, ensuring that increased output does not come at the expense of long-term ecosystem health (Triyono et al., 2021). These insights emphasize the necessity for holistic policy interventions, farmer education, and sustainable technology adoption to drive global agricultural productivity while maintaining environmental and social sustainability. CONCLUSION Based on the analysis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, several key findings were obtained. This study highlights the crucial role of bibliometric analysis in systematic literature reviews, particularly in integrating data from Scopus to examine research trends in Sustainable Farmer Productivity. The bibliometric approach enabled the identification of key themes and influential studies, providing a structured overview of the academic landscape in this field. The thematic evolution analysis revealed that productivity and sustainability have been the dominant research themes from 2020 to 2024, indicating a growing emphasis on balancing agricultural output with environmental responsibility. By leveraging the "bibliometrix" library in RStudio and VOSviewer software, this study effectively visualized quantitative data, uncovering critical factors that influence Sustainable Farmer Productivity. These determinants include economic benefits, fertilizer utilization, farm scale, farmer productivity, agricultural strategies, and the sustainability of intensification. The findings underscore the importance of holistic and data-driven approaches to improving agricultural sustainability, offering valuable insights for future research and policy development in global food production. Declarations Data Availability Statement The bibliometric data used in this study were obtained from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases using the keyword “sustainable farmer productivity.” The search strings, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and raw metadata are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Funding No funding was received Clinical Trial Number Not applicable Consent to Publish declaration Not applicable Consent to Participate declaration Not applicable Ethics declaration Not applicable Author Contribution B.W.S. conceptualized the research design, conducted the bibliometric analysis, and wrote the initial draft. H.N.U. and M.I. contributed to the development of the systematic literature review framework and provided critical revisions to the manuscript. T.N. assisted with data interpretation, visualization using VOSviewer, and refinement of the discussion section. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. 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Evolution\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture8.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7072254/v1/c074ba8ddb14a0015956cf11.jpg"},{"id":88101577,"identity":"033b9627-c7a2-4500-b725-e5df0335fae1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-01 11:31:31","extension":"jpg","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":20193,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThematic Map\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture9.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7072254/v1/25d8ca3bec9f07c660554af5.jpg"},{"id":88102792,"identity":"a47caaaf-f9ce-4c1f-ad9a-0cf32ec63d23","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-01 11:47:31","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":20048,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eScreening Journal Steps\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7072254/v1/4fafdf9ec4633113b66c5eda.png"},{"id":88964515,"identity":"57c093bc-6af7-4267-99dc-c1895bd59ccb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-13 08:40:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":865916,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7072254/v1/d16e1371-b274-4c83-a32e-c71077ffc43e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Sustainable Farmer Productivity: Insights from a Global Bibliometric Review","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eAgriculture plays a central role in meeting global food needs. Agricultural productivity is the key to ensuring adequate food supplies as the world population continues to grow (Rosegrant et al., 2013). To achieve optimal levels of productivity, a comprehensive approach is required, involving modern technology, efficient resource management and a deep understanding of the factors that influence agricultural yields. Therefore, research related to agricultural productivity is a crucial step in overcoming global food security challenges. While productivity is the main focus, agricultural sustainability is an equally important aspect. Sustainable agriculture considers the effects of farming practices on the environment, society, and economy. This includes sustainable land management, wise use of natural resources, and attention to farmer welfare. Sustainable agricultural systems are aimed at minimizing environmental harm, sustaining agricultural productivity, enhancing farmers' earnings, and improving the stability and well-being of rural communities (Efendi, 2016). Therefore, it is necessary to identify and understand the link between agricultural productivity and sustainability through a systematic literature review (SLR).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInvestigation and synthesis of scientific literature through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method has demonstrated its effectiveness as a valuable approach in investigating the relationship between agricultural productivity and sustainability. SLR enables thorough analysis of previous research, allowing researchers to identify common patterns, key findings, and knowledge gaps that need to be filled. By detailing key concepts, methods, and results of previous research, SLR provides in-depth insights into how to increase agricultural productivity without harming ecological and social sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBibliometrics is statistical analysis of bibliographic data, for example keywords, citations, year of publication, author, and author's institution on one or several specific topics. Bibliometric analysis can identify research developments on certain subjects, including regarding KAS (Ellegaard \u0026amp; Wallin, 2015; Donthu et al., 2021). The application of technology in the process of searching for related variables using tools such as Bibliometrix and SLR proves much higher efficiency than manual searches. Technological advances enable researchers to quickly and effectively gather relevant information, building a more comprehensive understanding of key concepts, methods and current research results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThrough the integration of Bibliometrix and Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this study utilizes data mining techniques to construct variable models that not only enhance understanding but also identify key barriers to sustainable agricultural productivity. Unlike conventional literature reviews that focus on specific case studies, this bibliometric approach enables a comprehensive and systematic analysis of research trends, influential works, and underexplored themes in the field (Donthu et al., 2021). This method offers a significant advantage by providing up-to-date insights and a structured mapping of existing knowledge (Zupic \u0026amp; Čater, 2015).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral previous studies have focused on individual determinants of sustainable farming, such as technology adoption (Aubert et al., 2012), climate resilience (Klerkx \u0026amp; Rose, 2020), and policy frameworks (Wigboldus et al., 2016). However, there is a lack of integrated studies that map these factors systematically using bibliometric approaches. Additionally, existing literature tends to focus on regional case studies (Singh et al., 2020), limiting generalizability to global agricultural sustainability challenges. This study addresses this gap by employing a quantitative bibliometric approach to provide a global perspective on research trends, offering a more comprehensive and replicable methodology for future research in sustainable agriculture (Van Eck \u0026amp; Waltman, 2017).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy employing bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, this study systematically examines journal articles indexed in Scopus, uncovering key determinants of sustainable farmer productivity, including economic benefits, fertilizer use, farm scale, agricultural strategies, and overall productivity. More importantly, this research identifies scientific gaps, particularly in technology adoption, climate resilience, and socio-economic sustainability, which remain underexplored in existing literature (Giller et al., 2021).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike previous studies that primarily examined individual factors affecting sustainable farming, this study integrates a quantitative bibliometric approach to provide a global perspective on research trends. The findings contribute to the field by offering a replicable methodology for analyzing sustainability research and by proposing a comprehensive research model to guide future studies and policymaking in sustainable agriculture (Van Eck \u0026amp; Waltman, 2017).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"LITERATURE REVIEW","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSustainable farmer productivity\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProductivity comes from the word productivity which comes from English, consisting of two words, namely \"product\" and \"activity\" which means an activity to produce something, either in the form of production or services. Productivity is a description of the farmer's work ethic in terms of mentality or the equipment used by farmers, so farmers must be directly involved in increasing productivity (Aryawati et al., 2021). Sustained farmer productivity refers to efforts to increase agricultural production in a sustainable manner, meaning not only in the short term but also that it can be maintained in the long term without damaging the environment and the land used. This concept involves a balance between economic, social and environmental aspects in agricultural activities\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSystematic Literature Review (SLR)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSLR is a method that is widely applied in reviewing scientific literature. This method can reduce the occurrence of bias and subjective understanding of research (Kitchenham \u0026amp;; Charters, 2007). To find, examine, assess, and analyze all of the research that is currently accessible on the subject of an fascinating phenomenon, accompanied by research inquiries, the SLR approach is employed. The goal of this literature research is to establish a theoretical foundation that typically aids in addressing the research problem and to uncover various relevant theories related to the case. This method has demonstrated its effectiveness in identifying trends in research, methodology and research field coverage in previous research (Borrett et al, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBibliometrics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBibliometric analysis offers a precise and impartial method to evaluate the influence of an article on the development of knowledge. It is commonly used as a tool for examining patterns and performance within a specific research area (Yang et al., 2013). This approach is used to understand developments in the study of educational philosophy within the academic community, with the aim of identifying research and innovation gaps as a basis for future research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBibliometric studies have been applied in various contexts, such as in interdisciplinary astrobiology research by the NASA Astrobiology Institute (Taşkın \u0026amp; Aydinoglu, 2015), bibliometric literature reviews in the concept of green manufacturing (Setyaningsih et al., 2018), bibliometric analysis in international big data research (Ye, 2018), and research on industry 4.0’s sustainable development (Sierra-Henao et al., 2020). The field of management and organization has also been researched using bibliometric methods (Zupic \u0026amp; Čater, 2015), while trends in osmosis research in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment have been analyzed bibliometrically (Ang et al., 2019). Although many studies have been conducted in various fields using bibliometric analysis, none has applied it in the context of educational philosophy. Therefore, the research potential in bibliometric analysis in educational philosophy is very interesting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVOSviewer\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVOSviewer is a software program developed for building and displaying bibliometric maps. Available for free to the bibliometric research community (see www.vosviewer.com), it is often utilized in scholarly study for bibliometric analysis, topic mapping to recent studies, identifying frequently cited references in specific fields, and more. The program enables the creation of maps or journals based on co-citation data, as well as keyword maps derived from co-occurrence data. VOSviewer provides a viewer that allows users to fully explore bibliometric maps. The software can display large bibliometric maps in a way that simplifies the interpretation of relationships. Additionally, VOSviewer is capable of reading datasets from a variety of online academic platforms, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Dimension, and PubMed.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESEARCH METHODOLOGY","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis to examine research trends, key themes, and scientific gaps in Sustainable Farmer Productivity. The Scopus database was selected as the primary data source due to its extensive coverage of peer-reviewed academic literature. Additionally, Google Scholar was used to complement the data collection process. To analyze the bibliometric data, this study utilizes VOSviewer and Bibliometrix (RStudio) to visualize research trends, identify influential contributions, and map conceptual relationships within the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Collection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe researchers performed a search within the database of Scopus, which was chosen due to its status as the largest and most credible scientific database, offering a wide range of peer-reviewed publication of journals. The steps involved in this research, utilized both Scopus and RStudio, are outlined as follows: 1) Identify search terms. In this instance, the focus is on sustainable farmer productivity 2) The term \"sustainable agricultural productivity\" was used to conduct a search within Scopus, specifically querying the title, abstract, and keywords of the article utilizing the search string TITLE-ABS-KEY (Sustainability AND Farmer AND Production). 3) Organize data according by considering the Research Question.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe inclusion criteria for this study were established to ensure the selection of high-quality and relevant literature. Only peer-reviewed journal articles indexed in Scopus and Google Scholar were considered, as these databases provide a reliable source of academic research. Additionally, the study focused on publications from 2019 to 2023 to ensure the analysis reflects recent developments in sustainable farmer productivity. To maintain relevance, only articles that specifically discuss sustainable farmer productivity were included. Furthermore, as this study is conducted in English, only papers written in English were selected for analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, the exclusion criteria were designed to filter out sources that do not meet the academic standards required for a systematic literature review. Non-peer-reviewed sources, such as blogs, conference abstracts, and book reviews, were excluded to ensure the reliability and credibility of the findings. Articles that did not directly relate to sustainable agricultural practices were also omitted. Lastly, to focus on recent research trends, publications before 2019 were excluded from the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Questions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch Questions (RQ) below aimed for discovering developments in Sustainable Farmer Productivity research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"621\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRQ 1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHow may document keywords be analyzed in research on the issue of sustainable farmer productivity?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRQ 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhat are the most common words associated with sustainable farmer productivity?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRQ 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhat other terms are relevant in research on sustainable farmer productivity?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRQ 4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhat are the most crucial words for researching sustainable farmer productivity topic?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRQ 5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHow is the evolution assessed using research themes connected to sustainable farmer productivity?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRQ 6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHow to interpret the thematic map that is generated depending the document's title related to the research theme of sustainable agricultural productivity?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRQ 7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhat important factors arise from the research issue of sustainable farmer productivity?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Analysis and Visualization\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bibliometric analysis in this study was conducted using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, both of which are widely recognized tools for mapping research trends and identifying key contributions. The analytical process began with a keyword analysis, where the most frequently occurring keywords related to sustainable farmer productivity were identified. This step also involved mapping keyword relationships to uncover emerging research themes and trends.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNext, a thematic evolution analysis was performed to examine how research themes have developed over time, with a particular focus on dominant trends from 2020 to 2024. Additionally, the study assessed authorship and institutional impact, identifying leading researchers and institutions contributing to sustainable farmer productivity research. Mapping research collaborations further highlighted key contributors in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA journal analysis was also conducted to determine the most relevant journals publishing research on sustainable farmer productivity. This provided valuable insights into potential publication venues for future studies. Lastly, a network visualization was carried out, generating bibliometric maps of citation networks, co-authorship relationships, and keyword clusters. This helped in providing a comprehensive overview of the most influential research works and their connections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy integrating Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis, this study offers a systematic and data-driven perspective on sustainable farmer productivity research. The findings provide valuable insights that can guide future research directions, inform policymaking, and support the development of sustainable agricultural practices.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe initial search using relevant keywords returned 3,976 documents from Scopus. The publication year was not restricted during the search process, as the goal was to provide an overview of research progress on the topic of sustainable farmer productivity. According to the search results, the most recent articles on this topic were published in 2023, as summarized in Table 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1 \u003cem\u003eResearch articles regarding sustainable farmer productivity\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTitle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear of Publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJanez Benedičič, Karmen Erjavec, Marija Klopčič\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental sustainability: farmers\u0026apos; views of\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehousing systems for cattle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItalian Journal of Animal Science 21:1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuhammad Umer Mehmood, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Yaseen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAttitude and components of capacity building of rural youth for sustainable agriculture\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epractices: case study of Punjab province Pakistan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRural Sociology 1678-4596\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJaime Andr\u0026acute;es Cifuentes-Espinosa, Laur`ene Feintrenie, Claudia Monz\u0026acute;on-Alvarado,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBirgit Schmook, M. Azahara Mesa-Jurado\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOil palm growers\u0026apos; prospects for sustainable oil palm production. A case\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003estudy from Campeche, Mexico\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgricultural Systems 212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Preparation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u0026quot;bibliometrix\u0026quot; package in RStudio is used to analyze files stored with the.bib suffix. Predetermined Research Questions served as the basis for the data processing process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHow to assess document keywords in research on Sustainable Farmer Productivity?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure 1 illustrates the distribution of keywords over time in the form of a development curve, representing the average frequency of document keywords appearing in studies on sustainable farmer productivity each year. The primary keywords have been consistently present since 1982 and have shown an increasing trend up to 2023. Notably, research on sustainable farmer productivity has seen a significant rise, particularly in keywords such as Agriculture, Alternative Agriculture, Climate Change, Crop Production, Crop Yield, Crops, Cultivation, Productivity, Sustainability, and Sustainable Development, which have demonstrated the most substantial growth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWhat are the most common terms associated with Sustainable Farmer Productivity?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe key terms in research related to sustainable farmer productivity are presented using a word cloud. The visualization represents common terms in the collection of studied articles, based on keywords from titles within the sustainable farmer productivity theme. This word cloud displays terms in various size according to each frequency, with more dominant terms appearing larger and positioned centrally, while placement remains generally random. The word cloud resulted was generated through an analysis of document titles. This results indicate that the highest frequently occurring terms associated with sustainable farmer productivity include Agriculture, Alternative Agriculture, Climate Change, Crop Production, Crop Yield, Crops, Cultivation, Productivity, Sustainability, and Sustainable Development. Most studies on sustainable farmer productivity are closely linked to sustainability, suggesting that sustainability is a crucial factor influencing sustainable farmer productivity in future research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWhat other terms are appropiate in Sustainable Farmer Productivity research?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral other keywords relevant to research on sustainable farmer productivity appear with frequencies ranging from 0 to 19 times. Figure 3 presents the 10 most significant terms utilized in the study. Among them, \u0026quot;Agriculture\u0026quot; being the most frequently occurring term, appearing 615 times. \u0026quot;Sustainable Development\u0026quot; ranks as the second most relevant term, with 608 occurrences. Meanwhile, \u0026quot;Productivity\u0026quot; is the third most relevant keyword, appearing a total of 458 times.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWhat are the most useful terms for research on the theme of Sustainable Farmer Productivity?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe abstract document presents relevant terms utilizing a map of the word tree, which visually represents words in box-like regions, where the frequency of a word determines the size of its corresponding box. As illustrated in Figure 4, the most prominent terms in research on sustainable farmer productivity include agriculture, sustainable development, productivity, sustainability, crop production, and crops. The majority of studies within the theme of farmer sustainability primarily focus on sustainability itself, as it serves as a key aspect for companies or organizations to ensure long-term viability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Visualization\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data was visualized using the VOSviewer program. This section presents a bibliometric analysis aimed at visualizing the study results according the most common terms. VOSviewer also enables cluster analysis, highlighting the connections between topics, particularly in research on sustainable farmer productivity. The bibliometric analysis in this study is depicted through three distinct visualizations: overlay visualization, density visualization, and network visualization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe visualization of the terms network associated with the research topic of Farmers Sustainability indicates that larger circles represent keywords that appear more frequently. The higher the frequency, the more significant the keyword is considered in the context of the research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure 6 above reveals that the word \u0026quot;productivity\u0026quot; appears most frequently, as explained by the size of the circle around the word. The larger the circle, the higher the frequency of the term \u0026quot;productivity,\u0026quot; highlighting it as a key keyword for the research topic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe database network visualization image above illustrates the visualization of keyword density in researchsustainable farmer productivity. This creates an opportunity for researchers to pinpoint key areas that could make significant contributions to farmers. Regarding the relevance of the research subject, we can see that for example the keywords \u0026quot;productivity\u0026quot; and \u0026quot;system\u0026quot; are most often studied in research. This kind of topic is quite a new trend for researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHow is evolution examined in relation to studies on Sustainable Farmer Productivity?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe themes addressed in the research papers need to evolve, particularly with respect to the latest publications. Figure 8 illustrates the development of research themes related to Sustainable Farmer Productivity. The rectangle size represents theme usage frequency, with larger rectangles indicating more frequent use. The analysis is split into two periods: themes that were prominent from 1982 to 2019 displayed on the left side, with three themes appearing in varying sizes based on their frequency of use. The soil theme ranks first, followed by the system, sustainable, agricultural, and food themes. On the other hand, the themes of productivity and sustainability gained prominence from 2020 to 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHow to assess thematic maps according title of the documents and research theme Sustainable Farmer Productivity?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study also examines the thematic map according document titles related to the Sustainable Farmer Productivity research theme, categorized into four quadrants. The results were derived from semi-automated algorithm by analyzing titles of all references regarding to research topic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe top-left quadrant represents a well-developed theme. This highlights a specific topic that is less commonly studied but shows significant development, characterized by high density and low centrality. Topics in this quadrant involve animals, animal husbandry, and livestock.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe lower left quadrant indicates a declining theme. This represents topics that have been explored for a long time but are currently showing a downward trend, with low centrality and density. Topics in this quadrant include crop yield, smallholders, and maize.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe top-right quadrant identified as the driving or leading theme, marked by high centrality and density, making it an area that should be further developed and is crucial for future research. Topics in this quadrant involve productivity, crops, agriculture, and sustainable development.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe lower-right quadrant indicates the foundational or cross-sectional themes, which have high centrality but low density. These themes are significant for research as they are commonly used topics. Themes in this quadrant include crop production, sustainability, and alternative agriculture.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWhat determinant factors influence Sustainable Farmer Productivity?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo find out what determinant factors influence sustainable farmer productivity, we screened previously existing journals so that we found journals that were truly related to sustainable farmer productivity. Figure 10 below shows the steps for screening journals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2 \u003cem\u003eArticle List of Factors That Can InfluenceSustainable Farmer Productivity\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTitle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDanapriatna et al.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEffect of straw compost (Oryza sativa L.) on crop production\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStraw compost during intensive rice, panicle length, the number of grains per rice plant, and dry grain weight\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIrianto et al\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA sustainable porang (amorphophallus muelleri blume) farming model to support export increase: empirical study in Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFamily resources, institutions, farm management inputs, sustainability of porang farming\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAung et al\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe impact of sustainable aquaculture technologies on the welfare of small-scale fish farming households in Myanmar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSustainable aquaculture, distance to the place of sale, household head\u0026apos;s age, availability to information through private extension agents, location, understanding of the advantages of pond maintenance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSulystyaningsih\u0026nbsp;et al.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSustainability evaluation of seaweed aquabusiness management in support of sustainable development goal in Ekas Bay, East Lombok\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpacing between, drying area, seed clumps, seedling binding p;ace, market status, warehouse, market scale, and target market\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eViandari\u0026nbsp;et al.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSustainable development strategies of rainfed paddy fields in Central Java, Indonesia: a review\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWater management practices, utilization of cultivation residues as organic matter input, enhancement of tillage management, usage of drought-resistant, short-lived, and high-yielding types\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWidowati\u0026nbsp;et al.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe impact of aquaculture field school on the shrimp and milkfish yield and income of farmers in Demak, Central Java\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAquaculture field school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSukwika \u0026amp; Fransisca\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe policy model for sustainable community forests: a factor analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe analysis of the mediation hypothesis indicated partial mediation from ECO and EGY to SCF, showing consistent and positive results. Among these, the ecological value was the largest and most significant. The findings suggest that ecological factors play a crucial role in shaping strategies and their importance. Hence, it is essential to preserve the value and productivity of the community forest\u0026apos;s structure and composition.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTriyono et al.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSustainable value of rice farming based on economic efficiency in Yogyakarta, Indonesia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe research shows that, overall, the economic productivity of these rice farms is low. While the sustainable value distribution for the rice farms exceeded the maximum value, the sustained quality was poor. This suggests that, while the longevity is limited, there is still potential for sustainability. Hence, it is crucial to utilize economic, social, and environmental resources more efficiently in the management of rice farms.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuhardi et al.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSustainability of cocoa production in Indonesia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe findings indicated that sustainability of cocoa farming was influenced by moderately sustainable technological factors (55.95%), moderately sustainable support factors for farmers in cocoa farming (59.60%), moderately sustainable socioeconomic factors (54.43%), weak sustainability factors concerning the future of cocoa farming families (47.52%) and weak ecological sustainability factors (46.07%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eElwin et al.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCharacterizing shrimp-farm production intensity in Thailand: Beyond technical indices\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTechnical, social, economic and ecological combinations affect sustainability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eBased on the bibliometric analysis, several key factors influencing Sustainable Farmer Productivity have been identified. These factors, derived from previous studies, provide a comprehensive understanding of the determinants that contribute to sustainable agricultural practices. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e presents the key determinant factors along with supporting literature.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDeterminant Factors in Influencing Sustainable Farmer Productivity\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeterminant Factors\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrevious Research\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEconomic benefits\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eElwin et al (2020), Aung et al (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e), Irianto et al (2023)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUse of fertilizer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSukwika \u0026amp; Fransisca (2021), Viandari et al (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFarmer scale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSulystyaningsih et al. (2023)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInnovation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMuhardi et al. (2020), Triyono et al. (2021), Danapriatna et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAgricultural Strategy\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eViandari et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), Widowati et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSustainability of Intensification\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTriyono et al. (2021)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results of the bibliometric analysis indicate that economic benefits, fertilizer utilization, farm scale, innovation, agricultural strategies, and sustainability of intensification are the primary determinants influencing Sustainable Farmer Productivity. Among these factors, economic benefits play a crucial role, as financial incentives, market access, and profitability directly impact farmers' willingness to adopt sustainable practices (Elwin et al., 2020; Aung et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, fertilizer utilization is essential for maintaining soil fertility and enhancing crop yields, but its excessive or improper use can lead to environmental degradation (Sukwika \u0026amp; Fransisca, 2021). The scale of farming operations also significantly influences productivity, as larger farms often have better access to resources, modern technologies, and economies of scale compared to smallholder farmers (Sulystyaningsih et al., 2023).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, innovation in farming and agricultural strategies emerge as key drivers in achieving long-term sustainability. The integration of modern farming techniques, precision agriculture, and digital tools has been shown to optimize resource efficiency and mitigate climate\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003erelated risks (Muhardi et al., 2020; Triyono et al., 2021). Strategic agricultural planning, including crop diversification, sustainable land management, and government support policies, further enhances farmers' resilience to economic and environmental challenges (Viandari et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Widowati et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Finally, the sustainability of intensification highlights the need to balance productivity with environmental stewardship, ensuring that increased output does not come at the expense of long-term ecosystem health (Triyono et al., 2021). These insights emphasize the necessity for holistic policy interventions, farmer education, and sustainable technology adoption to drive global agricultural productivity while maintaining environmental and social sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eBased on the analysis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, several key findings were obtained. This study highlights the crucial role of bibliometric analysis in systematic literature reviews, particularly in integrating data from Scopus to examine research trends in Sustainable Farmer Productivity. The bibliometric approach enabled the identification of key themes and influential studies, providing a structured overview of the academic landscape in this field.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe thematic evolution analysis revealed that productivity and sustainability have been the dominant research themes from 2020 to 2024, indicating a growing emphasis on balancing agricultural output with environmental responsibility. By leveraging the \"bibliometrix\" library in RStudio and VOSviewer software, this study effectively visualized quantitative data, uncovering critical factors that influence Sustainable Farmer Productivity. These determinants include economic benefits, fertilizer utilization, farm scale, farmer productivity, agricultural strategies, and the sustainability of intensification. The findings underscore the importance of holistic and data-driven approaches to improving agricultural sustainability, offering valuable insights for future research and policy development in global food production.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability Statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bibliometric data used in this study were obtained from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases using the keyword “sustainable farmer productivity.” The search strings, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and raw metadata are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding was received\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical Trial Number\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Publish declaration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Participate declaration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics declaration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eB.W.S. conceptualized the research design, conducted the bibliometric analysis, and wrote the initial draft. H.N.U. and M.I. contributed to the development of the systematic literature review framework and provided critical revisions to the manuscript. T.N. assisted with data interpretation, visualization using VOSviewer, and refinement of the discussion section. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAubert BA, Schroeder A, Grimaudo J. IT as an enabler of sustainable farming: An empirical analysis of farmers' adoption decision of precision agriculture technology. 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Organizational Res Methods. 2015;18(3):429\u0026ndash;72. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114562629\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1177/1094428114562629\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Systematic Literature Review, Bibliometrics, Sustainable Farmer Productivity, Research Trends, Agricultural Sustainability","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7072254/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7072254/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study provides a novel bibliometric perspective on Sustainable Farmer Productivity by systematically analyzing research trends and knowledge gaps in the field. Unlike previous studies that focus on specific agricultural practices, this research employs a systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis to uncover broader patterns, emerging themes, and underexplored areas. Data was collected from Scopus and Google Scholar using the keyword \"sustainable farmer productivity\". Utilizing VOSviewer, this study maps the intellectual structure of the field, identifies influential works, and highlights key determinants affecting farmer productivity, including economic benefits, fertilizer use, farm scale, agricultural strategies, and overall productivity. The findings reveal significant research gaps, particularly in technology adoption, climate resilience, and socio-economic sustainability, suggesting directions for future studies. This research advances the methodological approach to agricultural sustainability studies by integrating quantitative bibliometric techniques with qualitative insights, offering a comprehensive framework for policymakers and researchers.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Sustainable Farmer Productivity: Insights from a Global Bibliometric Review","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-01 11:31:26","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7072254/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9c18cf5f-5049-4fe4-8037-ee1b878682bd","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 1st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-13T08:40:09+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-01 11:31:26","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7072254","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7072254","identity":"rs-7072254","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}