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This systematic review investigated interventions aimed at preventing or reducing look-alike sound-alike (LASA) medication errors in healthcare institutions, comparing alternatives to Tall Man Lettering (TML). The authors searched CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies published between January and April 2025, used Covidence for review management, and registered a PROSPERO protocol (CRD42025642094); 15 eligible studies were included and interventions were grouped into categories including text enhancement (including TML), regulatory pre-approval detection by agencies, machine learning–based clinical decision support, prevention by drug indication, and an algorithmic approach to improve auditory perception of drug names. The review found that TML had varying effectiveness across outcome indicators and that direct comparisons with non–text enhancement interventions were not possible; therefore, TML could not be declared more effective overall due to differences in measurable outcomes across comparable comparisons. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.
Abstract
Globally, Look-Alike Sound-Alike (LASA) medication errors have been reported to cause patient harm and death. There are different interventions to prevent or reduce these errors. Most notable is the Tall Man Lettering (TML), which has received enormous attention, while the other interventions are less well-known. Therefore, this systematic review sought to compare the effectiveness of other alternative interventions with the TML. Four (4) databases including, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE via Ovid, PsycINFO via Ovid, and Scopus, were searched for studies that focused on interventions on LASA medications. Searches were done between January and April 2025. Covidence was employed for managing the review. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO, with an ID CRD42025642094. Fifteen (15) studies were identified as eligible for review. All interventions were categorized into text enhancement (including TML), pre-approval detection of confusable drug names by regulatory bodies, a machine learning based clinical decision support system, prevention by drug indication, and an algorithmic approach for improving auditory perception of drug names. The TML shows varying effectiveness, ranging from less to more effective, based on outcome indicators measured compared to other text enhancement interventions. Comparison could not be made with other interventions that are not text enhancement. The TML cannot be outrightly declared as being more effective because of the varying effectiveness range during comparable comparisons. It is recommended that a combination of interventions will be more effective in drastically preventing and/or reducing LASA medication errors.
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INTERVENTION ON LOOK-ALIKE SOUND-ALIKE MEDICATION ERRORS FOR PATIENT SAFETY IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 1 September 2025 V1 Latest version Share on INTERVENTION ON LOOK-ALIKE SOUND-ALIKE MEDICATION ERRORS FOR PATIENT SAFETY IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Authors : Oyebode Oluwaseyi Dosunmu 0000-0003-3495-7049 [email protected] and Rasaq Adisa Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175674618.88225511/v1 250 views 81 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Globally, Look-Alike Sound-Alike (LASA) medication errors have been reported to cause patient harm and death. There are different interventions to prevent or reduce these errors. Most notable is the Tall Man Lettering (TML), which has received enormous attention, while the other interventions are less well-known. Therefore, this systematic review sought to compare the effectiveness of other alternative interventions with the TML. Four (4) databases including, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE via Ovid, PsycINFO via Ovid, and Scopus, were searched for studies that focused on interventions on LASA medications. Searches were done between January and April 2025. Covidence was employed for managing the review. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO, with an ID CRD42025642094. Fifteen (15) studies were identified as eligible for review. All interventions were categorized into text enhancement (including TML), pre-approval detection of confusable drug names by regulatory bodies, a machine learning based clinical decision support system, prevention by drug indication, and an algorithmic approach for improving auditory perception of drug names. The TML shows varying effectiveness, ranging from less to more effective, based on outcome indicators measured compared to other text enhancement interventions. Comparison could not be made with other interventions that are not text enhancement. The TML cannot be outrightly declared as being more effective because of the varying effectiveness range during comparable comparisons. It is recommended that a combination of interventions will be more effective in drastically preventing and/or reducing LASA medication errors. Supplementary Material File (manuscript - -.docx) Download 486.25 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 01 September 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Authors Affiliations Oyebode Oluwaseyi Dosunmu 0000-0003-3495-7049 [email protected] The University of Edinburgh Deanery of Clinical Sciences View all articles by this author Rasaq Adisa University of Ibadan Faculty of Pharmacy View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 250 views 81 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Oyebode Oluwaseyi Dosunmu, Rasaq Adisa. INTERVENTION ON LOOK-ALIKE SOUND-ALIKE MEDICATION ERRORS FOR PATIENT SAFETY IN HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Authorea . 01 September 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175674618.88225511/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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