Internet, entrepreneurship and high-quality economic development

Internet, entrepreneurship and high-quality economic development | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Internet, entrepreneurship and high-quality economic development Jingbo Cao, Chenyu Kang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3821392/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The Internet, as an important infrastructure for the development of digital economy, is crucial in the process of economic high-quality development. The annual panel data of 284 cities above prefecture level in China from 2009 to 2020 are selected as the research object, and the principal component analysis method is used to measure the indicators of high-quality development of the economy; at the same time, fixed effect, mediation effect, threshold effect and spatial Durbin model are established, and entrepreneurship is included in the research system to explore the Internet, entrepreneurship and high-quality development of the economy The relationship between the Internet, entrepreneurship and economic high-quality development. The results of the study show that: (1) overall, the Internet promotes high-quality economic development; (2) the Internet will promote high-quality economic development by inspiring entrepreneurship, and when entrepreneurship is active to a certain extent, the positive impact of the Internet on high-quality economic development will be more obvious; (3) the level of high-quality development of neighboring economies promotes each other, and the Internet of the surrounding cities has a favorable impact on the high-quality development of the city's economy. favorable impact, this city Internet will, also promote the surrounding economic high-quality development. Therefore, high-quality economic development can be promoted by accelerating the construction of new digital infrastructure, coordinating the layout of Internet infrastructure and improving the incentive mechanism for entrepreneurs. Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences/Environmental economics Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences/Sustainability Internet High quality economic development Entrepreneurship Threshold model Spatial Durbin model 1. Summary The report of the twentieth CPC National Congress points out that "high-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way", and that it should adhere to the theme of high-quality development, accelerate the construction of a modernized economic system, focus on improving total factor productivity, accelerate the development of the digital economy, and promote the in-depth integration of the digital economy and the real economy. As an important digital infrastructure, the Internet has given full play to its supporting and leading role in the deep development of the digital economy. As of June 2022, the number of Internet users in China reached 1.051 billion, and the Internet penetration rate reached 74.4%, forming the world's largest digital society with the strongest application penetration. 2021 is the opening year of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan, and standing at a new historical starting point, the digital economy will release greater potential. The "14th Five-Year Plan" will "accelerate digital development and build a digital China" into a separate chapter, the digital economy will further promote economic transformation and upgrading and growth mode change, enhance the resilience of China's economic development, and provide strong impetus for economic and social development, the Internet, as an important information infrastructure, will play an important role in the development of the digital economy in this year. The Internet, as an important information infrastructure, plays a crucial role in this. Since the reform and opening up, excellent entrepreneurship has played a crucial role in the process of high-quality development of China's economy. The 20th Party Congress re-emphasized the importance of "promoting entrepreneurship", which shows that entrepreneurship as the spirit of the times has been fully valued, and with the rapidly changing situation at home and abroad, contemporary China needs such entrepreneurial spirit to lead the high-quality development of the economy in the new era. Solow (Solow) put forward the famous "Solow paradox", that is, the rapid development and penetration of the IT industry did not bring about significant productivity gains, the interpretation of the Solow paradox and related discussions have continued to this day, for the modern interpretation of the Solow paradox and the effective way to solve the problem of different scholars have put forward their own unique insights, think that "Solow's paradox" is that labor productivity growth will experience a long downturn in the early stage of the diffusion of general-purpose technology (Cheng, 2021), enhancing the network effect of technological innovation and promoting the transformation of decision-making and management mode are effective paths to solve the "Solow's paradox" (Yu & Wei, 2021; He, Feng, & Hua, 2020), the existing research on the relationship between the most of the existing studies on the relationship between the Internet and economic development start from the perspective of real data, and all of them believe that the Internet plays an obvious positive role in promoting economic development (Gong et al., 2021; Wang, Dai, & Wang, 2022; Lv, Li, & Zhao, 2023). The majority of existing studies on the relationship between the Internet and economic development, starting from the perspective of real data, believe that the Internet plays an obvious positive role in promoting economic development. While the research on the relationship between the Internet and entrepreneurship is still in the primary stage, some scholars believe that the Internet plays a certain degree of incentive for entrepreneurship based on the linear perspective, and some scholars believe that the Internet has a certain degree of incentive for entrepreneurship (Lei & Li, 2021; Luo et al., 2022). Some scholars believe that the Internet has a non-linear promotion effect on entrepreneurship (Hui &Liu, 2021). Some scholars believe that the Internet has a non-linear effect on entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship was first proposed by Schumpeter in the book "Theory of Economic Development". Gu et al. (2021) pointed out the close relationship between entrepreneurship and the promotion of high quality economic development based on the triple bottom line measure of high-quality economic development. Wang & Yao (2021) empirically analyzed the role of entrepreneurship in the promotion of high-quality economic development using the SYS-GMM method. Comprehensive domestic and international literature, firstly, most of the existing literature selects two of the three factors of the Internet, entrepreneurship and economic development for research, and the research on the relationship between the three is not sufficient; secondly, most of the research is based on the national or provincial level, and little further refinement is made; however, there are differences in the level of the Internet and the degree of economic development between different cities in the same province, so further refinement of the regional Third, most of the domestic and international literature selects total factor productivity as an indicator of high-quality economic development, or constructs the relevant indicator system based on the provincial level, but the construction of the indicator system for cities above the prefectural level is seldom involved; fourth, there may still be mutual influences among cities with different levels of development. This paper tries to make the following marginal contributions: ( 1 ) incorporating entrepreneurship into the research system, establishing the link between the Internet, entrepreneurship and economic development, and discussing the role played by entrepreneurship in the process of the Internet influencing the high-quality development of the economy and the possible thresholds through the mediating effect model and the threshold model; ( 2 ) the research region is refined to the city level, and 284 cities nationwide are selected for the cities above prefecture level for the study, which is more targeted; ( 3 ) for the measurement of relevant indicators, the index system of economic high-quality development in reference to existing literature, using principal component analysis to measure the relevant indicators for multi-angle consideration; ( 4 ) using spatial econometrics model for the discussion of the possible interactions between different cities. 2. Theoretical analysis and research hypothesis 2.1. Direct impact of the Internet on high-quality economic development First, the knowledge spillover effect generated by the Internet lays the foundation for high-quality economic development. In the time dimension, the Internet provides a new platform for the dissemination of knowledge, forming a knowledge network, accelerating the speed of knowledge dissemination, making it easier to share and learn from experience, and making the latest information on technological innovations and cutting-edge achievements readily available; in the spatial dimension, the Internet breaks through geographical and spatial constraints, allowing for a freer flow of information and resources, and facilitating the mutual promotion and coordinated development of various cities. At the same time, through the "Internet +" to strengthen the integration of different industries, break free from the shackles of the industry, the high-quality development of the economy to play a certain role in promoting. Second, the information diffusion effect generated by the Internet provides a medium for high-quality economic development. From the point of view of the quantity of knowledge dissemination, the Internet has a huge stock of knowledge, with richer and more diversified content, which strengthens the exchange and integration of different knowledge; from the point of view of the quality of knowledge dissemination, it expands the boundaries of knowledge, which is conducive to high-quality economic development. Thirdly, to a certain extent, the Internet promotes high-quality economic development by optimizing the allocation of resources. In the labor market, the Internet realizes the free flow of factors across regions, industries and platforms. In the capital market, Internet finance enables the investment and financing needs ignored by traditional financial institutions to be docked, greatly enhancing the exchange efficiency of the capital market. In the product market, the use of big data and artificial intelligence makes the allocation of various types of resources more accurate and efficient, improves the commercialization ability of innovative products, and better realizes the high-quality development of the economy. In summary, the following hypotheses are proposed. Hypothesis H1: The Internet can promote high-quality economic development. 2.2 Mediating effects of entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the Internet's promotion of high-quality economic development. On the one hand, the Internet promotes entrepreneurial spirit and then promotes high-quality economic development. The stimulation of entrepreneurial spirit can make full use of the massive information resources of the Internet, improve the ability to identify and grasp opportunities, which is conducive to the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities and the integration of resources, increase the probability of enterprise innovation, effectively mitigate entrepreneurial risk, and better play the positive impact of the Internet on the high-quality development of the economy; on the other hand, the Internet promotes entrepreneurial spirit of innovation and then promotes the high-quality development of the economy. Entrepreneurial innovation spirit accelerates the integration of the Internet and traditional industries, and realizes the high-quality development of traditional industries. The open, cooperative and innovative platform provided by the Internet is conducive to the promotion of the Internet platform economy and at the same time promotes the innovative development of traditional industries, which is more conducive to the positive promotion of the Internet on the high-quality development of the economy. In summary, the following hypothesis is proposed: Hypothesis H2: The Internet will promote high quality economic development by inspiring entrepreneurship. 2.3 Threshold effect of the Internet on high-quality economic development When the entrepreneurial spirit is limited, the experience that the Internet can draw on for the high-quality development of the economy is also very limited, and although to a certain extent it has a positive impact on the Internet's promotion of high-quality development of the economy, this impact can still be further enhanced. When the entrepreneurial spirit is constantly active, the entrepreneur's ability to apply the Internet to the high-quality development of enterprises will also be improved, and there may be certain thresholds, when crossing these thresholds, it can make the Internet to promote the high-quality development of the economy get a qualitative enhancement, and when the entrepreneurial spirit is fully awakened, it can make the Internet to promote the high-quality development of the economy more obvious. Accordingly, the following hypothesis is proposed: Hypothesis H3: The positive impact of the Internet on high-quality economic development is further enhanced when entrepreneurship is active to a certain extent. 2.4 Spatial effects of the Internet on high-quality economic development According to the "first law of geography": everything is related to other things, the more similar things are related more closely. First, a city with a high level of high-quality development is better endowed with resources, with the flow of resources across the city, the level of high-quality development of the surrounding economy has a radiation effect, and similarly, the high-quality development of the surrounding cities can also lead to the high-quality development of the city's economy. Secondly, the Internet can break through spatial limitations, generate social network effects, connect the society and strengthen the linkage of economic activities among cities, and the popularization of Internet in surrounding cities promotes the flow of factors among cities, and the rational use of the Internet will have a positive effect on improving production efficiency and living standards, and the convenience of the network can reduce the cost of interacting with economic activities, which will lead to the high-quality development of the city's economy, forming a positive spatial spillover effect. The convenience of the network can also reduce the interaction cost of economic activities, thus promoting the high-quality development of the city's economy and forming positive spatial spillover effects. Thirdly, cities with a higher degree of Internet comprehensive development index usually have a higher rate of knowledge and human capital accumulation, and with industrial agglomeration and urban expansion, they realize resource sharing with surrounding cities and promote the high-quality development of the surrounding cities' economy, i.e., generating a positive feedback effect. In view of this, the following hypothesis is proposed: Hypothesis H4-1: Cities with different levels of high-quality development are mutually reinforcing and have some spatial autocorrelation. Hypothesis H4-2: The Internet in surrounding cities has positive spatial spillover effects on the high-quality development of the city's economy. Hypothesis H4-3: The Internet in this city shows a positive feedback effect on the high-quality development of the economy of the surrounding cities. 3. Data Description 3.1. Modeling and description of relevant variables Based on the previous theoretical analysis and research hypotheses, the benchmark regression model to test the impact of the Internet on high-quality economic development is constructed as follows: $${Hqeg}_{it}={\alpha }_{0}+{\alpha }_{1}{Itgrow}_{it}+{\alpha }_{2}{X}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\theta }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it} （1）$$ where i denotes different cities above prefecture level, t denotes different years. Hqeg denotes the level of high-quality economic development, and Itgrow is the level of comprehensive development of the Internet. 𝑋𝑖𝑡 is the set of control variables, and 𝜀𝑖𝑡 is the disturbance term. In order to further analyze the relationship between the level of comprehensive development of the Internet, entrepreneurship and the level of high-quality economic development in depth, entrepreneurship is introduced as a mediating variable on the basis of Eq. (1), and the mediating effect model is constructed as follows: $${M}_{it}={\beta }_{0}+{\beta }_{1}{Itgrow}_{it}+{\beta }_{2}{X}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\theta }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it} （2）$$ $${Hqeg}_{it}={\gamma }_{0}+{\gamma }_{1}{Itgrow}_{it}+{\gamma }_{2}{M}_{it}+{\gamma }_{3}{X}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\theta }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it} （3）$$ Equations (1), (2), and ( 3 ) constitute a mediated effects model, with M as the mediating variable, the 𝛼 1 , 𝛾 1 , and 𝛽 1 𝛾 2 denote the total effect, direct effect and indirect effect of the impact of the level of comprehensive development of the Internet on the high-quality development of the economy, respectively, and the meanings of the remaining variables are consistent with Eq. (1). Regarding the mediating variable of entrepreneurship in the process of the level of comprehensive development of the Internet influencing the high-quality development of the economy, which may have a nonlinear effect on the level of high-quality development of the economy, a panel threshold model is constructed here to discuss it: $${Hqeg}_{it}={\rho }_{0}+{\rho }_{1}{Itgrow}_{it}+{\rho }_{2}{Entrep}_{it}+{\rho }_{3}{Itgrow}_{it}\times I\left({Entrep}_{it}{\theta }_{2}\right)$$ $$+{\rho }_{6}{X}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\theta }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it} （4）$$ where Entrep is the threshold variable entrepreneurship and 𝜃 is the threshold value, I (∙) is the indicator function, I takes 1 if the condition in parentheses is satisfied, and 0 otherwise. Considering the spatial factor of economic high-quality development, a spatial econometric model is constructed on the basis of the benchmark regression to examine the spatial spillover effect of Internet popularization on economic high-quality development, and in order to avoid estimation errors, the spatial Durbin model (SDM) is adopted to conduct the relevant research: $${lnHqeg}_{it}={\delta }_{0}+{\delta }_{1}{Internet}_{it}+{\delta }_{2}{lnX}_{it}+{\delta }_{3}\sum _{i=1}^{284}{W}_{it}{lnHqeg}_{it}$$ $$+{\delta }_{4}\sum _{i=1}^{284}{W}_{it}{Internet}_{it}+{\delta }_{5}\sum _{i=1}^{N}{W}_{it}{lnX}_{it}++{\mu }_{i}+{\theta }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it} （5）$$ where. 𝛿 3 is the spatial lag factor coefficient of economic high-quality development, indicating the impact of neighboring cities' economic high-quality development on this city's economic high-quality development; 𝛿 4 is the spatial lag factor coefficient of the Itgrow , indicating the impact of Itgrow in neighboring cities on the high-quality development of the city's economy; 𝑊 𝑖𝑡 is the spatial weight matrix element, where W 0 is the 0–1 spatial adjacency matrix obtained by assigning a value of 1 to neighboring cities and 0 to non-neighboring cities; W 1 is the geographic inverse distance matrix based on latitude and longitude taking the inverse of the geographic distances computed using Matlab; and W 2 is the economic distance matrix based on the average of GDP per capita ( $ /capita) for the years 2009–2020. 3.2. Measurement and description of variables 3.2.1 Explained variables Referring to Shi & Zhang (2019), on the basis of retaining its overall indicator system and the selection of relevant indicators, the level of high-quality development of the economy is estimated by using the principal component analysis method. The description of specific indicators is shown in Table 1 . Table 1 System of indicators for the level of high-quality economic development. Target level Standardized layer Indicator layer Unit (of measure) Causality Fundamentals of development Economic development intensity GDP per capita Yuan/person + Stability of economic development Coefficient of variation of economic growth rate based on three-year rolling window calculation / - Rationalization of Economic development The Thiel index of urban three-industry development (Gan, Zheng, &Yu, 2011) / - Outward orientation of economic development Share of actual foreign investment in regional GDP / + Social outcomes of development Teach Number of students enrolled in general higher education as a proportion of the total population / + Medical care Doctors per 10,000 population Persons per 10,000 + Ecological outcomes of development Unit gas pollution emission outputs Output per unit of industrial sulphur dioxide emissions Million yuan/Ton + Unit liquid Contamination emission outputs Output per unit of industrial wastewater discharge Million yuan/Ton + Unit solid pollution emission outputs Output of industrial fume (dust) emissions per unit Million yuan/Ton + 3.2.2 Core explanatory variables Internet Comprehensive Development Index ( Itgrow ). Drawing on Huang, Yu, & Zhang (2011), the index of four dimensions, including Internet penetration, Internet-related practitioners, Internet-related output, and the number of mobile Internet users, was measured by principal component analysis (Table 2 .). Table 2 System of indicators for the level of high-quality economic development. Standardized layer Indicator layer Unit (of measure) Causality Internet penetration Number of Internet users per 100 people households/100 people + Internet-related practitioners Proportion of computer services and software employees % + Internet-related outputs Total telecommunications services per capita RMB/person + Number of mobile Internet users Mobile phone subscribers per 100 people households/100 people + 3.2.3 Other variables Mediating variable: entrepreneurship ( Entrep ). Drawing on Li et al. (2009), entrepreneurship is divided into entrepreneurial entrepreneurship ( Ent ) and entrepreneurial innovation spirit ( Inno ) to measure. Among them, entrepreneurial entrepreneurship is measured by the proportion of urban private sector employment to the total population at the end of the year; entrepreneurial innovation spirit is selected to be measured by the logarithm of the number of patent applications per 10,000 people per capita. All variable definitions, symbols, and related descriptions of calculation methods are shown in Table 3 . The control variables mainly include: the level of financial development ( Fin ), measured through the ratio of deposit and loan balances of financial institutions to the regional GDP; the level of government intervention ( Gov ), measured through the share of expenditures within the general budget of the local treasury in the regional GDP; the level of industrial sophistication ( Stru ), measured through the ratio of value added of the tertiary industry to the regional GDP; the level of consumption of social retail goods ( C ), measured through the share of social retail consumption in GDP; and the level of fixed asset investment ( I ), measured through the ratio of social fixed asset investment to GDP. 3.2.4 Data sources and descriptive statistics The annual statistical data of 284 cities above prefecture level from 2009 to 2020 are selected as the research object, with 2009 as the time node, mainly considering that the economic development before and after experiencing the financial crisis in 2008 is different, so the data after 2008 are selected for analysis. The raw data mainly come from China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), China City Statistical Yearbook, statistical yearbooks of provinces and some prefectural cities, China Research Data Service Platform (CNRDS), Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the Work of Creating Broadband China Demonstration Cities (City Clusters), and Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the Work of Creating Broadband China Demonstration Cities (City Clusters). (City Cluster), etc. Some of the missing values are made up by interpolation and the sample is shrunk by 1% up and down to eliminate extreme values. The descriptive statistics of various related variables involved in the article are shown in Table 3 , the maximum value of the explanatory variable economic high-quality development level ( Hqeg ) is 3.035, the minimum value is 0.218, and the average value is 0.886, with a wide range of changes, indicating that there is a gap in the level of high-quality development between different cities in China; the core explanatory variable Internet comprehensive development index ( Itgrow ) also has a wide range of differences. The maximum value is 1.429, the minimum value is 0.000, and the average value is 0.217, indicating that China's overall Internet comprehensive development index is better, but there are some differences between different cities. Table 3 Variable definitions, symbols and calculations. Variable type Variable name Variable symbol Calculation method Average value Std Min Max Explanatory variable High-quality economic development Hqeg Principal component analysis (PCA) 0.8859 0.3553 0.2176 3.0354 Core explanatory variables Internet comprehensive development index Itgrow Number of Internet broadband access subscribers / Total population at the end of the year 0.5433 0.4455 0.0002 3.5741 Mediating and threshold variables Entrepreneurship Ent Urban private sector employment / Total population at the end of the year 0.1411 0.1339 0.0027 0.9699 Entrepreneurial innovation Inno Number of patent applications / Total population at the end of the year, in logarithms 1.9303 1.1383 0.0489 6.1575 Control variable Level of financial development Fin Balance of deposits and loans of financial institutions / GDP 5.3940 0.4216 4.0908 7.6644 Level of government intervention Gov Expenditures from the general budget of local finances / Gross Regional Product 0.1987 0.1085 0.0439 0.9155 Level of industrial sophistication Stru Value added of tertiary sector / GDP 0.5292 0.1301 0.0990 0.9480 Level of consumption of social retail goods C Total retail sales of consumer goods / Gross regional product 0.3786 0.1090 0.0000 0.9958 Level of investment in fixed assets I Fixed Asset Investment / Gross Regional Product 0.7295 0.2606 0.0005 0.9999 * Data source: authors' estimates based on stata17 software, below. 4. Empirical findings 4.1 Benchmark regressions, robustness tests and endogeneity discussion Firstly, the fixed effect model is used to carry out the benchmark regression, and the results of the benchmark regression are shown in column ( 2 ) of Table 4 . From the test results, it can be seen that the regression coefficient of Internet comprehensive development index is significantly positive at the 1% level, indicating that Internet comprehensive development index significantly improves high-quality economic development and verifies hypothesis H1. In order to ensure the robustness of the impact of the Internet on the high-quality development of the economy, the methods of replacing the core explanatory variables and replacing the model were chosen for testing, respectively. Internet penetration ( Internet ) is used as a proxy variable for the Internet Comprehensive Development Index ( Itgrow ). The robustness of the regression results is further verified by comparing them with the previous benchmark regression results. As shown in column ( 3 ) of Table 4 , after replacing the core explanatory variables, Internet penetration still has a significant positive effect on high-quality development of the economy, which is basically the same as the previous benchmark regression results, proving that the previous regression results are robust. The robustness test is further carried out by replacing the model, based on the pilot cities of the "Broadband China" strategy implemented successively from 2014 to 2016. Of these, In August 2013, the State Council issued for the first time the implementation plan for the "Broadband China" strategy ("Circular of the State Council on the Issuance of the "Broadband China" Strategy and Implementation Plan"), and the construction of broadband network infrastructure was formally upgraded to a national strategy. From 2014 to 2016, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and the Na-tional Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) selected 120 cities (clusters) as demonstration sites in three batches over three years, and the pilot cities of the "Broadband China" strategy mainly include: ( 1 ) pilot cities in 2014: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Changzhutan Urban Agglomeration, Shijiazhuang, Dalian, Benxi, Yanbian Chaoyang, and Dalian City. ( 1 ) Pilot cities in 2014: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chang-zhutan urban agglomeration, Shijiazhuang, Dalian, Benxi, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Harbin, Daqing, Nanjing, Suzhou, Zhenjiang, Kunshan, Jinhua, Wuhu, An-qing, Fuzhou (Pingtan), Xiamen, Quanzhou, Nanchang, Shangrao, Qingdao, Zibo, Weihai, Linyi, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Chengdu, Panzhihua, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Guiyang, Yin-chuan, Wuzhong, Ariel. ( 2 ) Pilot cities in 2015: Taiyuan, Hohhot, Erdos, Anshan, Panjin, Baishan, Yangzhou, Jiaxing, Hefei, Tongling, Putian, Xinyu, Ganzhou, Dongying, Jining, Dezhou,Xinxiang, Yongcheng, Huangshi, Xiangyang, Yichang, Shiyan, Suizhou, Yueyang, Shantou, Meizhou, Dongguan, Jiangjin District of Chongqing Municipality, Rongchang District of Chongqing Municipality, Mianyang, Neijiang, Yibin, Dazhou, Yuxi and Lanzhou, Zhangye, Guyuan, Zhongwei, and Karamay. ( 3 ) Pilot cities in 2016: Yangquan, Jinzhong, Wuhai, Baotou, Tongliao, Shenyang, Mudanjiang, Wuxi, Taizhou, Nantong, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Huangshan, Ma'anshan, Ji'an, Yantai, Zaozhuang, Shangqiu, Jiaozuo, Nanyang, Ezhou, Hengyang, Yiyang, Yulin, Haikou, Jiulongpo, Beibei, Ya'an, Luzhou, Nanchong, Zunyi, Wenshan Zhuangzuzizhiqu, Lhasa, Linzhi, Weinan, Wuwei, Jiuquan, Tianshui, Nanning. The multi-temporal DID model is further examined to ensure the credibility of the results of the article, and the model is constructed as follows: $${lnHqeg}_{it}={\omega }_{0}+{\omega }_{1}{DID}_{it}+{\omega }_{2}{lnX}_{it}+{\mu }_{i}+{\theta }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{it} （6）$$ Among them. 𝐷𝐼𝐷 𝑖𝑡 = 𝐷𝐼𝐷 𝑖 × 𝐷𝐼𝐷 𝑡 is a dummy variable for controlling the experimental and control groups. 𝐷𝐼𝐷 𝑖 is the dummy variable controlling the experimental group and the control group, the city implementing the "Broadband China" strategy is 1, and the rest are 0; 𝐷𝐼𝐷 𝑡 For the dummy variable controlling the time of the quasi-natural experiment, the cities implementing the "Broadband China" strategy are 1 for the current year and the following years, and the rest of them are 0. The meanings of the other variables are the same as those of the baseline regression, and the results of the regression, as shown in Column ( 4 ) of Table 4 , still pass the significance test at the 1% level and the regression coefficients are positive. Sample regression models may still have endogeneity problems such as mutual causation, measurement error, and omission of key explanatory variables: first, regarding possible measurement error, authoritative data are selected as much as possible and relative indicators are adopted to reduce the error. Secondly, regarding issues such as omission of key explanatory variables, control variables are added and fixed effects models are used for estimation. Therefore, the main discussion is on endogeneity caused by mutual causality, i.e., the Internet promotes high-quality economic development, and high-quality economic development may also promote the Internet in reverse. In order to analyze the main causality that exists and to weaken the impact arising from this endogeneity problem, the sample regression using two-stage least squares (2SLS) with Internet comprehensive development index lagged by one period (L. Itgrow ) as an instrumental variable is conducted, and the regression coefficients, as shown in columns ( 5 ) of Table 4 , are significantly positive at the 1% level and, according to the results of the LM test and the Wald test There are no weak instrumental variables and no over-identification problems. In summary, after considering the endogeneity problem, Internet comprehensive development index still shows a significant contribution to high-quality economic development, which is basically consistent with the results of the benchmark regression. Table 4 Benchmark regression, robustness test and endogeneity test results. Explanatory variable Explained variable: Level of high-quality economic development Benchmark regression (FE) Substitution of variables (FE) Replacement model (DID) Endogeneity test (IV-2SLS) Internet comprehensive development index 0. 2537 *** (0.0079) Internet penetration 0.1627 *** (0.0043) Virtual variable 0.2145 *** (0.0082) L. Internet comprehensive development index 0.3178 *** (0.0122) Level of financial development -0.0048 -0.0010 0.0115 0.0061 (0.0068) (0.0065) (0.0071) (0.0071) Level of government intervention 0.0261 -0.0152 0.1212 *** -0.0503 ** (0.0246) (0.0237) (0.0254) (0.0251) Level of industrial sophistication -0.0509 -0.0031 -0.1403 *** -0.0298 ** (0.0367) (0.0352) (0.0386) (0.0379) Level of consumption of social retail goods -0.0061 0.0019 -0.1107 *** 0.0255 (0.0247) (0.0236) (0.0256) (0.0255) Level of investment in fixed assets 0.0262 *** 0.0272 *** 0.0275 *** 0.0452*** (0.0098) (0.0094) (0.0102) (0.0100) Constant term (math.) 0.7790 *** 0.4100 *** 0.8556 *** 0.6745 *** (0.0375) (0.0376) (0.0392) (0.0387) K-P value 1315.777 LM statistic [0.0000] K-P value 2446.434 Wald statistic {16.38} Within R 2 0.2695 0.3312 0.2006 0.1765 N 3408 3408 3408 3124 * Note: ( 1 ) Values in parentheses are robustness-adjusted t-values or z-values, and *, **, and *** indicate significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively. ( 2 ) The original hypothesis of the K-P LM test is "H0: insufficient identification of instrumental variables", with the corresponding p-value reported in center brackets, and the original hypothesis of the K-P F test is "H0: weak identification of instrumental variables", with the critical value at the 10% level of significance in curly brackets. 4.2 Mechanism testing According to the results of the previous empirical analysis, it indicates that the Internet has a positive driving effect on the high-quality development of the economy and is significant at the 1% level. Introducing entrepreneurship as a mediating variable, the relationship between the Internet, entrepreneurship and economic high-quality development is further explored, and the results of the mediation effect test are shown in Table 5 . From the results of mediation test, the regression coefficients of entrepreneurship in model 2 and model 4 are significantly positive at 1% level. 𝛽 1 are significantly positive at the 1% level, indicating that the Internet comprehensive development index enhances entrepreneurship; the regression coefficients of entrepreneurship in model 3 and model 5 are both significantly positive at the 1% level, indicating that entrepreneurship contributes to the high-quality development of the economy. 𝛾 2 The regression coefficients of entrepreneurship in model 3 and model 5 are both significantly positive at the 1% level, indicating that entrepreneurship contributes to high-quality development of the economy, and the regression coefficients of Internet comprehensive development index in model 3 and model 5 are both significantly positive at the 1% level. 𝛾 1 are both significantly positive at the 1% level, so entrepreneurship plays a part of the mediating role, according to the calculation, the mediating effect of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial innovation spirit accounted for 22.24% and 14.06%, respectively, which verifies the hypothesis H2. Table 5 Results of the test of mediating effect of entrepreneurship. Explanatory variable model 1 model 2 model 3 model 4 model 5 Hqeg Ent Hqeg Inno Hqeg Internet comprehensive development index 0.2537*** 0.0920*** 0.1973*** 0.9748*** 0.2180*** (0.0079) (0.0036) (0.0083) (0.0535) (0.0080) Level of financial development -0.0048 -0.0050 -0.0017 -0.0039 -0.0047 (0.0068) (0.0031) (0.0065) (0.0462) (0.0066) Level of government intervention 0.0261 0.0333*** 0.0056 -0.1636 0.0321 (0.0246) (0.0111) (0.0237) (0.1676) (0.0239) -0.0509 -0.0129 -0.0430 1.0844*** -0.0906** (0.0367) (0.0166) (0.0353) (0.2500) (0.0357) Level of industrial sophistication -0.0061 0.0129 -0.0140 0.0229 -0.0069 (0.0247) (0.0112) (0.0238) (0.1681) (0.0239) Entrepreneurship 0.6132*** (0.0381) Entrepreneurial innovation 0.0366*** (0.0025) Constant term (math.) 0.7790*** 0.1091*** 0.7120*** 0.8232*** 0.7488*** (0.0375) (0.0169) (0.0363) (0.2554) (0.0364) Within R 2 0.2695 0.1969 0.3255 0.1078 0.3149 N 3408 3408 3408 3408 3408 4.3 Threshold effects For further testing of hypothesis H3, the number of thresholds was gradually increased to determine the threshold value. In this case, the triple threshold test for both entrepreneurial entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial innovation spirit is not significant. The triple threshold test for entrepreneurial innovation spirit is not significant, and Table 6 shows the results of the threshold estimation for both. The results show that there is a double threshold for both entrepreneurial entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial innovation spirit, and the two thresholds for entrepreneurial entrepreneurship are 0.1745 and 0.4353; the two thresholds for entrepreneurial innovation spirit are 1.9428 and 3.9991, respectively. Table 7 shows the results of the threshold regression, and it can be seen from Columns ( 1 ) ( 2 ) that when entrepreneurship is elevated to a certain degree, the Internet comprehensive development index shows a more pronounced positive impact on the economic high-quality development, presenting a kind of non-linear threshold characteristics, which verifies the hypothesis H3. Table 6 Results of threshold estimation. Variant Threshold model Threshold value F-value P-value Threshold value 10% 5% 1% Entrepreneurship Single threshold 0.1850 196.41 0.0000 21.3917 26.6259 34.1563 Double threshold 0.1745; 0.4353 115.28 0.0000 18.0798 21.5654 29.2684 Triple threshold 0.1430; 0.2433; 0.4353 11.99 0.4275 22.3214 26.7269 38.8078 Entrepreneurial innovation Single threshold 3.9991 89.64 0.0000 27.1705 30.8271 42.1980 Double threshold 3.9991; 1.9428 58.97 0.0175 26.9179 33.7328 78.8757 Triple threshold 3.9991; 0.8122; 1.7592 34.44 0.4300 128.2983 155.7046 189.6852 * Note: ( 1 ) P-values and critical values were obtained using Bootstrap iterative sampling 400 times; ( 2 ) Each threshold check process recorrects the previous threshold when a new threshold is recognized. Table 7 Threshold regression results. Explanatory variable Threshold variables (1)Entrepreneurship (2)Entrepreneurial innovation Internet comprehensive development index _1 0.1382 *** 0.1420 *** (0.0044) (0.0048) Internet comprehensive development index _2 0.1684 *** 0.1559 *** (0.0042) (0.0043) Internet comprehensive development index _3 0.1382 *** 0.1820 *** (0.0056) (0.0052) Level of financial development -0.0009 -0.0042 (0.0062) (0.0064) Level of government intervention -0.0267 -0.0044 (0.0247) (0.0232) Level of advanced industrial structure -0.0349 -0.0488 (0.0337) (0.0346) Level of consumption of social retail goods -0.0034 0.0016 (0.0226) (0.0231) Level of investment in fixed assets 0.0220 ** 0.0260 *** (0.0090) (0.0092) Constant term (math.) 0.4693 *** 0.4853 *** (0.0362) (0.0375) Within R 2 0.3889 0.3598 F-statistics value 29.72 34.43 N 3408 3408 4.4 Space effects In order to explore the possible spatial correlation, the global Moran's I is first used to test whether there is spatial autocorrelation between different levels of high-quality economic development, and the test results are shown in Table 8 . According to the global Moran's index, it can be seen that the global Moran's index between different cities are all significantly positive at the 1% level, so the level of high-quality development of the economy of each city shows a positive spatial autocorrelation between the levels of high-quality development of the economy, that is, the level of high-quality development of the economy of each city promotes each other, which verifies the hypothesis H4-1. Table 8 Global Moran's Index (Moran's I), 2009–2020. Year W 0 W 1 W 2 Moran’s I Z-value Moran’s I Z-value Moran’s I Z-value 2009 0.436 *** 11.022 0.104 *** 17.015 0.520 *** 19.500 2010 0.416 *** 10.528 0.100 *** 16.386 0.536 *** 20.086 2011 0.391 *** 9.904 0.093 *** 15.291 0.549 *** 20.574 2012 0.388 *** 9.809 0.092 *** 15.196 0.552 *** 20.676 2013 0.419 *** 10.675 0.090 *** 15.007 0.479 *** 18.091 2014 0.365 *** 9.250 0.083 *** 13.640 0.574 *** 21.495 2015 0.386 *** 9.775 0.087 *** 14.309 0.589 *** 22.036 2016 0.392 *** 9.922 0.088 *** 14.504 0.579 *** 21.662 2017 0.389 *** 9.842 0.088 *** 14.508 0.576 *** 21.568 2018 0.387 *** 9.793 0.090 *** 14.784 0.579 *** 21.644 2019 0.420 *** 10.607 0.105 *** 17.108 0.539 *** 20.176 2020 0.437 *** 11.043 0.115 *** 18.786 0.530 *** 19.821 The regression results of the spatial Durbin model are shown in Table 9 : the fitting effect of the spatial Durbin model is better than that of the fixed effects model. The autoregressive coefficients of the level of high-quality economic development are all significantly positive when using different matrices, such as the spatial adjacency matrix W 0 , the geographic inverse distance matrix W 1 and the economic distance matrix W 2 , indicating that there is a significant spatial correlation in high-quality economic development, which is consistent with the results of the previous analysis of the Moran index. The spatial spillover effect of Internet popularization on economic high-quality development is significantly positive when regressed using different matrices, indicating that the Internet in surrounding cities will drive the economic high-quality development of core cities. Table 9 Results of SDM model test for spatial effects. Explanatory variable Explained variable: Level of high-quality economic development SDM (W 0 ) SDM (W 1 ) SDM (W 2 ) W · High-quality economic development 0.5799 *** 0.9557 *** 0.4517 *** (0.0157) (0.0126) (0.0290) Internet comprehensive development index 0.0205 *** 0.0202 *** 0.0396 *** (0.0071) (0.0076) (0.0079) W ·Internet comprehensive development index 0.0221 * 0.4376 *** 0.0697 *** (0.0125) (0.0696) (0.0236) Control variable yes yes yes Within R 2 0.2733 0.4639 0.3833 N 3408 3408 3408 Since the spatial correlation coefficient of the spatial lag term is not accurate enough to reflect the spatial spillover effect directly, it is necessary to decompose the resulting effect. Table 10 shows the results of the analysis of the impact effect of the core explanatory variable Internet comprehensive development index, the direct effect reflects the effect of Internet comprehensive development index in this city on the high-quality development of the city's economy, which are all significant at the 1% level, and verifies the hypothesis H4-1 together with the global Moran index in the previous section; the indirect effect reflects the effect of the Internet comprehensive development index in the surrounding cities on the high-quality development of the city's economy, which is a driving effect. That is, positive spatial spillover effect, which verifies the hypothesis H4-2; at the same time, Internet popularization in this city will also form a kind of reverse spillover effect on the high-quality development of the surrounding cities' economy, i.e., feedback effect, according to the difference between the direct effect and the estimated coefficient can be found out the magnitude of the feedback effect, all of which are positive feedback, which verifies the hypothesis H4-3. Table 10 Results of the analysis of the effects of the core explanatory variables. Spatial weighting matrix (physics) Estimated coefficient Feedback effect Direct effect Indirect effect Total effect The spatial neighborhood weight matrix W 0 0.0205 *** 0.0061 0.0266 *** 0.0728 *** 0.0995 *** (0.0071) (0.0079) (0.0271) (0.0312) Geographic inverse distance weight moments W 1 0.0174 ** 0.0438 0.0612 *** 11.1132 *** 11.1744 *** (0.0081) (0.0171) (4.2862) (4.3014) The economic distance weight matrix W 2 0.0380 *** 0.0068 0.0448 *** 0.1546 *** 0.1994 *** (0.0088) (0.0084) (0.0438) (0.0471) N 3408 3408 3408 3408 3408 * Tables may have a footer. 5. Conclusions and policy recommendations 5.1 Conclusion China's Internet continues to be popularized, and broadband and other information infrastructures continue to sink from cities to villages, expanding regional coverage and forming a huge scale of Internet users, which provides a powerful endogenous impetus for promoting China's high-quality economic development. Using principal component analysis to measure the level of high-quality economic development and explore the impact of the Internet on high-quality economic development and the key role played by entrepreneurship therein, the annual panel data of 284 prefectural-level cities above the national level from 2009 to 2020 are selected to conduct an empirical analysis based on the relationship between the Internet, entrepreneurship and high-quality economic development. The results show that ( 1 ) on the whole, the Internet promotes high-quality development of the economy; ( 2 ) the Internet promotes high-quality development of the economy by inspiring entrepreneurship; ( 3 ) along with the enhancement of entrepreneurial activity to a certain degree, the positive impact of the Internet on high-quality development of the economy will be more obvious; ( 4 ) high-quality development of the economy in different cities promotes each other; ( 5 ) the Internet in the surrounding cities has a positive spatial spillover effect on the city's economic ( 5 ) The Internet in surrounding cities has a positive spatial spillover effect on the high-quality development of the city's economy, and the popularization of the Internet in this city has a positive feedback effect on the high-quality development of the surrounding cities' economy. 5.2 Policy recommendations Based on the relevant research in this paper, the following policy recommendations are made: First, accelerate the construction of new digital infrastructure and strengthen the research and development of key core technologies. New information infrastructure construction as an important strategic resource to support the development of the digital economy, determines the height, breadth and depth of the development of the digital economy, should accelerate the indepth integration of Internet technology and modern service industry, actively develop personalized service products, and gradually promote the application of Internet technology to drive the innovative development of the service industry and the high-quality development of the economy. Formulate technology research and development support policies, give support to scientific research projects, guide and support platform enterprises to increase digital R&D investment, support the construction of high-level industrial Internet infrastructure, meet the demand for industrial Internet data, improve the financial support policies for industrial Internet platforms, give full play to the utility of the Internet, and drive the high-quality development of the economy. Secondly, the layout of Internet infrastructure should be coordinated, and different cities should work together for coordinated development. On the one hand, there are still significant differences in the degree of Internet comprehensive development index in different cities in China, through Internet comprehensive development index to shorten the information gap between different cities. Promote the high-quality development of the economy; on the other hand, China is currently in a special period of transition from high-speed development to high-quality development stage, Internet comprehensive development index will undoubtedly enhance the level of technological innovation and high-quality development of the economy, however, there is still an uneven distribution of network talents in different cities, for this kind of problem can be combined with the government agencies, schools and enterprises, etc. to participate in the cultivation of talents, to reduce the shortage of talents. Reserve the power of talents and realize the high-quality coordinated development among different cities. Thirdly, improve the incentive mechanism for entrepreneurs and carry forward the spirit of outstanding entrepreneurship. First, establish an honor system for entrepreneurs. According to the law, qualified entrepreneurs should enjoy the right to participate in politics and receive recognition, and excellent entrepreneurs should be given special support to encourage their significant contributions., highlight the cultivation of new-generation entrepreneurs, and pay attention to the selection, cultivation and use of reserve talents., follow the law of entrepreneurial growth, adapt to the new era, new concepts, and new requirements, and select a number of excellent new-generation entrepreneurs every year, and conduct regular entrepreneurship training and talent incubation; secondly, establish a fault-tolerance mechanism for entrepreneurs. Incubation; Secondly, establish a fault-tolerance mechanism for entrepreneurs. Create a good atmosphere that encourages entrepreneurship and innovation and respects entrepreneurship, increase the tolerance of mistakes and failures in the legal operation of entrepreneurs, protect entrepreneurs' innovation rights and interests in accordance with the law, protect the achievements of intellectual property rights, severely investigate and deal with cases of infringement and counterfeiting, increase the cost of intellectual property rights infringement, and provide practical and effective legal protection for the achievements of entrepreneurs; and lastly, improve the market-based incentive mechanism. Clean up, resolutely investigate and deal with, and exclude and restrict competition behaviors in accordance with the law, promote the benign development of enterprises, and make achievements for the high-quality development of the economy. Declarations Data Availability Statement: The raw data mainly come from China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), China City Statistical Yearbook, statistical yearbooks of provinces and some prefectural cities, China Research Data Service Platform (CNRDS), Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the Work of Creating Broad-band China Demonstration Cities (City Clusters), and Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the Work of Creating Broadband China Demonstration Cities (City Clusters). (City Cluster), etc. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, J.C.; methodology, J.C.; software, J.C.; validation, J.C.; formal analysis, J.C.; investigation, J.C.; resources, J.C.; data curation, J.C.; writing—original draft preparation, J.C.; writing—review and editing, J.C.; visualization, J.C.; supervision, C.K.; project administration, C.K.; funding acquisition, C.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: National Social Science Foundation Youth Program "Research on Digital Integration of the Elderly under the Perspective of Smart Pension" (23CSH064); National Social Science Foundation Youth Program "Study on Measuring and Preventing the Risk of Low-Carbon Transition under the Goal of 'Dual-Carbon Low-Carbon Transition Risk Measurement and Prevention Research" (22CTJ009); "Population Aging and High-Quality Development of China's Resource-Based Cities: A Heterogeneity Analysis in the Context of Digital Economy", Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Project, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics. ". Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Acknowledgements: The author would like to thank Chenyu Kang for his insightful comments and feedback on the first draft of this paper. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References Cheng, W. (2021). Artificial intelligence, Solow's paradox and high-quality development: a perspective on the diffusion of general-purpose technologies. Economic Research, (10): 22–38. Yu, D. H., & Wei, D. L. (2021). Internet application, skill premium and total factor productivity in manufacturing: An effective solution to Solow's paradox. Research on Finance and Economics, (10): 40–48. He, X. G, Feng, D. W., & Hua, M. Q. (2020). Information and communication technology, decision model transformation and firm productivity: Cracking the mystery of Solow's paradox. Journal of Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, 42(3): 87–98. Gong, W. J., Ni, P. F., Xu, H. D., & et al. (2021). Internet-driven regional economic growth in China: Spatio temporal effects and compound mechanisms. Journal of Management Science, 24(11): 1–25. Wang, Y., Dai, Y. Y., & Wang, Z. Y. (2022). 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Internet development and manufacturing productivity improvement: Internal mechanism and Chinese experience. China Industrial Economy, (08): 5–23. Li, H. B., Li, X., Yao, X. G., & et al. (2009). The impact of entrepreneurship and innovation on China's economic growth. Economic Research, (10): 99–108. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3821392","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":267625018,"identity":"e238de84-3355-4042-ae18-e03c27745783","order_by":0,"name":"Jingbo Cao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi University of Finance and Economics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jingbo","middleName":"","lastName":"Cao","suffix":""},{"id":267625019,"identity":"dcdb2cc8-4f2c-45cb-b65d-5159f36b58bb","order_by":1,"name":"Chenyu Kang","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi University of Finance and Economics","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chenyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Kang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-12-29 13:15:27","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3821392/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3821392/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":57312039,"identity":"e57d237a-4d26-4bcb-9896-09fde79a0214","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-29 03:08:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1160605,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3821392/v1/6404c5f6-417b-4e7e-b808-95df31acb75f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Internet, entrepreneurship and high-quality economic development","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Summary","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe report of the twentieth CPC National Congress points out that \"high-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way\", and that it should adhere to the theme of high-quality development, accelerate the construction of a modernized economic system, focus on improving total factor productivity, accelerate the development of the digital economy, and promote the in-depth integration of the digital economy and the real economy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs an important digital infrastructure, the Internet has given full play to its supporting and leading role in the deep development of the digital economy. As of June 2022, the number of Internet users in China reached 1.051\u0026nbsp;billion, and the Internet penetration rate reached 74.4%, forming the world's largest digital society with the strongest application penetration. 2021 is the opening year of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan, and standing at a new historical starting point, the digital economy will release greater potential. The \"14th Five-Year Plan\" will \"accelerate digital development and build a digital China\" into a separate chapter, the digital economy will further promote economic transformation and upgrading and growth mode change, enhance the resilience of China's economic development, and provide strong impetus for economic and social development, the Internet, as an important information infrastructure, will play an important role in the development of the digital economy in this year. The Internet, as an important information infrastructure, plays a crucial role in this. Since the reform and opening up, excellent entrepreneurship has played a crucial role in the process of high-quality development of China's economy. The 20th Party Congress re-emphasized the importance of \"promoting entrepreneurship\", which shows that entrepreneurship as the spirit of the times has been fully valued, and with the rapidly changing situation at home and abroad, contemporary China needs such entrepreneurial spirit to lead the high-quality development of the economy in the new era.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolow (Solow) put forward the famous \"Solow paradox\", that is, the rapid development and penetration of the IT industry did not bring about significant productivity gains, the interpretation of the Solow paradox and related discussions have continued to this day, for the modern interpretation of the Solow paradox and the effective way to solve the problem of different scholars have put forward their own unique insights, think that \"Solow's paradox\" is that labor productivity growth will experience a long downturn in the early stage of the diffusion of general-purpose technology (Cheng, 2021), enhancing the network effect of technological innovation and promoting the transformation of decision-making and management mode are effective paths to solve the \"Solow's paradox\" (Yu \u0026amp; Wei, 2021; He, Feng, \u0026amp; Hua, 2020), the existing research on the relationship between the most of the existing studies on the relationship between the Internet and economic development start from the perspective of real data, and all of them believe that the Internet plays an obvious positive role in promoting economic development (Gong et al., 2021; Wang, Dai, \u0026amp; Wang, 2022; Lv, Li, \u0026amp; Zhao, 2023). The majority of existing studies on the relationship between the Internet and economic development, starting from the perspective of real data, believe that the Internet plays an obvious positive role in promoting economic development. While the research on the relationship between the Internet and entrepreneurship is still in the primary stage, some scholars believe that the Internet plays a certain degree of incentive for entrepreneurship based on the linear perspective, and some scholars believe that the Internet has a certain degree of incentive for entrepreneurship (Lei \u0026amp; Li, 2021; Luo et al., 2022). Some scholars believe that the Internet has a non-linear promotion effect on entrepreneurship (Hui \u0026amp;Liu, 2021). Some scholars believe that the Internet has a non-linear effect on entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship was first proposed by Schumpeter in the book \"Theory of Economic Development\". Gu et al. (2021) pointed out the close relationship between entrepreneurship and the promotion of high quality economic development based on the triple bottom line measure of high-quality economic development. Wang \u0026amp; Yao (2021) empirically analyzed the role of entrepreneurship in the promotion of high-quality economic development using the SYS-GMM method.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComprehensive domestic and international literature, firstly, most of the existing literature selects two of the three factors of the Internet, entrepreneurship and economic development for research, and the research on the relationship between the three is not sufficient; secondly, most of the research is based on the national or provincial level, and little further refinement is made; however, there are differences in the level of the Internet and the degree of economic development between different cities in the same province, so further refinement of the regional Third, most of the domestic and international literature selects total factor productivity as an indicator of high-quality economic development, or constructs the relevant indicator system based on the provincial level, but the construction of the indicator system for cities above the prefectural level is seldom involved; fourth, there may still be mutual influences among cities with different levels of development. This paper tries to make the following marginal contributions: (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) incorporating entrepreneurship into the research system, establishing the link between the Internet, entrepreneurship and economic development, and discussing the role played by entrepreneurship in the process of the Internet influencing the high-quality development of the economy and the possible thresholds through the mediating effect model and the threshold model; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) the research region is refined to the city level, and 284 cities nationwide are selected for the cities above prefecture level for the study, which is more targeted; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) for the measurement of relevant indicators, the index system of economic high-quality development in reference to existing literature, using principal component analysis to measure the relevant indicators for multi-angle consideration; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) using spatial econometrics model for the discussion of the possible interactions between different cities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Theoretical analysis and research hypothesis","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1. Direct impact of the Internet on high-quality economic development\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst, the knowledge spillover effect generated by the Internet lays the foundation for high-quality economic development. In the time dimension, the Internet provides a new platform for the dissemination of knowledge, forming a knowledge network, accelerating the speed of knowledge dissemination, making it easier to share and learn from experience, and making the latest information on technological innovations and cutting-edge achievements readily available; in the spatial dimension, the Internet breaks through geographical and spatial constraints, allowing for a freer flow of information and resources, and facilitating the mutual promotion and coordinated development of various cities. At the same time, through the \"Internet +\" to strengthen the integration of different industries, break free from the shackles of the industry, the high-quality development of the economy to play a certain role in promoting. Second, the information diffusion effect generated by the Internet provides a medium for high-quality economic development. From the point of view of the quantity of knowledge dissemination, the Internet has a huge stock of knowledge, with richer and more diversified content, which strengthens the exchange and integration of different knowledge; from the point of view of the quality of knowledge dissemination, it expands the boundaries of knowledge, which is conducive to high-quality economic development. Thirdly, to a certain extent, the Internet promotes high-quality economic development by optimizing the allocation of resources. In the labor market, the Internet realizes the free flow of factors across regions, industries and platforms. In the capital market, Internet finance enables the investment and financing needs ignored by traditional financial institutions to be docked, greatly enhancing the exchange efficiency of the capital market. In the product market, the use of big data and artificial intelligence makes the allocation of various types of resources more accurate and efficient, improves the commercialization ability of innovative products, and better realizes the high-quality development of the economy. In summary, the following hypotheses are proposed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypothesis H1: The Internet can promote high-quality economic development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Mediating effects of entrepreneurship\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntrepreneurship plays an important role in the Internet's promotion of high-quality economic development. On the one hand, the Internet promotes entrepreneurial spirit and then promotes high-quality economic development. The stimulation of entrepreneurial spirit can make full use of the massive information resources of the Internet, improve the ability to identify and grasp opportunities, which is conducive to the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities and the integration of resources, increase the probability of enterprise innovation, effectively mitigate entrepreneurial risk, and better play the positive impact of the Internet on the high-quality development of the economy; on the other hand, the Internet promotes entrepreneurial spirit of innovation and then promotes the high-quality development of the economy. Entrepreneurial innovation spirit accelerates the integration of the Internet and traditional industries, and realizes the high-quality development of traditional industries. The open, cooperative and innovative platform provided by the Internet is conducive to the promotion of the Internet platform economy and at the same time promotes the innovative development of traditional industries, which is more conducive to the positive promotion of the Internet on the high-quality development of the economy. In summary, the following hypothesis is proposed:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypothesis H2: The Internet will promote high quality economic development by inspiring entrepreneurship.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Threshold effect of the Internet on high-quality economic development\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen the entrepreneurial spirit is limited, the experience that the Internet can draw on for the high-quality development of the economy is also very limited, and although to a certain extent it has a positive impact on the Internet's promotion of high-quality development of the economy, this impact can still be further enhanced. When the entrepreneurial spirit is constantly active, the entrepreneur's ability to apply the Internet to the high-quality development of enterprises will also be improved, and there may be certain thresholds, when crossing these thresholds, it can make the Internet to promote the high-quality development of the economy get a qualitative enhancement, and when the entrepreneurial spirit is fully awakened, it can make the Internet to promote the high-quality development of the economy more obvious. Accordingly, the following hypothesis is proposed:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypothesis H3: The positive impact of the Internet on high-quality economic development is further enhanced when entrepreneurship is active to a certain extent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Spatial effects of the Internet on high-quality economic development\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the \"first law of geography\": everything is related to other things, the more similar things are related more closely. First, a city with a high level of high-quality development is better endowed with resources, with the flow of resources across the city, the level of high-quality development of the surrounding economy has a radiation effect, and similarly, the high-quality development of the surrounding cities can also lead to the high-quality development of the city's economy. Secondly, the Internet can break through spatial limitations, generate social network effects, connect the society and strengthen the linkage of economic activities among cities, and the popularization of Internet in surrounding cities promotes the flow of factors among cities, and the rational use of the Internet will have a positive effect on improving production efficiency and living standards, and the convenience of the network can reduce the cost of interacting with economic activities, which will lead to the high-quality development of the city's economy, forming a positive spatial spillover effect. The convenience of the network can also reduce the interaction cost of economic activities, thus promoting the high-quality development of the city's economy and forming positive spatial spillover effects. Thirdly, cities with a higher degree of Internet comprehensive development index usually have a higher rate of knowledge and human capital accumulation, and with industrial agglomeration and urban expansion, they realize resource sharing with surrounding cities and promote the high-quality development of the surrounding cities' economy, i.e., generating a positive feedback effect. In view of this, the following hypothesis is proposed:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypothesis H4-1: Cities with different levels of high-quality development are mutually reinforcing and have some spatial autocorrelation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypothesis H4-2: The Internet in surrounding cities has positive spatial spillover effects on the high-quality development of the city's economy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypothesis H4-3: The Internet in this city shows a positive feedback effect on the high-quality development of the economy of the surrounding cities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Data Description","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1. Modeling and description of relevant variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the previous theoretical analysis and research hypotheses, the benchmark regression model to test the impact of the Internet on high-quality economic development is constructed as follows:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Equa\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e \u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equa\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$${Hqeg}_{it}={\\alpha }_{0}+{\\alpha }_{1}{Itgrow}_{it}+{\\alpha }_{2}{X}_{it}+{\\mu }_{i}+{\\theta }_{t}+{\\epsilon }_{it} （1）$$\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere \u003cem\u003ei\u003c/em\u003e denotes different cities above prefecture level, \u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e denotes different years. \u003cem\u003eHqeg\u003c/em\u003e denotes the level of high-quality economic development, and \u003cem\u003eItgrow\u003c/em\u003e is the level of comprehensive development of the Internet. \u0026#119883;\u0026#119894;\u0026#119905; is the set of control variables, and \u0026#120576;\u0026#119894;\u0026#119905; is the disturbance term.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn order to further analyze the relationship between the level of comprehensive development of the Internet, entrepreneurship and the level of high-quality economic development in depth, entrepreneurship is introduced as a mediating variable on the basis of Eq.\u0026nbsp;(1), and the mediating effect model is constructed as follows:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Equb\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e \u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equb\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$${M}_{it}={\\beta }_{0}+{\\beta }_{1}{Itgrow}_{it}+{\\beta }_{2}{X}_{it}+{\\mu }_{i}+{\\theta }_{t}+{\\epsilon }_{it} （2）$$\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Equc\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e \u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equc\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$${Hqeg}_{it}={\\gamma }_{0}+{\\gamma }_{1}{Itgrow}_{it}+{\\gamma }_{2}{M}_{it}+{\\gamma }_{3}{X}_{it}+{\\mu }_{i}+{\\theta }_{t}+{\\epsilon }_{it} （3）$$\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquations\u0026nbsp;(1), (2), and (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) constitute a mediated effects model, with \u003cem\u003eM\u003c/em\u003e as the mediating variable, the \u003cem\u003e\u0026#120572;\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e ,\u003cem\u003e\u0026#120574;\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e, and \u003cem\u003e\u0026#120573;\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026#120574;\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e denote the total effect, direct effect and indirect effect of the impact of the level of comprehensive development of the Internet on the high-quality development of the economy, respectively, and the meanings of the remaining variables are consistent with Eq.\u0026nbsp;(1).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the mediating variable of entrepreneurship in the process of the level of comprehensive development of the Internet influencing the high-quality development of the economy, which may have a nonlinear effect on the level of high-quality development of the economy, a panel threshold model is constructed here to discuss it:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Equd\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e \u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equd\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$${Hqeg}_{it}={\\rho }_{0}+{\\rho }_{1}{Itgrow}_{it}+{\\rho }_{2}{Entrep}_{it}+{\\rho }_{3}{Itgrow}_{it}\\times I\\left({Entrep}_{it}\u0026lt;{\\theta }_{1}\\right)$$\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Eque\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e \u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Eque\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$+{\\rho }_{4}{Itgrow}_{it}\\times I\\left({\\theta }_{1}\\le {Entrep}_{it}\\le {\\theta }_{2}\\right)+{\\rho }_{5}{Itgrow}_{it}\\times I\\left({Entrep}_{it}\u0026gt;{\\theta }_{2}\\right)$$\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Equf\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e \u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equf\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$+{\\rho }_{6}{X}_{it}+{\\mu }_{i}+{\\theta }_{t}+{\\epsilon }_{it} （4）$$\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere \u003cem\u003eEntrep\u003c/em\u003e is the threshold variable entrepreneurship and \u0026#120579; is the threshold value, \u003cem\u003eI\u003c/em\u003e(∙) is the indicator function, \u003cem\u003eI\u003c/em\u003e takes 1 if the condition in parentheses is satisfied, and 0 otherwise. Considering the spatial factor of economic high-quality development, a spatial econometric model is constructed on the basis of the benchmark regression to examine the spatial spillover effect of Internet popularization on economic high-quality development, and in order to avoid estimation errors, the spatial Durbin model (SDM) is adopted to conduct the relevant research:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Equg\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e \u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equg\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$${lnHqeg}_{it}={\\delta }_{0}+{\\delta }_{1}{Internet}_{it}+{\\delta }_{2}{lnX}_{it}+{\\delta }_{3}\\sum _{i=1}^{284}{W}_{it}{lnHqeg}_{it}$$\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Equh\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e \u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equh\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$+{\\delta }_{4}\\sum _{i=1}^{284}{W}_{it}{Internet}_{it}+{\\delta }_{5}\\sum _{i=1}^{N}{W}_{it}{lnX}_{it}++{\\mu }_{i}+{\\theta }_{t}+{\\epsilon }_{it} （5）$$\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere. \u0026#120575;\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e is the spatial lag factor coefficient of economic high-quality development, indicating the impact of neighboring cities' economic high-quality development on this city's economic high-quality development; \u0026#120575;\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e is the spatial lag factor coefficient of the \u003cem\u003eItgrow\u003c/em\u003e, indicating the impact of \u003cem\u003eItgrow\u003c/em\u003e in neighboring cities on the high-quality development of the city's economy; \u0026#119882;\u003csub\u003e\u0026#119894;\u0026#119905;\u003c/sub\u003e is the spatial weight matrix element, where W\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e is the 0\u0026ndash;1 spatial adjacency matrix obtained by assigning a value of 1 to neighboring cities and 0 to non-neighboring cities; W\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e is the geographic inverse distance matrix based on latitude and longitude taking the inverse of the geographic distances computed using Matlab; and W\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e is the economic distance matrix based on the average of GDP per capita (\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e/capita) for the years 2009\u0026ndash;2020.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2. Measurement and description of variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2.1 Explained variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferring to Shi \u0026amp; Zhang (2019), on the basis of retaining its overall indicator system and the selection of relevant indicators, the level of high-quality development of the economy is estimated by using the principal component analysis method. The description of specific indicators is shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystem of indicators for the level of high-quality economic development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTarget level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandardized layer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndicator layer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnit (of measure)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCausality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFundamentals of development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEconomic development intensity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGDP per capita\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYuan/person\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStability of economic development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoefficient of variation of economic growth rate based on three-year rolling window calculation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e/\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRationalization of Economic development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Thiel index of urban three-industry development (Gan, Zheng, \u0026amp;Yu, 2011)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e/\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutward orientation of economic development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShare of actual foreign investment in regional GDP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e/\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial outcomes of\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edevelopment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeach\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of students enrolled in general higher education as a proportion of the total population\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e/\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoctors per 10,000 population\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersons per 10,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcological outcomes of\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edevelopment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnit gas pollution emission outputs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutput per unit of industrial sulphur dioxide emissions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMillion yuan/Ton\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnit liquid Contamination emission outputs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutput per unit of industrial wastewater discharge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMillion yuan/Ton\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnit solid pollution emission outputs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutput of industrial fume (dust) emissions per unit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMillion yuan/Ton\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2.2 Core explanatory variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet Comprehensive Development Index (\u003cem\u003eItgrow\u003c/em\u003e). Drawing on Huang, Yu, \u0026amp; Zhang (2011), the index of four dimensions, including Internet penetration, Internet-related practitioners, Internet-related output, and the number of mobile Internet users, was measured by principal component analysis (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystem of indicators for the level of high-quality economic development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandardized layer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndicator layer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnit (of measure)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCausality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet penetration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of Internet users per 100 people\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehouseholds/100 people\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet-related practitioners\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProportion of computer services and software employees\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet-related outputs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal telecommunications services per capita\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRMB/person\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of mobile Internet users\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMobile phone subscribers per 100 people\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehouseholds/100 people\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2.3 Other variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMediating variable: entrepreneurship (\u003cem\u003eEntrep\u003c/em\u003e). Drawing on Li et al. (2009), entrepreneurship is divided into entrepreneurial entrepreneurship (\u003cem\u003eEnt\u003c/em\u003e) and entrepreneurial innovation spirit (\u003cem\u003eInno\u003c/em\u003e) to measure. Among them, entrepreneurial entrepreneurship is measured by the proportion of urban private sector employment to the total population at the end of the year; entrepreneurial innovation spirit is selected to be measured by the logarithm of the number of patent applications per 10,000 people per capita. All variable definitions, symbols, and related descriptions of calculation methods are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe control variables mainly include: the level of financial development (\u003cem\u003eFin\u003c/em\u003e), measured through the ratio of deposit and loan balances of financial institutions to the regional GDP; the level of government intervention (\u003cem\u003eGov\u003c/em\u003e), measured through the share of expenditures within the general budget of the local treasury in the regional GDP; the level of industrial sophistication (\u003cem\u003eStru\u003c/em\u003e), measured through the ratio of value added of the tertiary industry to the regional GDP; the level of consumption of social retail goods (\u003cem\u003eC\u003c/em\u003e), measured through the share of social retail consumption in GDP; and the level of fixed asset investment (\u003cem\u003eI\u003c/em\u003e), measured through the ratio of social fixed asset investment to GDP.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2.4 Data sources and descriptive statistics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe annual statistical data of 284 cities above prefecture level from 2009 to 2020 are selected as the research object, with 2009 as the time node, mainly considering that the economic development before and after experiencing the financial crisis in 2008 is different, so the data after 2008 are selected for analysis. The raw data mainly come from China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), China City Statistical Yearbook, statistical yearbooks of provinces and some prefectural cities, China Research Data Service Platform (CNRDS), Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the Work of Creating Broadband China Demonstration Cities (City Clusters), and Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the Work of Creating Broadband China Demonstration Cities (City Clusters). (City Cluster), etc. Some of the missing values are made up by interpolation and the sample is shrunk by 1% up and down to eliminate extreme values.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe descriptive statistics of various related variables involved in the article are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, the maximum value of the explanatory variable economic high-quality development level (\u003cem\u003eHqeg\u003c/em\u003e) is 3.035, the minimum value is 0.218, and the average value is 0.886, with a wide range of changes, indicating that there is a gap in the level of high-quality development between different cities in China; the core explanatory variable Internet comprehensive development index (\u003cem\u003eItgrow\u003c/em\u003e) also has a wide range of differences. The maximum value is 1.429, the minimum value is 0.000, and the average value is 0.217, indicating that China's overall Internet comprehensive development index is better, but there are some differences between different cities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable definitions, symbols and calculations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esymbol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalculation method\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAverage\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStd\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMax\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplanatory variable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh-quality economic development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHqeg\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrincipal component analysis (PCA)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8859\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3553\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2176\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0354\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore explanatory variables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet comprehensive development index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eItgrow\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of Internet broadband access subscribers / Total population at the end of the year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5433\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4455\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5741\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMediating and threshold variables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntrepreneurship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEnt\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrban private sector employment / Total population at the end of the year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1411\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1339\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9699\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntrepreneurial innovation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInno\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of patent applications / Total population at the end of the year, in logarithms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9303\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1383\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0489\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1575\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl variable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of financial development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFin\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBalance of deposits and loans of financial institutions / GDP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3940\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4216\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0908\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6644\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of government intervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGov\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpenditures from the general budget of local finances / Gross Regional Product\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1987\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1085\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0439\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9155\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of industrial sophistication\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStru\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eValue added of tertiary sector / GDP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5292\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1301\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0990\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9480\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of consumption of social retail goods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal retail sales of consumer goods / Gross regional product\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3786\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1090\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9958\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of investment in\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efixed assets\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eI\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFixed Asset Investment / Gross Regional Product\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7295\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2606\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9999\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e* Data source: authors' estimates based on stata17 software, below.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Empirical findings","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.1 Benchmark regressions, robustness tests and endogeneity discussion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirstly, the fixed effect model is used to carry out the benchmark regression, and the results of the benchmark regression are shown in column (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) of Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. From the test results, it can be seen that the regression coefficient of Internet comprehensive development index is significantly positive at the 1% level, indicating that Internet comprehensive development index significantly improves high-quality economic development and verifies hypothesis H1.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn order to ensure the robustness of the impact of the Internet on the high-quality development of the economy, the methods of replacing the core explanatory variables and replacing the model were chosen for testing, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet penetration (\u003cem\u003eInternet\u003c/em\u003e) is used as a proxy variable for the Internet Comprehensive Development Index (\u003cem\u003eItgrow\u003c/em\u003e). The robustness of the regression results is further verified by comparing them with the previous benchmark regression results. As shown in column (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) of Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, after replacing the core explanatory variables, Internet penetration still has a significant positive effect on high-quality development of the economy, which is basically the same as the previous benchmark regression results, proving that the previous regression results are robust.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe robustness test is further carried out by replacing the model, based on the pilot cities of the \"Broadband China\" strategy implemented successively from 2014 to 2016. Of these, In August 2013, the State Council issued for the first time the implementation plan for the \"Broadband China\" strategy (\"Circular of the State Council on the Issuance of the \"Broadband China\" Strategy and Implementation Plan\"), and the construction of broadband network infrastructure was formally upgraded to a national strategy. From 2014 to 2016, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and the Na-tional Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) selected 120 cities (clusters) as demonstration sites in three batches over three years, and the pilot cities of the \"Broadband China\" strategy mainly include: (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) pilot cities in 2014: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Changzhutan Urban Agglomeration, Shijiazhuang, Dalian, Benxi, Yanbian Chaoyang, and Dalian City. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) Pilot cities in 2014: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chang-zhutan urban agglomeration, Shijiazhuang, Dalian, Benxi, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Harbin, Daqing, Nanjing, Suzhou, Zhenjiang, Kunshan, Jinhua, Wuhu, An-qing, Fuzhou (Pingtan), Xiamen, Quanzhou, Nanchang, Shangrao, Qingdao, Zibo, Weihai, Linyi, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Chengdu, Panzhihua, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Guiyang, Yin-chuan, Wuzhong, Ariel. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) Pilot cities in 2015: Taiyuan, Hohhot, Erdos, Anshan, Panjin, Baishan, Yangzhou, Jiaxing, Hefei, Tongling, Putian, Xinyu, Ganzhou, Dongying, Jining, Dezhou,Xinxiang, Yongcheng, Huangshi, Xiangyang, Yichang, Shiyan, Suizhou, Yueyang, Shantou, Meizhou, Dongguan, Jiangjin District of Chongqing Municipality, Rongchang District of Chongqing Municipality, Mianyang, Neijiang, Yibin, Dazhou, Yuxi and Lanzhou, Zhangye, Guyuan, Zhongwei, and Karamay. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) Pilot cities in 2016: Yangquan, Jinzhong, Wuhai, Baotou, Tongliao, Shenyang, Mudanjiang, Wuxi, Taizhou, Nantong, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Huangshan, Ma'anshan, Ji'an, Yantai, Zaozhuang, Shangqiu, Jiaozuo, Nanyang, Ezhou, Hengyang, Yiyang, Yulin, Haikou, Jiulongpo, Beibei, Ya'an, Luzhou, Nanchong, Zunyi, Wenshan Zhuangzuzizhiqu, Lhasa, Linzhi, Weinan, Wuwei, Jiuquan, Tianshui, Nanning. The multi-temporal DID model is further examined to ensure the credibility of the results of the article, and the model is constructed as follows:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Equi\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e \u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equi\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$${lnHqeg}_{it}={\\omega }_{0}+{\\omega }_{1}{DID}_{it}+{\\omega }_{2}{lnX}_{it}+{\\mu }_{i}+{\\theta }_{t}+{\\epsilon }_{it} （6）$$\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong them. \u0026#119863;\u0026#119868;\u0026#119863;\u003csub\u003e\u0026#119894;\u0026#119905;\u003c/sub\u003e = \u0026#119863;\u0026#119868;\u0026#119863;\u003csub\u003e\u0026#119894;\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026times; \u0026#119863;\u0026#119868;\u0026#119863;\u003csub\u003e\u0026#119905;\u003c/sub\u003e is a dummy variable for controlling the experimental and control groups. \u0026#119863;\u0026#119868;\u0026#119863;\u003csub\u003e\u0026#119894;\u003c/sub\u003e is the dummy variable controlling the experimental group and the control group, the city implementing the \"Broadband China\" strategy is 1, and the rest are 0; \u0026#119863;\u0026#119868;\u0026#119863;\u003csub\u003e\u0026#119905;\u003c/sub\u003e For the dummy variable controlling the time of the quasi-natural experiment, the cities implementing the \"Broadband China\" strategy are 1 for the current year and the following years, and the rest of them are 0. The meanings of the other variables are the same as those of the baseline regression, and the results of the regression, as shown in Column (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) of Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, still pass the significance test at the 1% level and the regression coefficients are positive.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample regression models may still have endogeneity problems such as mutual causation, measurement error, and omission of key explanatory variables: first, regarding possible measurement error, authoritative data are selected as much as possible and relative indicators are adopted to reduce the error. Secondly, regarding issues such as omission of key explanatory variables, control variables are added and fixed effects models are used for estimation. Therefore, the main discussion is on endogeneity caused by mutual causality, i.e., the Internet promotes high-quality economic development, and high-quality economic development may also promote the Internet in reverse. In order to analyze the main causality that exists and to weaken the impact arising from this endogeneity problem, the sample regression using two-stage least squares (2SLS) with Internet comprehensive development index lagged by one period (L. \u003cem\u003eItgrow\u003c/em\u003e) as an instrumental variable is conducted, and the regression coefficients, as shown in columns (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) of Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, are significantly positive at the 1% level and, according to the results of the LM test and the Wald test There are no weak instrumental variables and no over-identification problems. In summary, after considering the endogeneity problem, Internet comprehensive development index still shows a significant contribution to high-quality economic development, which is basically consistent with the results of the benchmark regression.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenchmark regression, robustness test and endogeneity test results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplanatory variable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplained variable: Level of high-quality economic development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenchmark regression (FE)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstitution of variables (FE)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReplacement model (DID)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndogeneity test (IV-2SLS)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet comprehensive development index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0. 2537 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0079)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet penetration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1627 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0043)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirtual variable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2145 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0082)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL. Internet comprehensive development index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3178 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0122)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of financial development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0048\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0115\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0068)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0065)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0071)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0071)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of government\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eintervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0261\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0152\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1212 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0503 **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0246)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0237)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0254)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0251)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of industrial\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esophistication\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0509\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0031\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.1403 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0298 **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0367)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0352)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0386)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0379)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of consumption of social retail goods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.1107 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0255\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0247)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0236)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0256)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0255)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of investment in\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efixed assets\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0262 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0272 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0275 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0452***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0098)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0094)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0102)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstant term (math.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7790 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4100 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8556 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6745 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0375)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0376)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0392)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0387)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eK-P value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1315.777\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLM statistic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e[0.0000]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eK-P value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2446.434\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWald statistic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e{16.38}\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithin R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2695\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3312\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1765\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e* Note: (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) Values in parentheses are robustness-adjusted t-values or z-values, and *, **, and *** indicate significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) The original hypothesis of the K-P LM test is \"H0: insufficient identification of instrumental variables\", with the corresponding p-value reported in center brackets, and the original hypothesis of the K-P F test is \"H0: weak identification of instrumental variables\", with the critical value at the 10% level of significance in curly brackets.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2 Mechanism testing\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the results of the previous empirical analysis, it indicates that the Internet has a positive driving effect on the high-quality development of the economy and is significant at the 1% level. Introducing entrepreneurship as a mediating variable, the relationship between the Internet, entrepreneurship and economic high-quality development is further explored, and the results of the mediation effect test are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom the results of mediation test, the regression coefficients of entrepreneurship in model 2 and model 4 are significantly positive at 1% level. \u0026#120573;\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e are significantly positive at the 1% level, indicating that the Internet comprehensive development index enhances entrepreneurship; the regression coefficients of entrepreneurship in model 3 and model 5 are both significantly positive at the 1% level, indicating that entrepreneurship contributes to the high-quality development of the economy. \u0026#120574;\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e The regression coefficients of entrepreneurship in model 3 and model 5 are both significantly positive at the 1% level, indicating that entrepreneurship contributes to high-quality development of the economy, and the regression coefficients of Internet comprehensive development index in model 3 and model 5 are both significantly positive at the 1% level. \u0026#120574;\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e are both significantly positive at the 1% level, so entrepreneurship plays a part of the mediating role, according to the calculation, the mediating effect of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial innovation spirit accounted for 22.24% and 14.06%, respectively, which verifies the hypothesis H2.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults of the test of mediating effect of entrepreneurship.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplanatory variable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emodel 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emodel 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emodel 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emodel 4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emodel 5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHqeg\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEnt\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHqeg\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInno\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHqeg\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet comprehensive development index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2537***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0920***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1973***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9748***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2180***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0079)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0036)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0083)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0535)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0080)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of financial development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0048\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0039\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0047\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0068)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0031)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0065)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0462)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0066)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of government\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eintervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0261\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0333***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0056\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.1636\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0321\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0246)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0111)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0237)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.1676)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0239)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0509\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0129\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0430\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0844***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0906**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0367)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0166)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0353)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.2500)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0357)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of industrial\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esophistication\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0129\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0140\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0229\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0069\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0247)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0112)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0238)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.1681)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0239)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntrepreneurship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6132***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0381)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntrepreneurial innovation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0366***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0025)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstant term (math.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7790***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1091***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7120***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8232***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7488***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0375)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0169)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0363)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.2554)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0364)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithin R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2695\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1969\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3255\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1078\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3149\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.3 Threshold effects\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor further testing of hypothesis H3, the number of thresholds was gradually increased to determine the threshold value. In this case, the triple threshold test for both entrepreneurial entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial innovation spirit is not significant. The triple threshold test for entrepreneurial innovation spirit is not significant, and Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e shows the results of the threshold estimation for both. The results show that there is a double threshold for both entrepreneurial entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial innovation spirit, and the two thresholds for entrepreneurial entrepreneurship are 0.1745 and 0.4353; the two thresholds for entrepreneurial innovation spirit are 1.9428 and 3.9991, respectively. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e shows the results of the threshold regression, and it can be seen from Columns (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) that when entrepreneurship is elevated to a certain degree, the Internet comprehensive development index shows a more pronounced positive impact on the economic high-quality development, presenting a kind of non-linear threshold characteristics, which verifies the hypothesis H3.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults of threshold estimation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThreshold\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emodel\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThreshold\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eF-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThreshold value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntrepreneurship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle threshold\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1850\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3917\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6259\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.1563\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDouble threshold\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1745; 0.4353\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e115.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.0798\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5654\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2684\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriple threshold\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1430; 0.2433; 0.4353\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4275\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3214\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.7269\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.8078\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntrepreneurial innovation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle threshold\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9991\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1705\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.8271\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.1980\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDouble threshold\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9991; 1.9428\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0175\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.9179\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.7328\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.8757\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriple threshold\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9991; 0.8122; 1.7592\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e128.2983\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e155.7046\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e189.6852\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e* Note: (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) P-values and critical values were obtained using Bootstrap iterative sampling 400 times; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) Each threshold check process recorrects the previous threshold when a new threshold is recognized.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThreshold regression results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplanatory variable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThreshold variables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(1)Entrepreneurship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(2)Entrepreneurial innovation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet comprehensive development index _1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1382 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1420 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0044)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0048)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet comprehensive development index _2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1684 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1559 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0042)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0043)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet comprehensive development index _3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1382 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1820 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0056)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0052)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of financial development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0042\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0062)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0064)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of government intervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0267\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0044\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0247)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0232)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of advanced industrial\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003estructure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0349\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0488\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0337)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0346)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of consumption of social retail goods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.0034\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0226)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0231)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of investment in fixed\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eassets\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0220 **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0260 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0090)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0092)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstant term (math.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4693 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4853 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0362)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0375)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithin R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3889\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3598\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eF-statistics value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.4 Space effects\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn order to explore the possible spatial correlation, the global Moran's I is first used to test whether there is spatial autocorrelation between different levels of high-quality economic development, and the test results are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e. According to the global Moran's index, it can be seen that the global Moran's index between different cities are all significantly positive at the 1% level, so the level of high-quality development of the economy of each city shows a positive spatial autocorrelation between the levels of high-quality development of the economy, that is, the level of high-quality development of the economy of each city promotes each other, which verifies the hypothesis H4-1.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal Moran's Index (Moran's I), 2009\u0026ndash;2020.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoran\u0026rsquo;s I\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoran\u0026rsquo;s I\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoran\u0026rsquo;s I\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZ-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.436 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.104 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.520 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.416 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.528\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.100 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.386\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.536 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.086\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.391 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.904\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.093 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.291\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.549 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.574\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.388 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.809\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.092 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.196\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.552 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.676\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.419 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.675\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.090 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.479 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.091\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.365 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.083 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.640\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.574 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.495\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.386 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.775\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.087 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.309\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.589 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.036\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.392 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.922\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.088 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.504\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.579 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.662\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.389 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.842\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.088 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.508\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.576 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.568\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.387 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.793\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.090 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.784\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.579 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.644\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.420 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.607\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.105 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.539 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.176\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.437 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.043\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.115 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.786\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.530 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.821\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe regression results of the spatial Durbin model are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e: the fitting effect of the spatial Durbin model is better than that of the fixed effects model. The autoregressive coefficients of the level of high-quality economic development are all significantly positive when using different matrices, such as the spatial adjacency matrix W\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e, the geographic inverse distance matrix W\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e and the economic distance matrix W\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, indicating that there is a significant spatial correlation in high-quality economic development, which is consistent with the results of the previous analysis of the Moran index. The spatial spillover effect of Internet popularization on economic high-quality development is significantly positive when regressed using different matrices, indicating that the Internet in surrounding cities will drive the economic high-quality development of core cities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults of SDM model test for spatial effects.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplanatory variable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplained variable: Level of high-quality economic development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSDM (W\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSDM (W\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSDM (W\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW \u0026middot; High-quality\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eeconomic development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5799 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9557 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4517 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0157)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0126)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0290)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet comprehensive development index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0205 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0202 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0396 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0071)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0076)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0079)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW \u0026middot;Internet comprehensive development index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0221 *\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4376 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0697 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0125)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0696)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0236)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl variable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithin R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2733\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4639\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3833\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSince the spatial correlation coefficient of the spatial lag term is not accurate enough to reflect the spatial spillover effect directly, it is necessary to decompose the resulting effect. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab10\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e shows the results of the analysis of the impact effect of the core explanatory variable Internet comprehensive development index, the direct effect reflects the effect of Internet comprehensive development index in this city on the high-quality development of the city's economy, which are all significant at the 1% level, and verifies the hypothesis H4-1 together with the global Moran index in the previous section; the indirect effect reflects the effect of the Internet comprehensive development index in the surrounding cities on the high-quality development of the city's economy, which is a driving effect. That is, positive spatial spillover effect, which verifies the hypothesis H4-2; at the same time, Internet popularization in this city will also form a kind of reverse spillover effect on the high-quality development of the surrounding cities' economy, i.e., feedback effect, according to the difference between the direct effect and the estimated coefficient can be found out the magnitude of the feedback effect, all of which are positive feedback, which verifies the hypothesis H4-3.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab10\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 10\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults of the analysis of the effects of the core explanatory variables.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpatial weighting matrix\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(physics)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimated coefficient\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeedback effect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect effect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndirect effect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal effect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe spatial neighborhood weight matrix W\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0205 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0266 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0728 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0995 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0071)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0079)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0271)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0312)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeographic inverse distance weight moments W\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0174 **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0438\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0612 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1132 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1744 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0081)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0171)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(4.2862)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(4.3014)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe economic distance weight matrix W\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0380 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0068\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0448 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1546 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1994 ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0088)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0084)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0438)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.0471)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e* Tables may have a footer.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusions and policy recommendations","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.1 Conclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina's Internet continues to be popularized, and broadband and other information infrastructures continue to sink from cities to villages, expanding regional coverage and forming a huge scale of Internet users, which provides a powerful endogenous impetus for promoting China's high-quality economic development. Using principal component analysis to measure the level of high-quality economic development and explore the impact of the Internet on high-quality economic development and the key role played by entrepreneurship therein, the annual panel data of 284 prefectural-level cities above the national level from 2009 to 2020 are selected to conduct an empirical analysis based on the relationship between the Internet, entrepreneurship and high-quality economic development. The results show that (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) on the whole, the Internet promotes high-quality development of the economy; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) the Internet promotes high-quality development of the economy by inspiring entrepreneurship; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) along with the enhancement of entrepreneurial activity to a certain degree, the positive impact of the Internet on high-quality development of the economy will be more obvious; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) high-quality development of the economy in different cities promotes each other; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) the Internet in the surrounding cities has a positive spatial spillover effect on the city's economic (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) The Internet in surrounding cities has a positive spatial spillover effect on the high-quality development of the city's economy, and the popularization of the Internet in this city has a positive feedback effect on the high-quality development of the surrounding cities' economy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.2 Policy recommendations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the relevant research in this paper, the following policy recommendations are made: First, accelerate the construction of new digital infrastructure and strengthen the research and development of key core technologies. New information infrastructure construction as an important strategic resource to support the development of the digital economy, determines the height, breadth and depth of the development of the digital economy, should accelerate the indepth integration of Internet technology and modern service industry, actively develop personalized service products, and gradually promote the application of Internet technology to drive the innovative development of the service industry and the high-quality development of the economy. Formulate technology research and development support policies, give support to scientific research projects, guide and support platform enterprises to increase digital R\u0026amp;D investment, support the construction of high-level industrial Internet infrastructure, meet the demand for industrial Internet data, improve the financial support policies for industrial Internet platforms, give full play to the utility of the Internet, and drive the high-quality development of the economy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondly, the layout of Internet infrastructure should be coordinated, and different cities should work together for coordinated development. On the one hand, there are still significant differences in the degree of Internet comprehensive development index in different cities in China, through Internet comprehensive development index to shorten the information gap between different cities. Promote the high-quality development of the economy; on the other hand, China is currently in a special period of transition from high-speed development to high-quality development stage, Internet comprehensive development index will undoubtedly enhance the level of technological innovation and high-quality development of the economy, however, there is still an uneven distribution of network talents in different cities, for this kind of problem can be combined with the government agencies, schools and enterprises, etc. to participate in the cultivation of talents, to reduce the shortage of talents. Reserve the power of talents and realize the high-quality coordinated development among different cities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThirdly, improve the incentive mechanism for entrepreneurs and carry forward the spirit of outstanding entrepreneurship. First, establish an honor system for entrepreneurs. According to the law, qualified entrepreneurs should enjoy the right to participate in politics and receive recognition, and excellent entrepreneurs should be given special support to encourage their significant contributions., highlight the cultivation of new-generation entrepreneurs, and pay attention to the selection, cultivation and use of reserve talents., follow the law of entrepreneurial growth, adapt to the new era, new concepts, and new requirements, and select a number of excellent new-generation entrepreneurs every year, and conduct regular entrepreneurship training and talent incubation; secondly, establish a fault-tolerance mechanism for entrepreneurs. Incubation; Secondly, establish a fault-tolerance mechanism for entrepreneurs. Create a good atmosphere that encourages entrepreneurship and innovation and respects entrepreneurship, increase the tolerance of mistakes and failures in the legal operation of entrepreneurs, protect entrepreneurs' innovation rights and interests in accordance with the law, protect the achievements of intellectual property rights, severely investigate and deal with cases of infringement and counterfeiting, increase the cost of intellectual property rights infringement, and provide practical and effective legal protection for the achievements of entrepreneurs; and lastly, improve the market-based incentive mechanism. Clean up, resolutely investigate and deal with, and exclude and restrict competition behaviors in accordance with the law, promote the benign development of enterprises, and make achievements for the high-quality development of the economy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability Statement:\u003c/strong\u003e The raw data mainly come from China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), China City Statistical Yearbook, statistical yearbooks of provinces and some prefectural cities, China Research Data Service Platform (CNRDS), Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the Work of Creating Broad-band China Demonstration Cities (City Clusters), and Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the Work of Creating Broadband China Demonstration Cities (City Clusters). (City Cluster), etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e Conceptualization, J.C.; methodology, J.C.; software, J.C.; validation, J.C.; formal analysis, J.C.; investigation, J.C.; resources, J.C.; data curation, J.C.; writing\u0026mdash;original draft preparation, J.C.; writing\u0026mdash;review and editing, J.C.; visualization, J.C.; supervision, C.K.; project administration, C.K.; funding acquisition, C.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e National Social Science Foundation Youth Program \u0026quot;Research on Digital Integration of the Elderly under the Perspective of Smart Pension\u0026quot; (23CSH064); National Social Science Foundation Youth Program \u0026quot;Study on Measuring and Preventing the Risk of Low-Carbon Transition under the Goal of \u0026apos;Dual-Carbon Low-Carbon Transition Risk Measurement and Prevention Research\u0026quot; (22CTJ009); \u0026quot;Population Aging and High-Quality Development of China\u0026apos;s Resource-Based Cities: A Heterogeneity Analysis in the Context of Digital Economy\u0026quot;, Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Project, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics. \u0026quot;.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformed Consent Statement:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe author would like to thank Chenyu Kang for his insightful comments and feedback on the first draft of this paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of Interest:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCheng, W. 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Economic Research, (10): 99\u0026ndash;108.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Internet, High quality economic development, Entrepreneurship, Threshold model, Spatial Durbin model","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3821392/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3821392/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe Internet, as an important infrastructure for the development of digital economy, is crucial in the process of economic high-quality development. The annual panel data of 284 cities above prefecture level in China from 2009 to 2020 are selected as the research object, and the principal component analysis method is used to measure the indicators of high-quality development of the economy; at the same time, fixed effect, mediation effect, threshold effect and spatial Durbin model are established, and entrepreneurship is included in the research system to explore the Internet, entrepreneurship and high-quality development of the economy The relationship between the Internet, entrepreneurship and economic high-quality development. The results of the study show that: (1) overall, the Internet promotes high-quality economic development; (2) the Internet will promote high-quality economic development by inspiring entrepreneurship, and when entrepreneurship is active to a certain extent, the positive impact of the Internet on high-quality economic development will be more obvious; (3) the level of high-quality development of neighboring economies promotes each other, and the Internet of the surrounding cities has a favorable impact on the high-quality development of the city's economy. favorable impact, this city Internet will, also promote the surrounding economic high-quality development. Therefore, high-quality economic development can be promoted by accelerating the construction of new digital infrastructure, coordinating the layout of Internet infrastructure and improving the incentive mechanism for entrepreneurs.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Internet, entrepreneurship and high-quality economic development","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-01-18 14:08:10","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3821392/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c6e774f3-6cb3-49f7-b70f-69ab3743a2ed","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 18th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":28197802,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences"},{"id":28197803,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences/Environmental economics"},{"id":28197804,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences/Sustainability"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-05-29T03:08:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-01-18 14:08:10","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3821392","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3821392","identity":"rs-3821392","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}