Enhancing Spectrum Sensing using Multiplex Relay Coded Protocol with Full Duplex and Half Duplex in Cognitive Radio Networks

Enhancing Spectrum Sensing using Multiplex Relay Coded Protocol with Full Duplex and Half Duplex in Cognitive Radio Networks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Enhancing Spectrum Sensing using Multiplex Relay Coded Protocol with Full Duplex and Half Duplex in Cognitive Radio Networks Dr J DAPHNEY JOANN JONES, M.BALASUBRAMANIAN MUNISAMY This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3861363/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In a Cognitive radio network (CRN) the priority of radio frequency spectrum is assigned between Primary User (PU) and Secondary User (SU) to improve the competence of spectrum usage. Secondary users are meant to share the vacant frequency spectrum of the primary user. Due to the high computational complexity involved in regulating the best possible secondary users through spectrum sensing, we propose a “Multiplex Relay Coded “Protocol to concurrently sense and acquire the available spectrum. The MRC protocol makes use of both Full-Duplex (FD) and Half-Duplex (HD) techniques for dynamic spectrum sharing. A cooperative full-duplex/half-duplex communication switching Scheduling based on threshold and power allotment is examined to maximize the spectrum allocation of cognitive radio networks. The full-duplex improves spectrum usage but suffers from self-interference and half-duplex is preferred when there is a congested network to overcome collision. Simulation results show the sensing detection by analyzing the Probability of Detection with Probability of False Alarm, the spectrum usage between Primary User and Secondary User thus improving spectrum efficiency. Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) Half Duplex (HD) Full Duplex (FD) Primary User (PU) Secondary User (SU) Multiplex Relay Coded Protocol (MRC) Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 06 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 14 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 17 Jan, 2024 First submitted to journal 13 Jan, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3861363","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":267743656,"identity":"bd900b35-733d-4f75-833e-585ee894b68d","order_by":0,"name":"Dr J DAPHNEY JOANN JONES","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAwxsIIoZzPkAxGzspGhhnAHSwkykFjBg5kFYiBvwHT977HFBxWF2fnYgw+bXNnk+ZgbGDx9zcGuRPJOXbjzjzGFmyR4gI7fvtmEbMwOz5MxtuLUYHMgxk+ZtO8wMZuT23GYEamFj5sWn5fwboJZ/QC0ghmXPbXvCWm6AbGkAagExGH7cTiSoRfLGuzRpnmPpzJIz3phJ9jbcTm5jZmzG6xe+87nHpHlqrJP5+XPMJH78uW07v7354IePeLQwMIDjojkZzGZsA5MN+NTDtNTZQTh/CCgeBaNgFIyCEQkAamZNuBkL3G8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ,MELVISHRAM,RANIPET","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"Dr","firstName":"J","middleName":"DAPHNEY JOANN","lastName":"JONES","suffix":""},{"id":267743657,"identity":"0179c945-cb19-4b42-827c-f4f3e18e4346","order_by":1,"name":"M.BALASUBRAMANIAN MUNISAMY","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"GOVERMENT ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE ,JAMBUKULAM ,RANIPET","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"M.BALASUBRAMANIAN","middleName":"","lastName":"MUNISAMY","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-01-13 21:44:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3861363/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3861363/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":49874487,"identity":"61524e91-b75b-4dd9-a4a1-6775fa16b17c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-01-19 13:07:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":552349,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"MRCprotocolpaperplag2correctedforwireless.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3861363/v1_covered_7b85690b-44f0-45f0-888c-058cb39e3a40.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Enhancing Spectrum Sensing using Multiplex Relay Coded Protocol with Full Duplex and Half Duplex in Cognitive Radio Networks","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"wireless-networks","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wine","sideBox":"Learn more about [Wireless Networks](http://link.springer.com/journal/11276)","snPcode":"11276","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11276/3","title":"Wireless Networks","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Cognitive Radio Network (CRN), Half Duplex (HD), Full Duplex (FD), Primary User (PU), Secondary User (SU), Multiplex Relay Coded Protocol (MRC)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3861363/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3861363/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn a Cognitive radio network (CRN) the priority of radio frequency spectrum is assigned between Primary User (PU) and Secondary User (SU) to improve the competence of spectrum usage. Secondary users are meant to share the vacant frequency spectrum of the primary user. Due to the high computational complexity involved in regulating the best possible secondary users through spectrum sensing, we propose a \u0026ldquo;Multiplex Relay Coded \u0026ldquo;Protocol to concurrently sense and acquire the available spectrum. The MRC protocol makes use of both Full-Duplex (FD) and Half-Duplex (HD) techniques for dynamic spectrum sharing. A cooperative full-duplex/half-duplex communication switching Scheduling based on threshold and power allotment is examined to maximize the spectrum allocation of cognitive radio networks. The full-duplex improves spectrum usage but suffers from self-interference and half-duplex is preferred when there is a congested network to overcome collision. Simulation results show the sensing detection by analyzing the Probability of Detection with Probability of False Alarm, the spectrum usage between Primary User and Secondary User thus improving spectrum efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Enhancing Spectrum Sensing using Multiplex Relay Coded Protocol with Full Duplex and Half Duplex in Cognitive Radio Networks","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-01-19 12:59:29","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3861363/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-07T03:33:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"163520196240557489675172819743502345366","date":"2026-04-28T07:52:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"121211453602654400558547528651778481379","date":"2026-04-28T06:22:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"12061006731950454051867641099737069234","date":"2026-04-26T08:08:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-15T08:39:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-14T14:32:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-01-18T02:34:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Wireless Networks","date":"2024-01-13T21:37:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"wireless-networks","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wine","sideBox":"Learn more about [Wireless Networks](http://link.springer.com/journal/11276)","snPcode":"11276","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11276/3","title":"Wireless Networks","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b864beaf-cd48-48e6-8cec-a753ff22b936","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 19th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-01-19T12:59:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-01-19 12:59:29","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3861363","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3861363","identity":"rs-3861363","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}