Ordering-Driven Biaxial Strain Engineering in PtNi Intermetallic Nanowires for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis

Ordering-Driven Biaxial Strain Engineering in PtNi Intermetallic Nanowires for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Ordering-Driven Biaxial Strain Engineering in PtNi Intermetallic Nanowires for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis Kezhu Jiang, Xing Hu, Shize Geng, Yu Cao, Yibo Liu, Ruifan Li, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8293337/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Precise regulation of lattice strain in platinum (Pt)-based intermetallic catalysts is essential for optimizing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance, yet strain evolution during atomic ordering is often simplified as isotropic compression, masking its structural complexity. Herein, we address this critical gap by systematically modulating the ordering degree of PtNi nanowires by hydrogen-mediated annealing, obtaining continuously tunable ordering from 4.5% to 65.8% without structural coarsening. A key finding that breaks with long-standing paradigms is the emergence of characteristic biaxial strain during the disorder-to-order transition, distinct from the universally assumed isotropic compression. Specifically, this transition induces in-plane lattice expansion coupled with out-of-plane lattice contraction; as ordering degree increases, this biaxial strain progressively relaxes the compressive stress on the catalytically active (111) surface, rather than amplifying it as traditional models predict. This anomalous strain evolution modulates the electronic structure of Pt, optimizing the Pt d-band center, resolving the core issue of disordered PtNi alloys with excessive compression, and weakening oxygen intermediate binding. The highly ordered PtNi nanowires deliver a mass activity of 1.30 A mg Pt -1 and maintain nearly unchanged activity after 30,000 cycles for ORR, while achieving a peak power density of 1014.5 mW cm -2 in the membrane electrode assembly. This work identifies tunable ordering-induced biaxial strain as a critical structural parameter for designing high-performance Pt-based ORR catalysts. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology/Fuel cells Physical sciences/Materials science/Nanoscale materials/Nanowires Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SI20251203.pdf Supporting Information for Ordering-Driven Biaxial Strain Engineering in PtNi Intermetallic Nanowires for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8293337","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":556970859,"identity":"c1af3388-d05a-454f-8459-3ee81efb6ed7","order_by":0,"name":"Kezhu 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Strain Engineering in PtNi Intermetallic Nanowires for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research 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Herein, we address this critical gap by systematically modulating the ordering degree of PtNi nanowires by hydrogen-mediated annealing, obtaining continuously tunable ordering from 4.5% to 65.8% without structural coarsening. A key finding that breaks with long-standing paradigms is the emergence of characteristic biaxial strain during the disorder-to-order transition, distinct from the universally assumed isotropic compression. Specifically, this transition induces in-plane lattice expansion coupled with out-of-plane lattice contraction; as ordering degree increases, this biaxial strain progressively relaxes the compressive stress on the catalytically active (111) surface, rather than amplifying it as traditional models predict. This anomalous strain evolution modulates the electronic structure of Pt, optimizing the Pt d-band center, resolving the core issue of disordered PtNi alloys with excessive compression, and weakening oxygen intermediate binding. The highly ordered PtNi nanowires deliver a mass activity of 1.30 A mg\u003csub\u003ePt\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e and maintain nearly unchanged activity after 30,000 cycles for ORR, while achieving a peak power density of 1014.5 mW cm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e in the membrane electrode assembly. This work identifies tunable ordering-induced biaxial strain as a critical structural parameter for designing high-performance Pt-based ORR catalysts.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Ordering-Driven Biaxial Strain Engineering in PtNi Intermetallic Nanowires for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-09 03:10:08","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8293337/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"51cdf098-d92e-4d3c-a0bb-5025e207ac57","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 9th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":59276423,"name":"Physical sciences/Energy science and technology/Fuel cells"},{"id":59276424,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science/Nanoscale materials/Nanowires"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-22T02:10:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-09 03:10:08","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8293337","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8293337","identity":"rs-8293337","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}