Phytochemical Constituents, Proximate Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Costus Afer (Monkey Sugar Cane) on Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Phytochemical Constituents, Proximate Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Costus Afer (Monkey Sugar Cane) on Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Phytochemical Constituents, Proximate Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Costus Afer (Monkey Sugar Cane) on Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae Masikoro Collins Oghenekparobor This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7843092/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract According to ethnomedicine and traditional medicine, there are ways to strengthen the body's innate defences against microbial infections. A number of medicinal plants have been reported to possess antimicrobial activities (Nyanayo, 2006). This study aimed at determining the phytochemical constituents, proximate composition, and the antimicrobial activity of costus afer (commonly referred to as monkey sugarcane) on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae . The plant samples were collected from a farmyard in Ughelli Delta state, samples where air dried for ethanol and aqueous extraction, the Soxhlet extraction method was used and the phytochemical constituents as well as the proximate analysis were determined using standard methods. The antibacterial activities of the ethanol and aqueous extract on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae , was determined by the disk diffusion method. The result of this study revealed the presence of phytochemicals constituents including; flavonoids (10.50 µg/ml, 10.13µg/ml, 10.50µg/ml), saponins (0.95%, 1.02%, 1.02%,), alkaloids (1.45%, 1.20% and 1.20%), tannins (76.78 µg/ml, 78.34 µg/ml, 80.12 µg/ml), phenols (5.06 µg/ml, 5.15 µg/ml, 5.09 µg/ml) and glycosides (34.8 mg/100g, 35.60mg/100g, 37.81mg/100g). Proximate analysis revealed a moisture content of; 23.11%, 23.25%, 22.90%, crude protein content of 8.12% 7.98%, 7.83%, ash content was; 11.04% 10.86%, 10.80%, crude protein was; 3.76% 3.85%, 3.81%, fat was; 0.71%, 0.78%, 0.69%, while carbohydrate content accounted for; 53.26%, 53.28%, 53.97% of its total composition. The antimicrobial activity of Costus afer on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae , showed that the organism was not sensitive to the ethanol and aqueous extract. The bacterial isolates showed greater resistance to commercially available antibiotics with Ciprofloxacin being the most effective against Escherichia coli , on the other hand Klebsiella pneumoniae , was resistant to all antibiotics used in the susceptibility test. The result of this study therefore shows that Costus afer does not have antimicrobial effect on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae . General Microbiology Analytical Biochemistry Costus afer Monkey sugarcane Phytochemical analysis Proximate composition Antimicrobial activity Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Ethanol extract Aqueous extract Disk diffusion method Traditional medicine Medicinal plants Antibiotic resistance Ethnomedicine Soxhlet extraction Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7843092","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":529321906,"identity":"ebfd4adc-431f-4050-a559-5cfe3a9ee147","order_by":0,"name":"Masikoro Collins 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A number of medicinal plants have been reported to possess antimicrobial activities (Nyanayo, 2006). This study aimed at determining the phytochemical constituents, proximate composition, and the antimicrobial activity of \u003cem\u003ecostus afer\u003c/em\u003e (commonly referred to as monkey sugarcane) on \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella pneumoniae\u003c/em\u003e. The plant samples were collected from a farmyard in Ughelli Delta state, samples where air dried for ethanol and aqueous extraction, the Soxhlet extraction method was used and the phytochemical constituents as well as the proximate analysis were determined using standard methods. The antibacterial activities of the ethanol and aqueous extract on \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella pneumoniae\u003c/em\u003e, was determined by the disk diffusion method. The result of this study revealed the presence of phytochemicals constituents including; flavonoids (10.50 µg/ml, 10.13µg/ml, 10.50µg/ml), saponins (0.95%, 1.02%, 1.02%,), alkaloids (1.45%, 1.20% and 1.20%), tannins (76.78 µg/ml, 78.34 µg/ml, 80.12 µg/ml), phenols (5.06 µg/ml, 5.15 µg/ml, 5.09 µg/ml) and glycosides (34.8 mg/100g, 35.60mg/100g, 37.81mg/100g). Proximate analysis revealed a moisture content of; 23.11%, 23.25%, 22.90%, crude protein content of 8.12% 7.98%, 7.83%, ash content was; 11.04% 10.86%, 10.80%, crude protein was; 3.76% 3.85%, 3.81%, fat was; 0.71%, 0.78%, 0.69%, while carbohydrate content accounted for; 53.26%, 53.28%, 53.97% of its total composition. The antimicrobial activity of \u003cem\u003eCostus afer\u003c/em\u003e on \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella pneumoniae\u003c/em\u003e, showed that the organism was not sensitive to the ethanol and aqueous extract. The bacterial isolates showed greater resistance to commercially available antibiotics with Ciprofloxacin being the most effective against \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e, on the other hand \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella pneumoniae\u003c/em\u003e, was resistant to all antibiotics used in the susceptibility test. The result of this study therefore shows that \u003cem\u003eCostus afer\u003c/em\u003e does not have antimicrobial effect on \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella pneumoniae\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Phytochemical Constituents, Proximate Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Costus Afer (Monkey Sugar Cane) on Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2025-10-20 21:17:09","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7843092/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-14 08:46:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7843092/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"25c40860-a287-46d5-96d3-2e15137e223d","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 20th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":56259711,"name":"General Microbiology"},{"id":56259712,"name":"Analytical Biochemistry"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-14T08:46:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-20 21:17:09","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-7843092","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7843092","identity":"rs-7843092","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}