Curtobacterium salicis name sp. nov., isolated from willow tree stems in Washington state

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The WW7 strain shows growth in the temperature range between 4 and 30°C, a pH range of 6–7.7, and tolerates up to 5.5% (w/v) of NaCl. The genome sequencing of strain WW7 revealed a genome size of approximately 3.8 Mbp and a G + C content of 71.3 mol%. The phylogenomic analyses support the WW7 affiliation to a novel Curtobacterium lineage, with C. herbarum being the closest type-strain. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicates that WW7 capacity to assimilate carbohydrates was similar to the type strains, i.e. C. luteum , C. albidum , and C. flaccumfaciens , while no assimilation of the organic acids succinate, alpha-Ketobutyrate, mono methyl-succinate, and lactate was observed. Finally, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis identifies anteiso-C 15:0 and anteiso-C 17:0 major cellular fatty acids (FAs) which is a common feature for members of the Curtobacterium genus. Based on the results of phylogenomic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain WW7 represents a novel Curtobacterium lineage, for which the name Curtobacterium salicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WW7 PP (DSM 34805 PP - NRRL B-68078 PP ). Curtobacterium Endophyte Willow Phyllosphere Taxonomy Metabolism. Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction The genus Curtobacterium comprises Gram-positive aerobic corynebacteria of the Microbacteriaceae family. Currently, Curtobacterium includes 9 well-defined species: C. flaccumfaciens , C. albidum , C. ammoniigenes , C. citreum , C. herbarum , C. luteum , C. oceanosedimentum , C. allii , and C. pusillum all having a genome size between 3.4 and 3.8 Mbp and an average GC content of ~ 70%. Curtobacterium are commonly isolated from terrestrial environments such as soil and plants, as epiphytic and endophytic bacteria (Chase et al. 2016 ), and, only in one documented apparently rare case, from humans (Francis et al. 2011 ). Although most of the Curtobacterium species are soil inhabitants, most of the information we have about this genus comes from C. flaccumfaciens , a plant pathogen of economically important crops (i.e., dry beans and sugar beet), and ornamental plants (i.e., poinsettia and tulip) (Osdaghi et al. 2018 ). However, according to the v214 of the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) (Parks et al. 2022a ), the Curtobacterium genus currently accounts for 52 species 28 of which are singletons, i.e., currently represented only by one single type-strain genome. Therefore, despite being commonly referenced as a phytopathogen, there is evidence suggesting that several, as yet uncharacterized, Curtobacterium species may play other important ecological roles (Chase et al. 2016 ; South et al. 2021 ; Scales et al. 2022 ; Chandel et al. 2022 ). Here we describe one such example wherein Curtobacterium strain WW7, was isolated from a healthy wild willow ( Salix sitchensis ) tree growing in a native environment for the Salicis genera, Populus and Salix , in 2005 in the state of Washington (Doty et al. 2009 ). The genome of WW7 was sequenced in 2014 within a cooperation project founded by the Joint Genome Institute, which aimed to characterize diazotrophic aboveground endophytes in native pines, poplar, and willow (https://www.osti.gov/award-doi-service/biblio/ 10.46936/10.25585/60000936 ). Phylogenomic analysis supports the identification of strain WW7 as representative of a new Curtobacterium taxonomic lineage. Compared to other Curtobacterium species, strain WW7 shows broader capacities to assimilate carbon sources, especially monosaccharides and amino acids, while its lipid content was remarkably similar to other Curtobacterium type-strains and, more in general, to members of the Microbacteriaceae family. Based on both phylogenomic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we propose strain WW7 as a member of Curtobacterium salicis sp. nov . Methods Genome sequencing, assembly, and functional annotation The whole-genome sequencing of the strain WW7 was performed at the Joint Genome Institute (JGI, U.S. Department of Energy), using an Illumina NovaSeq in paired-end mode (PE x 150) achieving a sequencing coverage of 430×. High-quality Illumina reads were assembled with the SPAdes v. 3.13.0 genome assembler (Bankevich et al. 2012 ), and the resulting scaffolds were annotated using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) (Li et al. 2021 ). Phylogenomic analysis A phylogenomic analysis was performed using the Type Strain Genome Server (TYGS) database and the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB-tk) (Meier-Kolthoff and Göker 2019 ; Parks et al. 2022b ). TYGS was used to calculate pairwise digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values using the d4 formula described in Meier-Kolthoff et al. 2013 (Meier-Kolthoff et al. 2013 ). The de novo workflow pipeline implemented in GTDB-tk was used to identify, align, and concatenate 120 phylogenetically informative markers in WW7 and in the representative members of the Curtobacterium genus according to the GTDB-tk database v214 . The resulting alignment file was finally used to compute a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree in IQ-TREE (Nguyen et al. 2015 ) under the WAG model with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Physiology and chemotaxonomic analysis The colorimetric assay described in Varga et al. (Varga et al. 2020 ) was used to test the capacity of WW7 to solubilize the insoluble phosphate salts aluminum [AlPO 4 ], tri-calcium [Ca 3 (PO4) 2 ] and iron phosphate [FePO 4 ]. Assimilation of carbon sources and tolerance to osmotic stresses was performed using the Biolog PM1 and PM9 plates, respectively, according to manufacturer instructions. The Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) analysis was performed following the MIDI Microbial Identification System guidelines. Results and discussion Isolation and ecology WW7 strain was isolated in 2005 from willow tree cuttings inhabiting the riparian zone of the Snoqualmie River (+ 47° 31' 14.30", -121° 46' 28.32") (Three Forks Park, King County; WA). This area is characterized by a moist-cool (mesic) climate (Firrincieli et al. 2020 ). The collection site is typically subjected to regular floodings, exposing bare mineral soils and gravel bars on which the pioneer plant genera, Populus and Salix, commonly grow (Doty et al. 2009 ). The river water and the rocky substrate are also characterized by low levels of nitrogen, which makes these trees interesting for the study of plant-associated bacteria capable of improving plant adaptation to low-nutrient soil (Doty et al. 2009 ). The isolation strategy used for Curtobacterium strain WW7 is described in Doty et al. 2009 (Doty et al. 2009 ). Briefly, tree branch cuttings were allowed to sprout in nitrogen-free medium, and branches of the new growth were collected, surface sterilized, and placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar plates. Morphologically distinct colonies forming on MS plates were streak-purified on Yeast Mannitol Agar, and the resulting isolates were finally stored in rich-media glycerol stock at – 80 ºC. 16S RNA phylogeny and phylogenomic analysis As reported in another study (Scales et al. 2022 ), phylogenetic analysis on 16S rRNA provides very limited information regarding the intra-species variability within the Curtobacterium genus. Despite this, 16S rRNA phylogenies show a clear separation of the WW7 strain from the representative members of the Curtobacterium genus (Fig. 1 ). Pairwise digital DNA-DNA hybridization values (dDDH, d4 formula) calculated through TYGS were below the species delineation threshold of 70% (Table 1 ) (Meier-Kolthoff and Göker 2019 ), supporting the lack of affiliation of WW7 to other Curtobcaterium type-strain, and with C. herbarum DSM 14013 being the closest representative genome which was isolated in Germany from the grass leaf phyllo-sphere (Behrendt et al. 2002 ). Table 1 dDDH values of strain WW7 vs. Curtobacterium type strains Type strain dDDH (d4, in %) 1 C.I. (d4, in %) C. herbarum DSM 14013 43.1 [40.6–45.7] C. flaccumfaciens LMG 3645 24.7 [22.4–27.2] C. flaccumfaciens CFBP 3418 24.7 [22.4–27.2] C. albidum DSM 20512 24.5 [22.1–26.9] C. pusillum ATCC 19096 24.5 [22.2–27.0] C. citreum DSM 20528 24.4 [22.1–26.9] C. citreum JCM 1345 24.4 [22.1–26.8] 1 The d4 formula was chosen because it is independent of genome length and therefore, robust against the use of draft genomes (Meier-Kolthoff et al. 2013 ). In agreement with TYGS, GTDB identifies WW7 as the representative strain of a novel Curtobacterium species cluster i.e., Curtobacterium flaccumfacies_C , ( https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/species?id=Curtobacterium%20flaccumfaciens_C ). The phylogenetic consensus tree calculated from the concatenated alignment of 120 ubiquitous bacterial genes places the WW7 strain within a branch including mostly uncharacterized Curtobacterium species and C. herbarum . This cluster includes isolates obtained from leaf litter associated soil samples, stratosphere aerosol dust collected at 38 km above sea-level, and inside the grass leaf phyllo-sphere ( Table S1 ). Genome features The whole-genome sequencing of the strain WW7 was performed at the Joint Genome Institute (JGI, U.S. Department of Energy), using an Illumina NovaSeq in paired-end mode (PE x 150) with a sequencing coverage of 430×. High-quality sequencing reads were assembled using SPAdes v. 3.13.0, and an assembly of 7 scaffolds with an overall length of 3,486,446 bp and a G + C content of 71.3% was generated. The WW7 genome is available in the NCBI Assembly database under the accession number GCF_011759505.1. According to the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP), the WW7 strain possesses 3,365 genes, 3,025 of which are protein-coding genes. The remaining genes are tRNA (49), rRNA (16S, 23S, and 5S rRNA), ncRNA (4), and pseudogenes (170). A blast search analysis indicates that WW7 lacks major virulence factors located in the plasmid pCff1 (CP045288) of the C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens strain P990, and also conserved in other C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens strains with a confirmed plant pathogenicity phenotype (Table S1 ) (Evseev et al. 2022 ). These virulence genes commonly found in several C. flaccumfaciens pv flaccumfaciens strains but were not present in WW7 are: the expansin EXLX1 family cellulose-binding protein ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QIH95666.1 ), trypsin-like serine protease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QIH95653.1 ; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QIH95654.1 ; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QIH95655.1 ), pectate lyases ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QFS80865.3 ), glycosyl hydrolases ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/?term=QFS80892.1 ; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/QIH95652.1 ) (Chen et al. 2021 ). Physiology and chemotaxonomy C. salicis showed significant increases in phosphate solubilization for the insoluble forms AlPO 4 and Ca 3 (PO4) 2 , but not for FePO 4 ( Figure S1 ). On average, phosphate levels in liquid culture were increased by 29 and 100% in the presence of AlPO 4 and Ca 3 (PO4) 2 , respectively. The assimilation of carbohydrates, chemicals, amino acids, and organic acids was tested with the Phenotype microarray (PM) plates PM01 (Biolog, Hayward, CA, USA). Phenotypic characterization on the PM01 plate was carried out under aerobic conditions at 30°C using the inoculation fluid IF-0 and the tetrazolium dye Dye-G. Of the 95 tested carbon sources, strain WW7 showed metabolic activity towards 39 of them. Compared to the closest type strains C. herbarum and C. ammoniigenes , WW7 showed a greater capacity to assimilate di- and monosaccharides, organic acids, and amino acids (Table 2 ), while the overall assimilation profile of WW7 was like those observed in the type-strain of the species C. flaccumfaciens , especially concerning the utilization of monosaccharides and amino acids. Table 2 Comparison of the Phenotype Microarray results of the strain WW7 and the phenotypic traits of type strains representative of the Curtobacterium genus Substrate 1 Type 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 L-proline Amino acid + - - - - - + ND L-glutamic acid Amino acid + - + - - - + - L-alanine Amino acid + - - - - W + ND L-alanyl glycine Amino acid - - - - - + + - Tween 40 Chemical + - + - + + + - Tween 80 Chemical + - + - + + - - α-d-lactose Disaccharide - + + - + + + - Lactulose Disaccharide - - + - + + + - D-cellobiose Disaccharide + - + - + + + - D-melibiose Disaccharide - + + + + + + + D-mannitol Monosaccharide + ND + + + + + + D-ribose Monosaccharide + ND + + + + + + L-rhamnose Monosaccharide - - + + + + + + L-arabinose Monosaccharide + - - - - - + + N-acetyl-d-glucosamine Monosaccharide + - + - + W + ND D-sorbitol Monosaccharide + + - + - + + - L-fucose Monosaccharide - - W - + - W ND D-glucuronic acid Monosaccharide - - - - - - + - D-gluconic acid Monosaccharide + + - + - + + ND Uridine Monosaccharide + - - - - - + - ß-methyl-D- glucoside Monosaccharide + - - + - + + - Adonitol Monosaccharide - - - + - - + - Myo-inositol Monosaccharide + - - - - - + - Succinic acid Organic acid - - + - + - + - α-keto-butyric acid Organic acid - + - + - + - - Bromo succinic acid Organic acid - - + - - - + - Mono methyl succinate Organic acid - - - - - - + - D-lactic acid Organic acid - + + - W - + ND 1 Phenotypic data were collected from Kim et al. 2008 (7); Aizawa et al., 2007 (8); Behrendt et al., 2002 (9); ND, No data available; W, weak; +, growth; -, no growth. 1, C. salicis WW7; 2, C. ammonigenes ; 3, C. citreum ; 4, C. luteum , 5; C. pusillum ; 6, C. albium ; 7, C. flaccumfaciens ; 8, C. hermarum WW7 lipid composition was like that observed in other Curtobacterium type-strains, with the anteiso forms C 15:0 and C 17:0 accounting for 85% of the total FAs content (Table 3 ). On the other hand, FAs detected in WW7 but missing in other Curtobacterium type-strains were iso-C 12:0 (1.47%), C 12 (1.57%), and C 11 (1.98%). Table 3 Fatty acid methyl ester profile of C. salicis WW7 and Curtobacterium type-strains Fatty acid % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 C 11 1.98 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C 12 1.57 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C 14:0 – 0.4 0.3 – – – ND ND 0.2 C 16:0 2.67 1 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.4 ND ND 0.9 C 18:0 0.4 0.1 0.3 – – 0.4 ND ND – C 20:0 ND 0.1 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND iso-C 12:0 1.47 – – – – – – – – iso-C 14:0 – 0.3 0.5 – 0.4 3.2 ND ND – iso-C 15:0 – 6.5 5.8 2.8 1.6 7.9 3.1 1.6 0.1 iso-C 16:0 6.96 3.5 5.4 3.9 11.8 24 9.9 17.5 0.4 iso-C 17:0 – 1.1 1.4 1.9 1.2 2.8 ND ND 0.1 C 17:1 iso ω9c 0.39 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND iso-C 19:0 – 0.1 – ND ND ND ND ND ND anteiso-C 13:0 – 0.1 – ND ND ND ND ND ND anteiso-C 14:0 – 0.1 – – 0.1 – ND ND – anteiso-C 15:0 40.95 52.9 48 19.6 37.2 39.5 58.2 43.4 1.3 anteiso-C 17:0 44.15 28.5 32.1 18.6 36.6 18.4 25.3 30.4 2.4 C18:3 ω6c 0.93 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1 FAME data were collected from Khanal et al. (Khanal et al. 2023 ); ND, no data available; –, not detected. 1, C. salicis WW7; 2, C. allii ; 3, C. flaccumfaciens ; 4, C. pusillum ; 5, C. citreum ; 6, C. luteum ; 7, C. albidum ; 8, C. herbarum ; 9, C. ammoniigenes . Description of Curtobacterium salicis name sp. nov. Curtobacterium salicis (lat. salix -ĭcis, referring to the source of isolation of the species). The colonies of this novel species in rich media are orange-pigmented, smooth, and shiny. The cells of C. salicis are rod-shaped, gram-positive, and non-motile. Growth is detected under aerobic conditions between 4 and 30°C, with an optimal temperature observed in the range between 25 and 30°C. No growth is observed at 37°C. C. salicis tolerates pH values between 6 to 7.7 and grows up to 5.5% (v/w) NaCl. Positive growth was observed for the utilization of D-cellobiose, maltotriose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, sucrose, glycerol, D-trehalose, D-mannitol, β-methyl-D-glucoside, D-galactose, D-mannose, Myo-inositol, maltose, uridine, L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-gluconic acid, D-ribose, D-xylose, α-D-glucose, adenosine, inosine, L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, D-sorbitol, glycyl-L-proline, D-glucose-1-phosphate, tween 40, L-proline, acetoacetic acid, D-psicose, L-lyxose, α-methyl-D-galactoside, tween 80, L-aspartic acid, and pyruvic acid. Weak growth was observed in the presence of dulcitol, acetic acid, and thymidine. Similar to other Curtobacterium type-strains, C. salicis major FAs were anteiso-C 15:0 (40.9%) and anteiso-C 17:0 (44.1%). C. salicis showed capacity to solubilize P and siderophore activity on CAS plates. Abbreviations dDDH digital DNA-DNA hybridization FA Fatty acid FAME Fatty acid methyl ester analysis GTDB-tk Genome Taxonomy database MS Murashige and Skoog TYGS Type-strain genome server PM Phenotype microarray. Declarations Author contribution. JF conceived the experiments with help from AF. AF conducted the genomic and, bioinformatics analyses. DB conducted chemotaxonomic analyses. SLD isolated the strain. All authors contributed to writing the manuscript. Conflict of interest. Intrinsyx Bio is developing agricultural products based on the microbial strain in this study. Funding information Not applicable Ethical approval Not applicable Data availability WW7 genome sequence and annotation have been submitted to the NCBI Assembly database under the accession number GCF_011759505.1. Partial 16S rRNA sequence of the WW7 strain has been deposited to the NCBI Nucleotide database with the accession number KU523564.1. 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Significance values of the T-test are *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01. TableS1.xlsx Table S1. Blastp search of WW7 proteins against C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfacies (Cff) P990 plasmid pCff1 proteins Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 29 Mar, 2024 Read the published version in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 29 Nov, 2023 Editor assigned by journal 29 Nov, 2023 Submission checks completed at journal 29 Nov, 2023 First submitted to journal 28 Nov, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3677714","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":254297583,"identity":"bdd5fc40-23ed-405f-a0ac-a108fb6f35ef","order_by":0,"name":"John Freeman","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxuYDEAY/M4g0ABE8DAfwamlLgDAkmxkYG4jSwsAG1WJwAKSFAaIFL2Bu43344GOOXZ7xcd7jjysK7tgb3Mg9eOADg52cbgMuh7EbG87cllxsdpgvsfGMwbPEDWfOJRycwZBsbIbDeYzz29ikebcxJ247zGPY2GBwOMHgeI/BYaB3Erfh0tLGxv7777b6xM3NEC32QPUEtbAxM247nLiBGaKFcQMRtjBL9m47njgD6LCZQC2JM8F+McDtF8M2NsYPP7dVJ/b3nzH42PDnsD3fjdzDHz5U2Mnh1NKALqIAVmmAXTkIyGOKYBgyCkbBKBgFIx0AAJxMY6oLXhnsAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"IntrinsyxBio","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"John","middleName":"","lastName":"Freeman","suffix":""},{"id":254297585,"identity":"30953d52-07c4-4691-ad3f-4259363e8a7a","order_by":1,"name":"Andrea Firrincieli","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"IntrinsyxBio","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Andrea","middleName":"","lastName":"Firrincieli","suffix":""},{"id":254297587,"identity":"d9ea5150-d60a-4f12-93b3-3e7ac64ecb2b","order_by":2,"name":"Douglas Baker","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"IntrinsyxBio","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Douglas","middleName":"","lastName":"Baker","suffix":""},{"id":254297591,"identity":"f14e4ee8-f4ac-4c69-8764-b2f200593c5d","order_by":3,"name":"Sharon Doty","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Washington","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sharon","middleName":"","lastName":"Doty","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-11-28 16:59:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3677714/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3677714/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-024-01956-y","type":"published","date":"2024-03-29T15:00:56+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":47467561,"identity":"9f166d46-b37a-4cc3-ac9e-4b027ceda596","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-12-02 01:27:10","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":226241,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMaximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene from \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e type strains. The tree was inferred using IQTREE (model HKY+F+I) (Nguyen et al. 2015; \u0026nbsp;Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017) using 16S rDNA gene sequences retrieved from the Type-Strain Genome Server (TYGS) (Meier-Kolthoff and Göker \u0026nbsp;2019). Bootstrap values were calculated based on 1000 replications and only nodes with support value \u0026gt; 80% are shown (red circles). The tree was rooted at \u003cem\u003eGryllotalpicola ginsengisoli\u003c/em\u003e DSM 22003\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3677714/v1/50194f82f90a3c871bd3211c.png"},{"id":47467563,"identity":"abfc4039-17ac-4ccc-b5e0-5d24b048fe52","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-12-02 01:27:10","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":214614,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMaximum likelihood phylogenetic consensus tree based on the concatenated alignment of 120 ubiquitous bacterial genes. The concatenated alignment of the 120 bacterial genes was created using the GTDB-tk de novo workflow. The resulting alignment file was analyzed in IQTREE under the WAG model. Bootstrap values were calculated based on 1000 replications and only nodes with a support value \u0026gt; 80% are shown. \u003cem\u003eG. ginsengisioli\u003c/em\u003e was used as the outgroup.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure24.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3677714/v1/ef4611e9d45fe5a9f0d6b88d.png"},{"id":53869797,"identity":"21aa3761-1185-452f-a4c2-f6b62c802467","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-01 15:11:46","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":661311,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3677714/v1/312c5a08-5b1d-4cb9-9c12-4e7a93cb4377.pdf"},{"id":47467564,"identity":"e9f3e264-3763-4b44-a57c-0be245783f30","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-12-02 01:27:10","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":123769,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure S1. \u003c/strong\u003eAluminum Phosphate (Al Phos), Calcium Phosphate (Ca Phos), Iron Phosphate (Fe Phos) solubilization assay in strain WW7. No Phosphate (No Phos) condition was used as negative control. Bars and error bars represent the average and standard deviation of 4 independent measurements. Significance values of the T-test are *p\u0026lt;0.1; **p\u0026lt;0.05; ***p\u0026lt;0.01.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"FigureS1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3677714/v1/ae445414989f18f66d6b1f5d.pdf"},{"id":47467562,"identity":"123c690f-54c2-48a3-a485-88ce0baee3ee","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-12-02 01:27:10","extension":"xlsx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":29927,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable S1. \u003c/strong\u003eBlastp search of WW7 proteins against \u003cem\u003eC. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfacies\u003c/em\u003e (Cff) P990 plasmid pCff1 proteins\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"TableS1.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3677714/v1/306d12991072061d71a87bbb.xlsx"}],"financialInterests":"Competing interest reported. IntrinsyxBio is developing agricultural products based on the microbial strain in this study.","formattedTitle":"Curtobacterium salicis name sp. nov., isolated from willow tree stems in Washington state","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe genus \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e comprises Gram-positive aerobic corynebacteria of the \u003cem\u003eMicrobacteriaceae\u003c/em\u003e family. Currently, \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e includes 9 well-defined species: \u003cem\u003eC. flaccumfaciens\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eC. albidum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eC. ammoniigenes\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eC. citreum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eC. herbarum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eC. luteum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eC. oceanosedimentum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eC. allii\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eC. pusillum\u003c/em\u003e all having a genome size between 3.4 and 3.8 Mbp and an average GC content of ~\u0026thinsp;70%. \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e are commonly isolated from terrestrial environments such as soil and plants, as epiphytic and endophytic bacteria (Chase et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e), and, only in one documented apparently rare case, from humans (Francis et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). Although most of the \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e species are soil inhabitants, most of the information we have about this genus comes from \u003cem\u003eC. flaccumfaciens\u003c/em\u003e, a plant pathogen of economically important crops (i.e., dry beans and sugar beet), and ornamental plants (i.e., poinsettia and tulip) (Osdaghi et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). However, according to the v214 of the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) (Parks et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022a\u003c/span\u003e), the \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e genus currently accounts for 52 species 28 of which are singletons, i.e., currently represented only by one single type-strain genome. Therefore, despite being commonly referenced as a phytopathogen, there is evidence suggesting that several, as yet uncharacterized, \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e species may play other important ecological roles (Chase et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; South et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Scales et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Chandel et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHere we describe one such example wherein \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e strain WW7, was isolated from a healthy wild willow (\u003cem\u003eSalix sitchensis\u003c/em\u003e) tree growing in a native environment for the \u003cem\u003eSalicis\u003c/em\u003e genera, \u003cem\u003ePopulus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eSalix\u003c/em\u003e, in 2005 in the state of Washington (Doty et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e). The genome of WW7 was sequenced in 2014 within a cooperation project founded by the Joint Genome Institute, which aimed to characterize diazotrophic aboveground endophytes in native pines, poplar, and willow (https://www.osti.gov/award-doi-service/biblio/\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.46936/10.25585/60000936\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.46936/10.25585/60000936\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e). Phylogenomic analysis supports the identification of strain WW7 as representative of a new \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e taxonomic lineage. Compared to other \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e species, strain WW7 shows broader capacities to assimilate carbon sources, especially monosaccharides and amino acids, while its lipid content was remarkably similar to other \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e type-strains and, more in general, to members of the \u003cem\u003eMicrobacteriaceae\u003c/em\u003e family. Based on both phylogenomic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we propose strain WW7 as a member of \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium salicis\u003c/em\u003e sp. \u003cem\u003enov\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eGenome sequencing, assembly, and functional annotation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe whole-genome sequencing of the strain WW7 was performed at the Joint Genome Institute (JGI, U.S. Department of Energy), using an Illumina NovaSeq in paired-end mode (PE x 150) achieving a sequencing coverage of 430\u0026times;. High-quality Illumina reads were assembled with the SPAdes v. 3.13.0 genome assembler (Bankevich et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e), and the resulting scaffolds were annotated using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) (Li et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePhylogenomic analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA phylogenomic analysis was performed using the Type Strain Genome Server (TYGS) database and the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB-tk) (Meier-Kolthoff and G\u0026ouml;ker \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Parks et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022b\u003c/span\u003e). TYGS was used to calculate pairwise digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values using the \u003cem\u003ed4\u003c/em\u003e formula described in Meier-Kolthoff et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e (Meier-Kolthoff et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). The \u003cem\u003ede novo workflow\u003c/em\u003e pipeline implemented in GTDB-tk was used to identify, align, and concatenate 120 phylogenetically informative markers in WW7 and in the representative members of the \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e genus according to the GTDB-tk database \u003cem\u003ev214\u003c/em\u003e. The resulting alignment file was finally used to compute a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree in IQ-TREE (Nguyen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) under the WAG model with 1000 bootstrap replicates.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePhysiology and chemotaxonomic analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe colorimetric assay described in Varga et al. (Varga et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) was used to test the capacity of WW7 to solubilize the insoluble phosphate salts aluminum [AlPO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e], tri-calcium [Ca\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e(PO4)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e] and iron phosphate [FePO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e]. Assimilation of carbon sources and tolerance to osmotic stresses was performed using the Biolog PM1 and PM9 plates, respectively, according to manufacturer instructions. The Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) analysis was performed following the MIDI Microbial Identification System guidelines.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results and discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eIsolation and ecology\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWW7 strain was isolated in 2005 from willow tree cuttings inhabiting the riparian zone of the Snoqualmie River (+\u0026thinsp;47\u0026deg; 31' 14.30\", -121\u0026deg; 46' 28.32\") (Three Forks Park, King County; WA). This area is characterized by a moist-cool (mesic) climate (Firrincieli et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). The collection site is typically subjected to regular floodings, exposing bare mineral soils and gravel bars on which the pioneer plant genera, Populus and Salix, commonly grow (Doty et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e). The river water and the rocky substrate are also characterized by low levels of nitrogen, which makes these trees interesting for the study of plant-associated bacteria capable of improving plant adaptation to low-nutrient soil (Doty et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e). The isolation strategy used for \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e strain WW7 is described in Doty et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e (Doty et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e). Briefly, tree branch cuttings were allowed to sprout in nitrogen-free medium, and branches of the new growth were collected, surface sterilized, and placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar plates. Morphologically distinct colonies forming on MS plates were streak-purified on Yeast Mannitol Agar, and the resulting isolates were finally stored in rich-media glycerol stock at \u0026ndash; 80 \u0026ordm;C.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e16S RNA phylogeny and phylogenomic analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs reported in another study (Scales et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), phylogenetic analysis on 16S rRNA provides very limited information regarding the intra-species variability within the \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e genus. Despite this, 16S rRNA phylogenies show a clear separation of the WW7 strain from the representative members of the \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e genus (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePairwise digital DNA-DNA hybridization values (dDDH, \u003cem\u003ed4\u003c/em\u003e formula) calculated through TYGS were below the species delineation threshold of 70% (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) (Meier-Kolthoff and G\u0026ouml;ker \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), supporting the lack of affiliation of WW7 to other \u003cem\u003eCurtobcaterium\u003c/em\u003e type-strain, and with \u003cem\u003eC. herbarum\u003c/em\u003e DSM 14013 being the closest representative genome which was isolated in Germany from the grass leaf phyllo-sphere (Behrendt et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edDDH values of strain WW7 vs. \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e type strains\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType strain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edDDH (d4, in %)\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.I. (d4, in %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eC. herbarum\u003c/em\u003e DSM 14013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e[40.6\u0026ndash;45.7]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eC. flaccumfaciens\u003c/em\u003e LMG 3645\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e[22.4\u0026ndash;27.2]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eC. flaccumfaciens\u003c/em\u003e CFBP 3418\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e[22.4\u0026ndash;27.2]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eC. albidum\u003c/em\u003e DSM 20512\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e[22.1\u0026ndash;26.9]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eC. pusillum\u003c/em\u003e ATCC 19096\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e[22.2\u0026ndash;27.0]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eC. citreum\u003c/em\u003e DSM 20528\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e[22.1\u0026ndash;26.9]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eC. citreum\u003c/em\u003e JCM 1345\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e[22.1\u0026ndash;26.8]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e The \u003cem\u003ed4\u003c/em\u003e formula was chosen because it is independent of genome length and therefore, robust against the use of draft genomes (Meier-Kolthoff et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn agreement with TYGS, GTDB identifies WW7 as the representative strain of a novel \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e species cluster i.e., \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium flaccumfacies_C\u003c/em\u003e, (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/species?id=Curtobacterium%20flaccumfaciens_C\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/species?id=Curtobacterium%20flaccumfaciens_C\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e). The phylogenetic consensus tree calculated from the concatenated alignment of 120 ubiquitous bacterial genes places the WW7 strain within a branch including mostly uncharacterized \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e species and \u003cem\u003eC. herbarum\u003c/em\u003e. This cluster includes isolates obtained from leaf litter associated soil samples, stratosphere aerosol dust collected at 38 km above sea-level, and inside the grass leaf phyllo-sphere (\u003cb\u003eTable \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eGenome features\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe whole-genome sequencing of the strain WW7 was performed at the Joint Genome Institute (JGI, U.S. Department of Energy), using an Illumina NovaSeq in paired-end mode (PE x 150) with a sequencing coverage of 430\u0026times;. High-quality sequencing reads were assembled using SPAdes v. 3.13.0, and an assembly of 7 scaffolds with an overall length of 3,486,446 bp and a G\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;C content of 71.3% was generated. The WW7 genome is available in the NCBI Assembly database under the accession number GCF_011759505.1. According to the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP), the WW7 strain possesses 3,365 genes, 3,025 of which are protein-coding genes. The remaining genes are tRNA (49), rRNA (16S, 23S, and 5S rRNA), ncRNA (4), and pseudogenes (170). A blast search analysis indicates that WW7 lacks major virulence factors located in the plasmid pCff1 (CP045288) of the \u003cem\u003eC. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens\u003c/em\u003e strain P990, and also conserved in other \u003cem\u003eC. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens\u003c/em\u003e strains with a confirmed plant pathogenicity phenotype (Table \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e) (Evseev et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). These virulence genes commonly found in several \u003cem\u003eC. flaccumfaciens pv flaccumfaciens\u003c/em\u003e strains but were not present in WW7 are: the expansin EXLX1 family cellulose-binding protein (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QIH95666.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QIH95666.1\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e), trypsin-like serine protease \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QIH95653.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QIH95653.1\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QIH95654.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QIH95654.1\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QIH95655.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QIH95655.1\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e), pectate lyases (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QFS80865.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/QFS80865.3\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e), glycosyl hydrolases (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/?term=QFS80892.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/?term=QFS80892.1\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/QIH95652.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/QIH95652.1\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) (Chen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePhysiology and chemotaxonomy\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eC. salicis\u003c/em\u003e showed significant increases in phosphate solubilization for the insoluble forms AlPO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e and Ca\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e(PO4)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, but not for FePO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (\u003cb\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e). On average, phosphate levels in liquid culture were increased by 29 and 100% in the presence of AlPO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e and Ca\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e(PO4)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe assimilation of carbohydrates, chemicals, amino acids, and organic acids was tested with the Phenotype microarray (PM) plates PM01 (Biolog, Hayward, CA, USA). Phenotypic characterization on the PM01 plate was carried out under aerobic conditions at 30\u0026deg;C using the inoculation fluid IF-0 and the tetrazolium dye Dye-G. Of the 95 tested carbon sources, strain WW7 showed metabolic activity towards 39 of them. Compared to the closest type strains \u003cem\u003eC. herbarum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eC. ammoniigenes\u003c/em\u003e, WW7 showed a greater capacity to assimilate di- and monosaccharides, organic acids, and amino acids (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), while the overall assimilation profile of WW7 was like those observed in the type-strain of the species \u003cem\u003eC. flaccumfaciens\u003c/em\u003e, especially concerning the utilization of monosaccharides and amino acids.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of the Phenotype Microarray results of the strain WW7 and the phenotypic traits of type strains representative of the \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e genus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstrate\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL-proline\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmino acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL-glutamic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmino acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL-alanine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmino acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL-alanyl glycine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmino acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTween 40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTween 80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eα-d-lactose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLactulose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-cellobiose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-melibiose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-mannitol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-ribose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL-rhamnose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL-arabinose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN-acetyl-d-glucosamine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-sorbitol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL-fucose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-glucuronic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-gluconic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUridine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026szlig;-methyl-D- glucoside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdonitol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMyo-inositol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonosaccharide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuccinic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eα-keto-butyric acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBromo succinic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMono methyl succinate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-lactic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003ePhenotypic data were collected from Kim et al. 2008 (7); Aizawa et al., 2007 (8); Behrendt et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e (9); ND, No data available; W, weak; +, growth; -, no growth. 1, \u003cem\u003eC. salicis\u003c/em\u003e WW7; 2, \u003cem\u003eC. ammonigenes\u003c/em\u003e; 3, \u003cem\u003eC. citreum\u003c/em\u003e; 4, \u003cem\u003eC. luteum\u003c/em\u003e, 5; \u003cem\u003eC. pusillum\u003c/em\u003e; 6, \u003cem\u003eC. albium\u003c/em\u003e; 7, \u003cem\u003eC. flaccumfaciens\u003c/em\u003e; 8, \u003cem\u003eC. hermarum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWW7 lipid composition was like that observed in other \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e type-strains, with the anteiso forms C\u003csub\u003e15:0\u003c/sub\u003e and C\u003csub\u003e17:0\u003c/sub\u003e accounting for 85% of the total FAs content (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, FAs detected in WW7 but missing in other \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e type-strains were iso-C\u003csub\u003e12:0\u003c/sub\u003e (1.47%), C\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e (1.57%), and C\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003e (1.98%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatty acid methyl ester profile of \u003cem\u003eC. salicis\u003c/em\u003e WW7 and \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e type-strains\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatty acid %\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e14:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e16:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e18:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e20:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eiso-C\u003csub\u003e12:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eiso-C\u003csub\u003e14:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eiso-C\u003csub\u003e15:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eiso-C\u003csub\u003e16:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eiso-C\u003csub\u003e17:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e17:1\u003c/sub\u003e iso ω9c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eiso-C\u003csub\u003e19:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eanteiso-C\u003csub\u003e13:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eanteiso-C\u003csub\u003e14:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eanteiso-C\u003csub\u003e15:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eanteiso-C\u003csub\u003e17:0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC18:3 ω6c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eFAME data were collected from Khanal et al. (Khanal et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e); ND, no data available; \u0026ndash;, not detected. 1, \u003cem\u003eC. salicis\u003c/em\u003e WW7; 2, \u003cem\u003eC. allii\u003c/em\u003e; 3, \u003cem\u003eC. flaccumfaciens\u003c/em\u003e; 4, \u003cem\u003eC. pusillum\u003c/em\u003e; 5, \u003cem\u003eC. citreum\u003c/em\u003e; 6, \u003cem\u003eC. luteum\u003c/em\u003e; 7, \u003cem\u003eC. albidum\u003c/em\u003e; 8, \u003cem\u003eC. herbarum\u003c/em\u003e; 9, \u003cem\u003eC. ammoniigenes\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eDescription of\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eCurtobacterium salicis\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ename sp. nov.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium salicis\u003c/em\u003e (lat. salix -ĭcis, referring to the source of isolation of the species).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe colonies of this novel species in rich media are orange-pigmented, smooth, and shiny. The cells of \u003cem\u003eC. salicis\u003c/em\u003e are rod-shaped, gram-positive, and non-motile. Growth is detected under aerobic conditions between 4 and 30\u0026deg;C, with an optimal temperature observed in the range between 25 and 30\u0026deg;C. No growth is observed at 37\u0026deg;C. \u003cem\u003eC. salicis\u003c/em\u003e tolerates pH values between 6 to 7.7 and grows up to 5.5% (v/w) NaCl. Positive growth was observed for the utilization of D-cellobiose, maltotriose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, sucrose, glycerol, D-trehalose, D-mannitol, β-methyl-D-glucoside, D-galactose, D-mannose, Myo-inositol, maltose, uridine, L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-gluconic acid, D-ribose, D-xylose, α-D-glucose, adenosine, inosine, L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, D-sorbitol, glycyl-L-proline, D-glucose-1-phosphate, tween 40, L-proline, acetoacetic acid, D-psicose, L-lyxose, α-methyl-D-galactoside, tween 80, L-aspartic acid, and pyruvic acid. Weak growth was observed in the presence of dulcitol, acetic acid, and thymidine. Similar to other \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e type-strains, \u003cem\u003eC. salicis\u003c/em\u003e major FAs were anteiso-C\u003csub\u003e15:0\u003c/sub\u003e (40.9%) and anteiso-C\u003csub\u003e17:0\u003c/sub\u003e (44.1%). \u003cem\u003eC. salicis\u003c/em\u003e showed capacity to solubilize P and siderophore activity on CAS plates.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003edDDH\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edigital DNA-DNA hybridization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eFA\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatty acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eFAME\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatty acid methyl ester analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eGTDB-tk\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenome Taxonomy database\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eMS\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMurashige and Skoog\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eTYGS\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType-strain genome server\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003ePM\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhenotype microarray.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contribution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJF conceived the experiments with help from AF. AF conducted the genomic and, bioinformatics analyses. DB conducted chemotaxonomic analyses. SLD isolated the strain. All authors contributed to writing the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntrinsyx Bio is developing agricultural products based on the microbial strain in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding information\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWW7 genome sequence and annotation have been submitted to the NCBI Assembly database under the accession number GCF_011759505.1. Partial 16S rRNA sequence of the WW7 strain has been deposited to the NCBI Nucleotide database with the accession number KU523564.1.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D, et al (2012) SPAdes: A New Genome Assembly Algorithm and Its Applications to Single-Cell Sequencing. Journal of Computational Biology 19:455. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1089/CMB.2012.0021\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1089/CMB.2012.0021\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBehrendt U, Ulrich A, Schumann P, et al (2002) Diversity of grass-associated Microbacteriaceae isolated from the phyllosphere and litter layer after mulching the sward; polyphasic characterization of Subtercola pratensis sp. nov., Curtobacterium herbarum sp. nov. and Plantibacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. 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Environ Microbiome 17:. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1186/S40793-022-00452-Y\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/S40793-022-00452-Y\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChase AB, Arevalo P, Polz MF, et al (2016) Evidence for ecological flexibility in the cosmopolitan genus Curtobacterium. 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Front Plant Sci 11:1585. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3389/FPLS.2020.567918/BIBTEX\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3389/FPLS.2020.567918/BIBTEX\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"antonie-van-leeuwenhoek","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"anto","sideBox":"Learn more about [Antonie van Leeuwenhoek](https://www.springer.com/journal/10482)","snPcode":"10482","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10482/3","title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Curtobacterium, Endophyte, Willow Phyllosphere, Taxonomy, Metabolism.","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3677714/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3677714/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e sp. strain WW7 is a Gram-positive, non-motile, orange rod-shaped bacterium isolated from branches of wild willow (Salix sitchensis) trees on nitrogen-free media. The WW7 strain shows growth in the temperature range between 4 and 30\u0026deg;C, a pH range of 6\u0026ndash;7.7, and tolerates up to 5.5% (w/v) of NaCl. The genome sequencing of strain WW7 revealed a genome size of approximately 3.8 Mbp and a G\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;C content of 71.3 mol%. The phylogenomic analyses support the WW7 affiliation to a novel \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e lineage, with \u003cem\u003eC. herbarum\u003c/em\u003e being the closest type-strain. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicates that WW7 capacity to assimilate carbohydrates was similar to the type strains, i.e. \u003cem\u003eC. luteum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eC. albidum\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eC. flaccumfaciens\u003c/em\u003e, while no assimilation of the organic acids succinate, alpha-Ketobutyrate, mono methyl-succinate, and lactate was observed. Finally, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis identifies anteiso-C\u003csub\u003e15:0\u003c/sub\u003e and anteiso-C\u003csub\u003e17:0\u003c/sub\u003e major cellular fatty acids (FAs) which is a common feature for members of the \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e genus. Based on the results of phylogenomic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain WW7 represents a novel \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium\u003c/em\u003e lineage, for which the name \u003cem\u003eCurtobacterium salicis\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WW7\u003csup\u003ePP\u003c/sup\u003e(DSM 34805\u003csup\u003ePP\u003c/sup\u003e - NRRL B-68078\u003csup\u003ePP\u003c/sup\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Curtobacterium salicis name sp. nov., isolated from willow tree stems in Washington state","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-12-02 01:27:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3677714/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2023-11-29T10:59:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2023-11-29T10:49:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2023-11-29T08:50:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek","date":"2023-11-28T16:46:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"antonie-van-leeuwenhoek","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"anto","sideBox":"Learn more about [Antonie van Leeuwenhoek](https://www.springer.com/journal/10482)","snPcode":"10482","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10482/3","title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9c8b6f92-0f81-45a3-af8c-2114c25c307e","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 2nd, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-04-01T15:07:47+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-3677714","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-024-01956-y","journal":{"identity":"antonie-van-leeuwenhoek","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"},"publishedOn":"2024-03-29 15:00:56","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 29th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2023-12-02 01:27:05","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10482-024-01956-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-024-01956-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3677714","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3677714","identity":"rs-3677714","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"cBFmMYwuxLRRLfASyISRj","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}