Motivational Interviewing for Advance Care Planning: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an emerging method to facilitate advance care planning (ACP). Through conceptualizing ACP drawing on the model of preparation for future care needs, this study systematically reviewed the effectiveness of and participants’ experience with MI on ACP. Methods: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out on the eligible studies by searching Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, LICAS, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov starting from the creation of the databases to December 2023. Results: The meta-analysis found that MI intervention was associated with higher odds of concrete ACP behaviors as compared to that under the control condition. The synthesized quantitative and qualitative evidence showed that MI intervention promoted attitudes, knowledge, readiness or intention to engage in ACP, and efficacy. Conclusion: MI is effective to promote ACP.