Bullying

Bullying is a pervasive problem affecting the mental health of children and youth. Approximately 20-25% are identified as repeated perpetrators, victims, or both. Bullying involves targeted intimidation or humiliation characterized by an imbalance of power. Bullies typically feel and appear powerful when they target those who are socially vulnerable (e.g., display internalizing symptoms, lack friends). Most victims, in turn, display a range of psychosocial vulnerabilities including distress, academic difficulties, and health problems. Those identified as both victims and bullies represent a particularly high-risk group. Self-reports are optimal to assess the prevalence of victimization and to identify the targets of bullying, whereas peer nominations and teacher-ratings are well suited to assess bullying perpetration. Typical interventions vary from targeted programs to universal school-wide anti-bullying prevention initiatives.