ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS E ANATOMOPATOLÓGICOS DA ENDOMETRIOSE EXTRAPÉLVICA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Extrapelvic endometriosis, a rare condition affecting 12% of cases, manifests clinically and anatomopathologically based on implant location, commonly in the GI and urinary tracts, but also including rare sites like the spleen and abdominal wall.
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This integrative review examined the clinical and anatomopathological features and locations of extrapelvic endometriosis implants using searches in LILACS and PubMed for studies in Portuguese/Spanish/English published from 2020 to 2025, ultimately including 5 studies after an initial 16. It reports that extrapelvic endometriosis is uncommon (12% of cases) and can involve structures such as nerves and lung parenchyma, with the most frequent sites being the gastrointestinal tract and the urinary system, while clinical and histological findings vary by location. Case reports described sites including the umbilicus, bladder, spleen, and abdominal wall endometriosis, with variable symptoms (e.g., umbilical nodules with possible cyclical bleeding; abdominal wall pain intensified during menses; bladder symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, dysuria, and dyspareunia) and histology showing functional endometrial tissue with glands, stroma, hemorrhage, and hemossiderin. The review notes the limitation of scarce evidence and small sample size, and emphasizes that malignant transformation can occur—especially in the ovary and rarely in the abdominal wall—requiring ongoing monitoring. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it focuses specifically on the clinical and anatomopathological aspects of extrapelvic endometriotic implants.
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