Optical pumping effect on modulation transfer spectroscopy of the D1 line of 85Rb atoms with non-cycling transition

Optical pumping effect on modulation transfer spectroscopy of the D1 line of 85Rb atoms with non-cycling transition | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Optical pumping effect on modulation transfer spectroscopy of the D 1 line of 85 Rb atoms with non-cycling transition Shabraz Khan, Heung-Ryoul Noh, Jin-Tae Kim This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8221886/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The D1 line of 85Rb exhibits non-cycling transitions; therefore, only weak modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) signals could be obtained \cite{Khan2024}. In this study, however, strong MTS spectra were obtained for the D1 line via optical pumping (OP) of the D2 line of 85Rb. Four linear parallel (lin $\parallel$ lin) and linear perpendicular (lin$\perp$lin), $\sigma^+ - \sigma^+$, and $\sigma^+ - \sigma^-$ polarization configurations were investigated using an OP laser with four different polarizations such as linear horizontal (P), linear vertical (S), $\sigma^+$, and $\sigma^-$ polarizations. Under the linear perpendicular configuration, the MTS signal for the $F_g=3 \rightarrow F_e=2$ transition of the $D_1$ line exhibited approximately a 41-fold increase in the signal slope in the presence of a linearly-polarized OP beam, compared with the signal slope obtained without OP. The calculated MTS spectra for the $\sigma^+ \sigma^-$ configuration in the presence of $\sigma^+$- or $\sigma^-$-polarized OP beam as an example matched well with experimental observations. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics Physical sciences/Physics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 26 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 22 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 17 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 11 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 08 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8221886","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":588387183,"identity":"add667ff-a872-4ccd-929f-0db2634f76ad","order_by":0,"name":"Shabraz Khan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chosun University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shabraz","middleName":"","lastName":"Khan","suffix":""},{"id":588387185,"identity":"46237924-8599-498d-8b26-6ee78231b7c5","order_by":1,"name":"Heung-Ryoul Noh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chonnam National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Heung-Ryoul","middleName":"","lastName":"Noh","suffix":""},{"id":588387187,"identity":"77f78ce4-a6a8-4e32-ad69-b9f55740f2ef","order_by":2,"name":"Jin-Tae Kim","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCWYGBgOGCoYEhAhRWg6cIUkLiDjYRooWyXbuhOKP8+zy+PnPmD1gqLFjkJx9AL8WaWbeDQYHtyUXS87IMTdgOJbMIM2XgF+LHETLgcQNN3jMJBjYDjDI8RBwGETLHKCW82eAWv4RoQXisAaglgM5ZhKMbQcYpAlpkWwGajlzLDlx5oy0MonEvmQeyR4CWiTOn91mUFFjl9jPf3ibxIdvdnISZwhoAQI2AzgzgYGBkLPAgPkBMapGwSgYBaNgBAMA72I8b+C4K8UAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Chosun University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jin-Tae","middleName":"","lastName":"Kim","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-11-27 12:08:40","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8221886/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8221886/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-43427-6","type":"published","date":"2026-03-11T16:00:31+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104739566,"identity":"f29d0d37-3519-4b18-8367-deb93999c80d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-16 16:09:20","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":411189,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OP85SRV17.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8221886/v1_covered_7d359cba-1950-4766-88d6-87acca6b8884.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eOptical pumping effect on modulation transfer spectroscopy of the D\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e line of \u003csup\u003e85\u003c/sup\u003eRb atoms with non-cycling transition\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8221886/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8221886/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The D1 line of 85Rb exhibits non-cycling transitions; therefore, only weak modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) signals could be obtained \\cite{Khan2024}. In this study, however, strong MTS spectra were obtained for the D1 line via optical pumping (OP) of the D2 line of 85Rb. Four linear parallel (lin $\\parallel$ lin) and linear perpendicular (lin$\\perp$lin), $\\sigma^+ - \\sigma^+$, and $\\sigma^+ - \\sigma^-$ polarization configurations were investigated using an OP laser with four different polarizations such as linear horizontal (P), linear vertical (S), $\\sigma^+$, and $\\sigma^-$ polarizations. Under the linear perpendicular configuration, the MTS signal for the $F_g=3 \\rightarrow F_e=2$ transition of the $D_1$ line exhibited approximately a 41-fold increase in the signal slope in the presence of a linearly-polarized OP beam, compared with the signal slope obtained without OP. The calculated MTS spectra for the $\\sigma^+ \\sigma^-$ configuration in the presence of $\\sigma^+$- or $\\sigma^-$-polarized OP beam as an example matched well with experimental observations.","manuscriptTitle":"Optical pumping effect on modulation transfer spectroscopy of the D1 line of 85Rb atoms with non-cycling transition","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-11 04:06:34","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8221886/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-26T17:57:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-23T01:47:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-17T06:02:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"331780887661254985260642112396055859354","date":"2026-02-12T03:12:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"85847062653260778639678249266554761765","date":"2026-02-09T12:23:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-09T08:58:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-12-11T18:45:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-12-08T05:50:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-12-08T05:47:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"951699dd-b721-4ab8-ae4b-cb3ff64c7463","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 11th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":62703643,"name":"Physical sciences/Optics and photonics"},{"id":62703644,"name":"Physical sciences/Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-16T16:04:52+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8221886","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-43427-6","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-11 16:00:31","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 11th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-11 04:06:34","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-026-43427-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-43427-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8221886","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8221886","identity":"rs-8221886","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}