Reversible dynamic modulation of orthogonal upconversion luminescence via interplay of oxygen vacancies and lanthanide activators

Reversible dynamic modulation of orthogonal upconversion luminescence via interplay of oxygen vacancies and lanthanide activators | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Reversible dynamic modulation of orthogonal upconversion luminescence via interplay of oxygen vacancies and lanthanide activators Mingye Ding, Yongqi Guo, Jun Cao, Yu Yuan, Jingru Lai, Zixia Lin, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7075243/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Dynamic modulation of upconversion (UC) luminescence with spatial-temporal spectral feature holds pivotal importance for optical multiplexing in anti-counterfeiting applications. Despite considerable efforts, achieving reversible dynamic UC emissions in a simple nanostructure with a fixed composition under external stimulation remains a daunting challenge. Here, we report temporal modulation of orthogonal UC luminescence in Er 3+ -doped bismuth halide oxides (BiOX, X = Cl, Br and I) by employing interplay of oxygen vacancies and erbium activators. Through alternating stimulation of ultraviolet irradiation and water bleaching, orthogonal UC luminescence of Er 3+ emitters could be reversibly regulated with high switching contrast and good fatigue resistance. Experimental and theorical results reveal that the introduction of oxygen vacancies and activators as well as their interactions contributes to the photochromism-induced dynamic UC modulation. Inspired by their special luminescent performance, the developed materials facilitate evolutionary UC color/intensity displays in both spatial and temporal dimensions under external manipulation, indicating promise in advanced anti-counterfeiting and high-capacity optical storage. Our findings offer a new way for dynamic manipulating of UC luminescence via external stimuli towards high-level anti-counterfeiting applications. Physical sciences/Chemistry/Materials chemistry/Optical materials Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials for optics/Nonlinear optics Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementaryInformation.docx Supplementary Information SupplementaryVideo1.mp4 Supplementary Video 1 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7075243","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":485637745,"identity":"468cb74b-55e4-459a-bf43-1273a5718e03","order_by":0,"name":"Mingye 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Despite considerable efforts, achieving reversible dynamic UC emissions in a simple nanostructure with a fixed composition under external stimulation remains a daunting challenge. Here, we report temporal modulation of orthogonal UC luminescence in Er\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e-doped bismuth halide oxides (BiOX, X\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Cl, Br and I) by employing interplay of oxygen vacancies and erbium activators. Through alternating stimulation of ultraviolet irradiation and water bleaching, orthogonal UC luminescence of Er\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e emitters could be reversibly regulated with high switching contrast and good fatigue resistance. Experimental and theorical results reveal that the introduction of oxygen vacancies and activators as well as their interactions contributes to the photochromism-induced dynamic UC modulation. Inspired by their special luminescent performance, the developed materials facilitate evolutionary UC color/intensity displays in both spatial and temporal dimensions under external manipulation, indicating promise in advanced anti-counterfeiting and high-capacity optical storage. 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