Y-Linked Lysine(K) Demethylase 5D as a regulator of sex-specific bladder cancer metastasis and prognosis

AbstractBackground Current research in clinical oncology is focused on exploring gender-based variations in cancer risk and prognosis. Male bladder cancer incidence significantly surpasses that in females across the world. While several factors contribute to variations in cancer susceptibility between sex, a burgeoning body of research underscores the signififcance of distinct activity levels in Y-linked tumor suppressor genes in males and females. Here, we investigate the role of Y-linked lysine(K) demethylase 5D (KDM5D) in the prognosis and metastasis of bladder cancer. Methods By conducting Quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), Western Blot, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence, tumor microenvironment analysis, and bioinformatics pathway analysis on bladder cancer cell lines, bladder cancer tissues, adjacent normal epithelial tissues, combined with statistical analysis using SPSS, Results it was found that KDM5D is low expression in male bladder cancer. Moreover, this underexpression is associated with higher recurrence and metastasis rates. In silico analysis suggests that KDM5D may influence tumor metastasis or recurrence through inflammation response and EMT. Conclusion These findings not only provide evidence to support further precision medicine efforts but also offer new insights for bladder cancer recurrence or metastasis.