Aberrant activation of the innate immune sensor PKR by self dsRNA is prevented by direct interaction with ADAR1

Summary Loss of dsRNA editing by Adar1 leads to aberrant interferon induction in Adar null mouse embryos. Adar Mavs mutants, in which this interferon induction is prevented, die within two weeks of birth. We show here that early death of pups is reduced in Adar Mavs EIF2αk2 (Pkr) mutants, identifying PKR as the second aberrantly activated dsRNA sensor in Adar mutant mice. In intestines of Adar Mavs pups transit amplifying progenitor cells in intestinal crypts die and intestinal villi are lost in pups before death; intestinal defects are prevented in Adar Mavs Eifak2 . In human A549 lung cancer cells ADAR1 forms a complex with PKR. AlphaFold modelling predicts a direct inhibitory interaction of ADAR1 dsRBDIII with the PKR near the kinase active site and a new mode for ADAR1 dsRNA-binding. Mutations at residues required for ADAR1 dsRNA binding or for predicted PKR contacts, prevent interaction with PKR.