Ovarian reserve may influence the outcome of bone mineral density in patients with long-term use of dienogest

Naoki Yamamoto, N Yamamoto, Osamu Wada‐Hiraike, M Hirano, T Hirata, Tetsuya Hirata, M Harada, Miyuki Harada, Yasushi Hirota, Y Hirota, Kaori Koga, K Koga, T Fujii, Y Osuga, Yutaka Osuga
SAGE open medicine · 2021 · vol. 9 , pp. 20503121211005992 · doi:10.1177/20503121211005992 · PMID:35154758 · W3142095409
article OA: gold CC0 ⤵ 2 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

Lower endogenous estradiol levels, indicating reduced ovarian reserve, were associated with adverse bone mineral density changes in premenopausal women after long-term dienogest use.

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Abstract

Objective: Long-term administration of dienogest, which is known to have effect on bone mineral density, is frequently done in patients with endometriosis and adenomyosis, but a few studies focused on the bone mineral density changes after finishing the long-term therapy. This study aimed to reveal the factors that adversely affect lumbar bone mineral density. Method: Fifty-seven premenopausal women who visited our hospital were diagnosed as either endometriosis or adenomyosis, and they were treated by dienogest for more than 115 weeks (26.5 months). Based on a previous report, bone mineral density changes less than 2% was categorized as the osteopenic group ( n = 30), and the others were assigned to the unchanged group ( n = 27). Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A representative ovarian reserve marker, endogenous estradiol levels, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were measured over time and were compared between the osteopenic and unchanged groups. Result: Duration of dienogest intake was 59.5 months (osteopenic group) versus 57.5 months (unchanged group). These patients experienced ovarian surgeries in a similar frequency, but the ovarian reserve in osteopenic group was impaired as suggested by the decline of endogenous estradiol level during intake of dienogest compared to that of unchanged group ( p = 0.0146). Endogenous follicle-stimulating hormone level between osteopenic group and unchanged group did not reach statistically significant difference, although the osteopenic group showed relatively higher level. Conclusion: This study might suggest that decreased ovarian reserve as judged by endogenous estradiol level is a factor that negatively affect bone mineral density, and measurement of endogenous estradiol level during intake of dienogest could have a predictive meaning of future decreased bone mineral density level.

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endometriosisadenomyosis

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