Face Image De-identification Based on Feature Embedding

Face Image De-identification Based on Feature Embedding | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Face Image De-identification Based on Feature Embedding Goki Hanawa, Koichi Ito, Takafumi Aoki This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4014624/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Sep, 2024 Read the published version in EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A large number of images are available on the Internet with the growth of social networking services, and many of them are face photos or contain faces. It is necessary to protect the privacy of face images to prevent their malicious use by face image de-identification techniques that make face recognition difficult, which prevent the collection of specific face images using face recognition. In this paper, we propose a face image de-identification method that generates a de-identified image from an input face image by embedding facial features extracted from that of another person into the input face image. We develop the novel framework for embedding facial features into a face image and loss functions based on images and features to de-identify a face image preserving its appearance. Through a set of experiments using public face image datasets, we demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits higher de-identification performance against unknown face recognition models than conventional methods while preserving the appearance of the input face images. de-identification face recognition biometrics privacy protection Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Sep, 2024 Read the published version in EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 14 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Mar, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Mar, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 05 Mar, 2024 First submitted to journal 04 Mar, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4014624","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":284648886,"identity":"9faf0e14-665c-47d4-884f-762130dd2e58","order_by":0,"name":"Goki Hanawa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Goki","middleName":"","lastName":"Hanawa","suffix":""},{"id":284648887,"identity":"b32fa2c7-255f-4320-ab04-c400484736bc","order_by":1,"name":"Koichi Ito","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEElEQVRIie2Qv2rDMBCHTxjOi9Kuggb7FWQE/bOkr+IgUJcs3TR0KBg0hcyB9iH6CCkBdfEDuJuzZ2iW4qEtlZ1CMkQu3ULRBxKcxHf3kwACgSMEAUgNkNOuyt3i7VkLufcoCBHfU/jvirtHtm3fsaf4OEkLqxuthhAXq7qGj+QiNorB3Qiih8NjEFG9TssJBWoFd8HE1dRaBlYCeVx4FHpeDYymwCbInDJ+qm4MA1wAmede5fazVdJ13OyUr34lGhgXjFGEraIsI6ZPUfJsWCqKVAmWcyF4aeXleCap7y1psXzerLW8Po2Xq02jk4S/mKx6ex8lmefHduO6nf9ULhLN5v3GoQDsz0ogEAj8T74BmxxPd4W1cqwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-7105","institution":"Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Koichi","middleName":"","lastName":"Ito","suffix":""},{"id":284648888,"identity":"c364a871-b486-422a-b957-cf9b96bb9baa","order_by":2,"name":"Takafumi Aoki","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Takafumi","middleName":"","lastName":"Aoki","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-05 00:19:34","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4014624/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4014624/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-024-00646-z","type":"published","date":"2024-09-02T16:08:28+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":64186286,"identity":"730450c2-77a5-413f-97b1-ceb5bc3f8602","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-09 16:26:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1074780,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"EURASIPIVPhanawa.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4014624/v1_covered_a5aab2d0-c676-424c-85ff-ffbd123df25e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Face Image De-identification Based on Feature Embedding","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"eurasip-journal-on-image-and-video-processing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jivp","sideBox":"Learn more about [EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing](http://jivp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/jivp/default.aspx","title":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","twitterHandle":"@SpringerEng","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"de-identification, face recognition, biometrics, privacy protection","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4014624/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4014624/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"A large number of images are available on the Internet with the growth of social networking services, and many of them are face photos or contain faces. It is necessary to protect the privacy of face images to prevent their malicious use by face image de-identification techniques that make face recognition difficult, which prevent the collection of specific face images using face recognition. In this paper, we propose a face image de-identification method that generates a de-identified image from an input face image by embedding facial features extracted from that of another person into the input face image. We develop the novel framework for embedding facial features into a face image and loss functions based on images and features to de-identify a face image preserving its appearance. Through a set of experiments using public face image datasets, we demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits higher de-identification performance against unknown face recognition models than conventional methods while preserving the appearance of the input face images.","manuscriptTitle":"Face Image De-identification Based on Feature Embedding","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-01 03:23:49","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4014624/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2024-06-14T12:42:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-03-28T14:29:23+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-03-27T17:34:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-03-06T04:31:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","date":"2024-03-04T23:44:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"eurasip-journal-on-image-and-video-processing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jivp","sideBox":"Learn more about [EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing](http://jivp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/jivp/default.aspx","title":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","twitterHandle":"@SpringerEng","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f8e5c71d-d9fd-4e51-9ea9-cd242615b7ff","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 1st, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-09-09T16:18:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4014624","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-024-00646-z","journal":{"identity":"eurasip-journal-on-image-and-video-processing","isVorOnly":false,"title":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing"},"publishedOn":"2024-09-02 16:08:28","publishedOnDateReadable":"September 2nd, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-01 03:23:49","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s13640-024-00646-z","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-024-00646-z","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4014624","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4014624","identity":"rs-4014624","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}