Real-Time characterization of particulate matter emissions from HVO- blended diesel using an integrated multi-instrument approach

Real-Time characterization of particulate matter emissions from HVO- blended diesel using an integrated multi-instrument approach | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Real-Time characterization of particulate matter emissions from HVO- blended diesel using an integrated multi-instrument approach Szabolcs Hodovány, Cheng Tung Chong, Viktor Józsa, Muhammad Qasim Mehmood, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7300666/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study investigates diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions from a 7 V/V% hydrotreated vegetable oil-diesel fuel blend (HVO7) compared to conventional diesel (B0) using a novel integrated real-time measurement system. The methodology combines photoacoustic spectroscopy, particle sizing, thermal treatment, and gas analysis to provide comprehensive, in-situ characterization of diesel particulate matter across various flue gas temperatures of different engine loads. This approach enables simultaneous assessment of particle size distributions, optical properties, and gas-phase emissions, overcoming limitations of traditional single-instrument methods. Results show that HVO7 reduces particle number concentrations, particularly under low-load conditions, while producing larger particles than B0, with reductions diminishing at higher engine loads. HVO7 exhibits lower black carbon emissions and varying organic matter content, influenced by operating conditions. Optical absorption measurements reveal distinct behavior, with HVO7 showing greater sensitivity to operational changes. A strong correlation between gas-phase nitrogen oxides and aerosol optical properties highlights a novel link, enhancing emission characterization. The proposed integrated methodology offers a robust framework for real-time DPM analysis, and the findings underscore the potential of HVO to mitigate PM emissions, contributing to sustainable fuel development and emission control strategies. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 10 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 11 Aug, 2025 Editor invited by journal 11 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 08 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7300666","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":501615437,"identity":"8dbe9549-0014-4f43-af18-d60f0432852f","order_by":0,"name":"Szabolcs Hodovány","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Szeged","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Szabolcs","middleName":"","lastName":"Hodovány","suffix":""},{"id":501615438,"identity":"db2dbf19-a032-47d6-a1d2-f9be8e890d3c","order_by":1,"name":"Cheng Tung Chong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong 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