Recycled Battery Separators as Low-cost, Selective, and Reusable Adsorbents for Methylene Blue

Recycled Battery Separators as Low-cost, Selective, and Reusable Adsorbents for Methylene Blue | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Short Report Recycled Battery Separators as Low-cost, Selective, and Reusable Adsorbents for Methylene Blue Eric M. Garcia, Hosane A. Taroco, Julio O. F Melo This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7868155/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 15 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Recycled lithium-ion battery separators function as effective, regenerable sorbents for methylene blue (MB). Electrolyte exposure “activates” the polyethylene surface—introducing polar/anionic functionalities that enhance uptake relative to pristine-like regions. Equilibrium modeling confirms higher capacity on the electrolyte-enriched domain ( \(\:{q}_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}=14.24\) mg g⁻¹) compared with the low-electrolyte-contact fragment ( \(\:{q}_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}=5.15\) mg g⁻¹). Van’t Hoff analysis indicates spontaneous, exothermic physisorption with ion-pairing/ion–dipole contributions, while kinetic fits (PFO/PSO, Elovich, Weber–Morris) reveal boundary-layer/heterogeneity effects governing the approach to equilibrium. The sorbent is readily regenerable by a mild acetone rinse and sustains ≥ 92% removal over ten cycles, underscoring a practical route to convert battery plastic waste into a low-cost, reusable adsorbent for wastewater remediation within a circular-economy framework. Li-ion battery recycling Li-ion Separator Methylene blue selective adsorbents Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SUPLEMENTARYMATERIAL.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 20 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 19 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 19 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 16 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 15 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7868155","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Short Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":531068225,"identity":"d3d41d54-f5d9-4541-83c0-48aa4c5b0063","order_by":0,"name":"Eric M. Garcia","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgaGDwxyIIpBgoHhAHFaGGcwGJOkhYGBmQeoBQSI08Ivfbjxs22bgT1zA/PB2zwMd/IJapHsS2yWzm0zSGxsYEu25mF4ZtlASIvBGcY25ty2PwmMDTxm0jwMhw0I2mIP0mIJdBhjA/834rQY8AC1MLYZMDY28LARp0XiDGOzZM85oF+a2Ywt5xg8I6yFv4f94YcfZQb2hu3ND2+8qbhDWAscGDaD3Um8BgYGeVIUj4JRMApGwcgCAGzvNGrD7o9pAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"UFSJ","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eric","middleName":"M.","lastName":"Garcia","suffix":""},{"id":531068226,"identity":"cccb05ca-8887-4e28-b940-40375f934c54","order_by":1,"name":"Hosane A. Taroco","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UFSJ","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hosane","middleName":"A.","lastName":"Taroco","suffix":""},{"id":531068227,"identity":"ce81bc48-605f-49c1-92fc-c3eb821b6d93","order_by":2,"name":"Julio O. 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Blue\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"ionics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":" Learn more about [Ionics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11581) ","snPcode":"11581","submissionUrl":"https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ionics","title":"Ionics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Li-ion battery recycling, Li-ion Separator, Methylene blue, selective adsorbents","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7868155/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7868155/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eRecycled lithium-ion battery separators function as effective, regenerable sorbents for methylene blue (MB). Electrolyte exposure \u0026ldquo;activates\u0026rdquo; the polyethylene surface\u0026mdash;introducing polar/anionic functionalities that enhance uptake relative to pristine-like regions. Equilibrium modeling confirms higher capacity on the electrolyte-enriched domain (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{q}_{\\text{m}\\text{a}\\text{x}}=14.24\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e mg g⁻\u0026sup1;) compared with the low-electrolyte-contact fragment (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{q}_{\\text{m}\\text{a}\\text{x}}=5.15\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e mg g⁻\u0026sup1;). Van\u0026rsquo;t Hoff analysis indicates spontaneous, exothermic physisorption with ion-pairing/ion\u0026ndash;dipole contributions, while kinetic fits (PFO/PSO, Elovich, Weber\u0026ndash;Morris) reveal boundary-layer/heterogeneity effects governing the approach to equilibrium. The sorbent is readily regenerable by a mild acetone rinse and sustains \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;92% removal over ten cycles, underscoring a practical route to convert battery plastic waste into a low-cost, reusable adsorbent for wastewater remediation within a circular-economy framework.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Recycled Battery Separators as Low-cost, Selective, and Reusable Adsorbents for Methylene Blue","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-21 12:44:14","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7868155/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-20T22:16:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-19T13:48:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-19T07:38:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-18T10:05:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-18T03:35:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"210430232674006957438477130272706184496","date":"2025-11-15T14:56:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"90950747096652650277937130982948011647","date":"2025-11-11T02:43:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"259359179301056453499193598349063493209","date":"2025-11-11T01:29:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"90333143209982987988020025103371847560","date":"2025-11-10T12:12:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"267706777517307013816377582597375688710","date":"2025-10-29T17:24:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"99421454872675036577622434268561967996","date":"2025-10-29T11:01:20+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-27T17:09:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-17T00:47:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-17T00:47:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Ionics","date":"2025-10-15T12:26:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"ionics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":" Learn more about [Ionics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11581) ","snPcode":"11581","submissionUrl":"https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ionics","title":"Ionics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"31f8a775-2d55-47f2-a956-bd1d83d9593e","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 21st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-04T17:08:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-21 12:44:14","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7868155","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7868155","identity":"rs-7868155","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}