A Survey of Annotated smORF-Encoded Polypeptides in Bacteria Interacting with Eukaryotic Hosts

A Survey of Annotated smORF-Encoded Polypeptides in Bacteria Interacting with Eukaryotic Hosts | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL PROTEOMICS This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 9 January 2025 V1 Latest version Share on A Survey of Annotated smORF-Encoded Polypeptides in Bacteria Interacting with Eukaryotic Hosts Authors : Gonzalo Zapata 0009-0005-9576-0276 , Ezequiel Mogro , Abril Pagnutti , Macarena Algañaras , Pilar Cañameras , Walter Draghi , Antonio Lagares , Daniela Bottero , and Mauricio Lozano 0000-0001-5253-7182 [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173640902.21179073/v1 Published PROTEOMICS Version of record Peer review timeline 290 views 137 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract smORF encoded polypeptides (SEPs) are difficult to predict due to their small size. While modern genome annotation tools are capable of identifying smORFs, their reliability is often uncertain. Furthermore, experimental validation of smORFs has primarily focused on a limited set of model organisms. Here we conduct a comprehensive analysis of annotated smORFs in a diverse range of bacteria interacting with eukaryotic hosts. Our analysis revealed that bacterial genomes typically harbor between 100 and 300 annotated smORFs, predominantly encoding SEPs exceeding 40 residues and annotated as hypothetical proteins. We show that functional annotation of SEPs can be improved to some extent with the currently available resources, and that SEPs exhibit distinct functional profiles in bacteria associated with different host types (plant vs. animal). We also found that most of the experimentally validated SEPs are conserved, and that all the annotated SEPs begin with methionine, while that is not always the case for the experimentally validated ones. Our findings underscore the need for improved annotation methods and further experimental characterization to fully understand the functional roles and evolutionary significance of smORFs in bacteria-host interactions. Supplementary Material File (zapata et all 2024. proteomics_final.docx) Download 781.97 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 09 January 2025 Peer review timeline Published PROTEOMICS Version of Record 2 Jun 2025 Published Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Collection PROTEOMICS Keywords micro peptides sep smorf sorf Authors Affiliations Gonzalo Zapata 0009-0005-9576-0276 Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecular View all articles by this author Ezequiel Mogro Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecular View all articles by this author Abril Pagnutti Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecular View all articles by this author Macarena Algañaras Centro de Investigaciones en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI) View all articles by this author Pilar Cañameras Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecular View all articles by this author Walter Draghi Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecular View all articles by this author Antonio Lagares Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecular View all articles by this author Daniela Bottero Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecular View all articles by this author Mauricio Lozano 0000-0001-5253-7182 [email protected] Instituto de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecular View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 290 views 137 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Gonzalo Zapata, Ezequiel Mogro, Abril Pagnutti, et al. A Survey of Annotated smORF-Encoded Polypeptides in Bacteria Interacting with Eukaryotic Hosts. Authorea . 09 January 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173640902.21179073/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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