A Study on Network Structure and Influence Characteristics of the Landscape Elements of Tang Poetr

A Study on Network Structure and Influence Characteristics of the Landscape Elements of Tang Poetr | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Study on Network Structure and Influence Characteristics of the Landscape Elements of Tang Poetr Zongsheng Huang, Nan Yao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2510032/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To further figure out the overall characteristics of gardens in Tang poetry, taking Tang poetry as the research object, the network construction and influence of Tang poetry landscape elements were studied by using the network text analysis method. As a result, the landscape elements in Tang poetry are rich and diverse, and there is a strong network structure relationship between the landscape elements, which is characterized by strong stability, balance, and weak vulnerability; there is a strong correlation between landscape elements, among which landscape elements such as mountains, roads, and water have a strong centrality; the agglomeration subgroup of landscape elements indicates that there is a potential correlation between landscape elements, which is embodied in the description of a certain type of landscape. Based on that, the organic connection of various landscape elements cannot be ignored in landscape construction; the characteristics of gardens in the Tang Dynasty and the results obtained from the research of network texts are smiliar, which are embodied in the K-kernel analysis results of landscape elements of various garden types; the analysis of network texts is also used to study classical garden landscapes, and domestic and foreign literary works can be used as research objects. Meanwhile, the results of this research have important theoretical and practical significance for the systematic protection and creative transformation and utilization of literati garden theoretical heritage, and the construction of modern landscapes. landscape elements influence network structure literati gardens Tang poetry 1. Introduction As an important literary carrier of the Tang Dynasty, Tang poetry is closely related to the landscape. Chinese classical gardens are one of the treasures of Chinese culture and its heyday was in the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, literati gardens also emerged at this time. Since then, Chinese garden landscapes have undergone a period of "preserve the gardens with poetries" and a large number of landscape elements have emerged, which provides a theoretical basis for later generation garden landscape design and has important reference significance [ 1 ]. With the development of landscape design today, copying the Western-style Garden style can no longer meet the needs of the public [2], so strengthening traditional cultural landscape aesthetics and its application research has played a positive role in promoting the revival of traditional culture. For the moment, on the research of traditional literary landscape, it is mainly carried out from two sides: poetry and its author. The former mainly focuses on gardens[3][4], plants[5][6], ecosystem[7] and other landscape elements or forms, and the latter interprets specific authors, such as Su Dongpo [8], Wang Wei and Tao Yuanming[9], etc. In terms of research content, the former mainly analyzes some landscape elements of poems, while the latter mainly studies the landscape in a certain poet's poems. However, there is no research on the complete poetry collections of the entire dynasty and the overall landscape characteristics of the poets, especially the literature on the quantitative research on the influence of the landscape elements of poetry has not been retrieved. Based on this, the text takes "The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry" and "Three Hundred Tang Poems" as the research objects, the network structure and influence of the landscape elements of Tang poetry were studied by using the network text analysis method, so as to understand the profound understanding of the literati of the Tang Dynasty on the natural landscape and social life as well as the common characteristics of the high appreciation ability for natural beauty and life beauty, and to further understand the overall characteristics of the Tang Dynasty gardens, and the guiding role of this common aesthetic theory on the construction and practice of modern gardens, it is expected to provide theoretical basis for the systematic protection and creative transformation and utilization of theory heritage of gardens in the Tang Dynasty . 2. Materials And Methods 2.1 Materials 2.1.1 Selection and Basis of Tang Poetry The objects of this study are “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” and “Three Hundred Tang Poems”. "The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry" is a collection of poems from the Tang Dynasty compiled in the early years of the Qing Dynasty. The book contains a total of 42,863 poems by 2,529 poets of the Tang Dynasty. It is the largest collection of poems in China, and it also fully characterizes the literary achievements of literati in the Tang Dynasty. “Three Hundred Tang Poems” was selected and compiled by retired scholars from Hengtang during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. It contains a total of 310 poems by 77 poets. The poets are all typical representatives of the poets of the Tang Dynasty, and it is the most popular poetry anthology in China since the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. The above two collections of poetry comprehensively and profoundly reflect the social conditions of the Tang Dynasty.[10][11], and contains a large number of natural and cultural landscapes of the Tang Dynasty, and detailed descriptions of landscape elements such as landscapes, buildings, plants, etc., reflects the profound understanding of the Tang Dynasty literati on natural landscapes and social life, as well as the high appreciation of beauty of nature and life. It is the most authentic and direct theoretical basis for the study of the Tang Dynasty[ 2 ]. Therefore, this study selects “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” for completeness and "Three Hundred Tang Poems" for typicality, and uses these two collections of poetry to analyze the influence of landscape elements in Tang poetry. 2.1.2 Tang Dynasty Garden The Tang Empire was the most powerful country in the world at that time, and as one of the manifestations of social ideology, gardens also reached the heyday of the development of Chinese classical gardens. The Tang Dynasty gardens at that time have six characteristics in “History of Chinese Gardens”, which are “the royal style” of royal gardens has been fully formed, the artistry of private gardens has been sublimated compared with the previous generation, the popularity of temple gardens is the result of the secularization of religion and it also in turn promoted the further secularization of religion and religious architecture, public gardens have been seen more in literature records, the use of creative skills and methods in landscape gardens has improved compared with the previous generation and has entered a new realm, the three art categories of landscape painting, landscape poetry, and landscape gardens have shown signs of mutual penetration. 2.2 Research methods 2.2.1 Determination of Landscape Elements in Tang Poems Chinese classical gardens divide garden elements into four categories, namely buildings, plants, rocks, and water. Besides, as the basic elements of garden construction, topography and land and roads are two major types of landscape elements and are of great importance. Therefore, the landscape elements studied in this paper are divided into the above six categories. Among them, the two categories of architecture and plants have more content and are more complex, and they are classified here to facilitate the internal analysis of the landscape elements. After the research, the statistical analysis of “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” and “Three Hundred Tang Poems” was carried out, and the classification and elements of Tang poetry landscapes were obtained as shown in Table 1. Table 1 .Table of keywords for classification of landscape elements in Tang poetry Type Key elements Major categories Minor categories Architecture Building name Court, palace garden, imperial garden, imperial residence, imperial residence, hall/ palace/ palace, que, garden, garden pavilion, pond house, mountain pond, mountain villa, other house, cottage, residence/居, courtyard, pavilion, gallery, thatched roof, residence, high cloister, fasting room, thatched cloister, temple, bell tower, pagoda, Taoist temple, nunnery, gate, great wall, bridge Architectural components Battlements, columns, doors, windows, walls, architraves, balustrades / appendages, gables, hollow doors Water features River, Stream, River, Lake, Sea, Water, Wave / Wave / Wave, Waterfall / Cascade, Stream, Creek, Pool, Ze, Microwave, Jade, Fine Stream, Bi Xu, Hollow, Golden Stream, Spiritual Source, Spiritual Liquid, Tide, Spring, Beach / Beach, Seg, Shore, Pond / Pond, Well, Ditch / Drain / Ditch, Bank, Boat / Ship / Barge / Boat / Boat Mountain Stone slope, mountain, range, ridge, peak, hill, rock, hill/gang, mound, ping, cliff, crag, mountain, cliff, wind/western rock, peak, hill Plants Trees Tree / wood, pine (Pinus Linn), cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl), peach (Prunus persica), bamboo / secluded yellow (Bambusoideae), nan (Phoebe zhennan), rowash (Catalpa bungei), locust (Styphnolobium japonicum), apricot (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam), Begonia Malus spectabilis), privet (Ligustrum lucidum), palm (Trachycarpus fortunei), maple (Acer spp), elm (Ulmus pumila L), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L), parasol (Firmiana simplex), lilac / lover Syringa oblata Lindl), acacia / faint (Albizia julibrissin Durazz), Mulan / Xinyi (Magnolia liliflora Desr), camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), tung (Vernicia fordii), orange / orange (Citrus reticulata), the fruit of medicinal cornel(Cornus), shaddock(Citrus maxima), bodhi(Ficus religiosa), areca-nut(Areca catechu), cherry(Prunus pseudocerasus), tambac(Aquilaria sinensis), 橙(Citrus sinensis), Chinese fan palm (Livistona chinensis), Coptis chinensis(Coptis chinensis), Ilex pur-purea (Ligustrum lucidum), sandalwood (Guaiacum sanctum), pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum), Gantang / pear (Flacourtia ramontchi), oak / oak (Quercus leana), Li / Lee (Prunus salicina) Shrubs Plum / fragrance / Qingke (Armeniaca mume Sieb), willow / poplar / green poplar / poplar (Salix babylonica L), cinnamon Osmanthus fragrans), camellia (Camellia japonica L), peony (Paeonia suffruticosa), Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq), pear (Pyrus The spp), hibiscus / hibiscus / hibiscus (HibiscussyriacusLinn), jasmine (Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl), smile (Michelia figo), rose (Rosa sp), pomegranate (Punica granatum L), incense (Radix Aucklandiae), Qionghua (Viburnum keteleeri), crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L), Tanchun (Chrysojasminum floridum), Chinese wolfberry (Lycium chinense Miller), Acer Acer truncatum), Hazel (Corylus heterophylla), Jasmine (Jasminum sambac) Herbaceous Orchid / orchid (Cymbidium ssp), banana (Musa basjoo Siebold), chrysanthemum / chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat), daffodils (Narcissus tazetta), grass / kidney yellow, grass / grass Ying / valley / seedling (Setaria italica), pu reed (Cortaderia selloana), peony / red medicine (Paeonia lactiflora), Wei (Vicia sativa), fern (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum), Hui (Cymbidium faberi), calamus (Acorus calamus), polygonum (Polygonaceae), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Artemisia (Artemisia selengensis) Aquatic, vine, other plants Rattan, lotus / lotus / Han / are / lotus / lotus root (Nelumbo SP), reed / reed / jia / rush / reed / rush (Phragmites australis), moss (Bryophyta), ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidum), grape (Vitis vinifera), diamond (Trapa natans), luo (Cuscuta australis) site (Ipomoea quamoclit), climbing luo (Ficus pumila) Plant organs Branches, leaves, stems, flowers/dots/falling red, fruits, stamens, melons Topography and land use sand/desert/desert, plain, hill, plateau, forest/forest, field/field/garden, city/city/city/urban, island/island, sierra/frontier, country/village/village, wilderness/wilderness Roads Trail / grove / boundary, street / road / path, lane, thoroughfare 2.2.2 Landscape Element Identification and Statistical Analysis Use WORD to mark the landscape elements in “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” and “Three Hundred Tang Poems”, and then manually filter the key words that are not related to the landscape, and change the words that cannot be recognized by the ROST CM6 software such as in Li Bai's poem “Don't you see the sad white hair in the bright mirror of Gaotang, which is black in the morning and turns white in the evening, in which “Gaotang” is interpreted as a parent, not a garden building, so it is screened out, another example, “stone” can’t be recognized by the ROST CM6 software as a separate word, so it is replaced by “rock”. After that, word frequency analysis was performed in the software to obtain high-frequency words of Tang poetry landscape elements, social network and semantic analysis were performed to derive co-word matrix. After that, in EXCEL, the obtained data and word data are restored to the landscape element words in Tang poetry, for example, “rock” is restored to “stone”, the obtained high-frequency word data is directly used as the result, and the obtained co-word matrix continues to be imported into the UCINET software to perform analytical processing. After that, the poems related to temple gardens, private gardens, royal gardens, public gardens, and landscape gardens were screened out, and the above operations were repeated. The resulting co-word matrix was also imported into UCINET for analysis. 2.2.3 Network Model Construction The network model was constructed for the identified landscape elements, and the co-word matrix of landscape elements in “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” was imported into UCINET software for network density calculation and centrality analysis. After the centrality analysis, the obtained data was standardized in SPSS software, so that the obtained data can be better compared and analyzed. Because the landscape elements in “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” are too mixed, other analysis cannot be carried out, and specific representations cannot be obtained. Therefore, “Three Hundred Tang Poems” are used to calculate K-core, Tangents, core-edge structures, and cohesive subgroups. The specific network model is constructed as follows: the co-word matrix obtained in ROST CM6 is imported into UCINET software, the network density calculation is performed to express the completeness of its network structure, the K-kernel calculation is performed to express its stability, and the point-cut model is constructed to show the completeness of its network structure. To determine its vulnerability, centrality calculation can indicate the degree of correlation between landscape elements and other landscape elements in the overall network structure, and potential relationships between landscape elements can be found in cohesive subgroup analysis. 2.2.4 Indicators and Calculations Table 2. Main Indicators, Meanings and Their Formulas Feature Index Meaning Formula High frequency words High-frequency words are words that appear frequently in a certain sample amount. By screening and sorting high-frequency words, we can understand the word habits and concerns of the respondents. - Completeness Network density Network density can be used to characterize the density of interconnected edges between nodes in a network. It is used to study the intensity of the relationship between various landscape elements [13] . Stability K-core The meaning of K-core is that each point in the network structure is connected to at least K nodes on average. The higher the value of K, the larger the proportion, the more stable components of a local network, and the most stable overall network [14] . - Vulnerability Cut-off point Pointcut refers to certain nodes in a network, once they are removed, the whole network will be separated into multiple independent parts [15] . - Importance Degree Centrality Degree centrality is the number of other nodes that are directly connected to a node. If a point is directly connected to many points, then the point has a higher degree centrality, which can analyze the degree centrality of the network as a whole, and test the relationship in the network structure. The degree of overall equilibrium in [16] . Closeness centrality The closeness centrality is the reciprocal of the sum of the shortest distances between a node and all other points in the graph. The closer a point is to other points, the less dependent the point is on other nodes in transmitting information, and the higher closeness centrality the point is [17] . Betweenness centrality Betweenness centrality measures the extent to which a node is able to be an intermediate point, that is, to what extent it controls other points [ 8] . Network structure Core edge structure The core-edge structure can distinguish the high-density network core and the low-density network edge in the network. The core area and edge area of the landscape element network are obtained by calculating the core edge structure [19] . - Cohesive subgroup A cohesive subgroup is a subset of a social network in which actors have relatively strong, direct, close, or positive relationships [20] . - 3. Results 3.1 Analysis of the importance of landscape elements in Tang poetry 3.1.1 Analysis of the importance of landscape in Tang poetry Table 3 The importance of landscape in Tang poetry Collected Poems Collected poems (first) Poems containing landscapes (first) Poems containing landscape as a percentage of poems included (%) The Complete Tang Poems 42863 41022 95.70% The Three Hundred Poems of Tang 310 295 95.16% Table 3 shows that the percentages of poems containing landscapes in the two collections of poems “The Complete Collection of Tang Poems” and “Three Hundred Tang Poems” accounted for 95.70% and 95.16% of the recorded poems respectively, indicating that landscape occupies a very important position in Tang poetry, reflecting the Tang Dynasty Contemporary poets generally have high ability and level of appreciation of landscape, which provides ability guarantee and theoretical basis for the rise of literati gardens. 3.1.2 Analysis on the Perceptibility and Attention of Landscape Elements in “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” Table 4 Frequency of Garden Element Types in Tang Poems Types of landscape elements Frequency of Occurrence of Various Landscape Elements in Quan Tang Poems Broad categories of landscape elements Sub-category Landscape Elements Sub-category Landscape Elements Broad categories of landscape elements Architecture Building name 40333 50758 Architectural components 10425 - Water bodies - - 51055 Mountain Stone - - 28327 Plants Trees and plants 20440 60673 Shrub plants 6784 Herbaceous plants 10257 Aquatic/vine plants and others 5320 Plant organs 17872 Topography and land use - - 20867 Roads - - 15070 Table 4 shows that: in the major landscape categories, the frequency of occurrence of landscape element types from most to small is: plants, water bodies, buildings, rocks, topography and land use, roads; in the sub-categories of plant landscapes, the frequency of occurrence from most to small is: frees, plant organs, herbs, shrubs, aquatic/vines and others. This result reflects the easiness and importance of landscape elements in Tang poetry, and to a certain extent, the frequency of these landscape elements in life and the poet's love. 3.1.3 The relationship between landscape elements in Tang poetry and the characteristics of Tang Dynasty gardens Table 5 Related words between landscape elements in Tang poetry and the characteristics of gardens in the Tang Dynasty Features of Tang Dynasty Gardens Associated Sign Landscape Elements Frequency of occurrence of landscape elements Percentage of poems with landscape elements in the collection Royal gardens of "royal style" have been formed imperial garden/garden, palace/garden/palace, queue, palace of heaven, garden/garden/garden, imperial residence, imperial residence, palace court 6504 11.33% The artistry of the private home forest has been elevated and is known for its typicality and detail Garden, garden pavilion, pond house, cottage, cottage, cottage, house/house, home, cottage 11170 20.54% Secularisation of the monastic gardens Monastery/Temple/Temple, Taoist Temple, Pagoda, Nunnery 2360 5.12% Public gardens have emerged Country/Village/Countryside, City/City/City/Urban 9570 18.61% Landscape gardening has crossed over into a new realm river, stream, river, lake, sea, water, wave/wave/wave, waterfall/cascade, stream, creek, pond, waterfall, microwave, jade liquid, fine stream, blue void, empty brightness, golden stream, spiritual source, spiritual liquid, tide, spring, beach/beach, ruse, shore, pool/pond/pond, well, ditch/channel/ditch, slope, mountain, range, peak, mountain, rock, hill/gang, hill 70232 67.85% It can be seen from Table 5 that the frequency of occurrence of landscape elements related to various gardens is from large to small: landscape gardens, private gardens, public gardens, royal gardens, and temple gardens. Among them, landscape gardens have the highest frequency, indicating that landscape gardens not only entered a new realm in the Tang Dynasty, but also integrated into other garden types. 3.2 Analysis of the network structure of landscape elements in the Tang Dynasty 3.2.1 Completeness Analysis Table 6 Network Density of Tang Poetry Landscape Elements Collected Poems Number of nodes Number of connections Network density The Complete Tang Poems 208 12800 0.59 The Three Hundred Poems of Tang 118 2101 0.30 Table 6 shows that the network density of landscape elements in “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” is 0.59, indicating that the relationship between various landscape elements is close, reflecting that the network structure of landscape elements in Tang poetry has a strong degree of completeness. 3.2.2 Stability Analysis Table 7 Landscape elements corresponding to the K-core value range in "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty" K-value range Landscape elements 31–32 Mountain, water, river, road/road/road, flower/road, city/city/municipality, home, door, tree/wood, temple/palace/palace, pavilion/building, grass, boat/boat, sea, countryside/village, sand/desert, stone, forest/forest, river, pine, leaf, wave/wave/wave, willow/yang flower, platform, house/house, courtyard/garden, spring, temple/temple, pond/pond, cave/cave, bamboo/yewang, branch, lotus/lotus/nymphaea/hibiscus, hall, lake, room/ house, stream, field/field, peak, mound, que, garden, peach, moss, mountain, pear, appendage, zephyr, river, plugs, well, cypress, garden, pepper, wutong, slope 21–30 xuan, maple, reed/reed/jia, cliff, bank, lane, pillar, pavilion, mansion, path, range, ridge, boat, waterfall/cascade, window, shore, bridge, grain/valley/miao, eaves 11–20 Plum, laurel, wall, beach, orchid, tide, stream, diamond, pond, melon, rowan, hibiscus, tung, date, chrysanthemum/chrysanthemum, thatch, banana 1–10 Elm, Drainage, Hints, Hibiscus, Island, Pavilion, Gate of Heaven, Acacia, Grape, Fir, Vine, Magnolia, Qu, Pagoda, Fruit, Shrine, Fern, Hall, Vine, Gambusia, Royal Garden, Artemisia, Gallery, Great Wall, Pomegranate, Dogwood Table 7 shows: the maximum value of K-core is 32 and the minimum value is 1, of which the proportion of 31–32 cores is 47.46%, the proportion of 21–30 cores is 16.10%; the proportion of 11–20 cores is 14.41%; the proportion of 1–10 cores is 22.03%, of which the component with the largest K value is the most, and with better stability. It shows that “Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty” has many network components of landscape elements, and the stability of the network structure is also high. 3.2.3 Vulnerability Analysis Table 8 Point-cut analysis of the network structure of landscape elements in Tang poetry Collected Poems Number of landscape elements Cut Points Proportion of cut points to the number of landscape elements The Complete Tang Poems 208 0 0.00% The Three Hundred Poems of Tang 118 2 1.69% It can be seen from Table 8 that in the landscape element network structure of “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry”, the number of tangent points is 0; in the landscape element social network structure of “Three Hundred Tang Poems”, the number of tangent points is 2, indicating that the number of tangent points is 2 except for shore, township/village. Outside these two nodes, the overall network will not be affected in any way, so the social network structure of landscape elements in Tang poetry is low in vulnerability. 3.3 Centrality analysis of the connection nodes of the landscape element network in “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” Table 9 Centrality analysis of network connection nodes of landscape elements in "The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry" Serial number Landscape elements Degree Center Degree Intermediary Centre Degree Proximity to centre Serial number Landscape elements Degree Center Degree Intermediary Centre Degree Proximity to centre 1 Mountains 3.78 0.88 1.41 26 Branch -0.41 0.39 0.85 2 Street/road/road 2.33 1.30 1.70 27 House / Residence -0.27 -0.37 0.30 3 Water 2.64 3.65 1.99 28 Sand / Desert / Desert -0.43 -0.88 -0.49 4 Flowers/Does/Falling Red 1.84 0.79 1.41 29 Springs -0.29 -0.32 0.03 5 River 1.11 0.13 0.69 30 Lotus / lotus / Nymphaea / Infinite / Hibiscus / Lotus root -0.42 0.10 -0.26 6 Tree/wood 1.40 2.33 1.41 31 River -0.52 -0.89 -0.62 7 Door 1.02 1.68 1.28 32 Creek -0.50 0.13 -0.75 8 home 0.71 1.08 0.85 33 Peak -0.57 -0.61 -0.49 9 City / Town / City / City 0.73 1.45 0.43 34 Temple/Temple/Temple -0.63 -0.51 -0.88 10 Loft / Building / Attic 0.64 0.76 1.41 35 Cave/Cave/Cavern -0.64 -0.59 -0.88 11 Grass/brass yellow 0.63 0.66 0.69 36 Sichuan -0.67 -0.15 -0.49 12 Forests/Sen/Forests 0.39 0.85 1.28 37 Window -0.79 -0.88 -0.75 13 Stone 0.49 0.61 1.11 38 Garden -0.70 -0.84 -0.62 14 Hall/Palace/Palace -0.03 0.12 0.56 39 Gram/wort/grain/sapling -0.69 -0.90 -0.62 15 Sea 0.24 -0.02 0.56 40 Field/field/garden -0.80 -0.68 -0.88 16 Ship/vessel/boat/boat/boat 0.06 -0.27 -0.36 41 Lake -0.84 -1.06 -2.09 17 Township / Village / Countryside -0.11 -0.47 -0.10 42 Room / House / Housing -0.78 0.02 0.30 18 Leaves -0.05 -0.05 0.56 43 Hall -0.85 -0.61 -0.75 19 Pine -0.02 -0.55 -0.26 44 Shore -0.78 -0.52 -1.01 20 Terrace -0.15 -0.71 -0.36 45 Pavilion -0.91 -0.67 -0.88 21 Bamboo/Inside -0.02 0.49 0.69 46 Serbia/Korea -0.93 -1.64 -2.42 22 Willow / Poplar / Green Poplar / Aspen -0.22 -0.66 -0.36 47 Orchids/Orchids -0.81 -0.70 -0.62 23 Courtyard / Court / Patio -0.22 1.38 0.69 48 Peach -0.84 -0.76 -0.49 24 Pond / Pond / Pond -0.16 -0.20 -0.10 49 Guilin -0.89 -1.11 -1.60 25 Waves/waves/waves -0.20 0.28 0.69 50 Trail / grove / border -0.85 -1.48 -1.73 It can be seen from Table 9 that the relationship among the degree centrality, betweenness centrality and betweenness centrality of each landscape element basically shows a positive correlation, which means that the closer the relationship with other landscape elements is, the stronger the connectivity in the network, and the closer the relationship with other landscape elements is. Other points are closer. Among them, the three landscape elements of mountains, streets/roads, flowers/falling reds leaves, lakes, and land have high degree centrality, but the betweenness centrality or closeness centrality is low, so they are spontaneous in the network The landscape elements of water, courtyard, branches, house are just the opposite, the degree centrality is low but the intermediate centrality or closeness centrality is high, which proves that these landscape elements play a pivotal role in the network. Location is a key point in the network structure. It can be understood that these landscape elements are important landscape carriers, or there are many surrounding landscape elements. 3.4 Subgroup analysis of landscape elements cohesion in “Three Hundred Tang Poems” Table 10 Density matrix of the top 50 landscape elements agglomeration subgroups in "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty" Cohesive subgroups 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 0.92 0.96 0.943 0.533 0.9 0.833 3 1 0.92 0.9 0.88 0.971 0.767 0.75 0.767 4 1 0.96 0.88 0.956 0.857 0.75 0.55 0.417 5 1 0.943 0.971 0.857 1 0.881 0.964 0.81 6 1 0.533 0.767 0.75 0.881 0.933 0.896 0.611 7 1 0.9 0.75 0.55 0.964 0.896 0.929 0.771 8 1 0.833 0.767 0.417 0.81 0.611 0.771 0.533 From Table 10 and Fig. 1, it can be seen that the network relationship of landscape elements in “Three Hundred Tang Poems” can be divided into 8 cohesive subgroups: the first is composed of mountains, water and flowers; the second house and willow/poplar; the third land, hall/palace, gate, and city/market; the fourth tree/wood, window, pond, garden, peach, branch, house/residential, pavilion and grass; the fifth river, spring, platform, sea, road, wave; the sixth leaf, hill, lotus/hibiscus, well, moss, and stone; the seventh pine, forest, peak, stream, field/idyllic, lake, courtyard/court and boat; the eighth trail, river, temple, cave and sand/desert. At the same time, the density of each cohesive subgroup is relatively high, and each cohesive subgroup can also be regarded as a common landscape scene in Tang poetry. It can be seen here that private gardens, such as the second and fourth groups, are closely related to plants and buildings; in the second and third groups, public gardens are inseparable from private gardens and royal gardens, and there is a situation of mutual influence; natural gardens, such as the first The five and seven groups of landscape elements are diverse and of high importance. Highlight the corresponding correlation within each garden type. 3.5 K-kernel analysis of landscape elements related to the characteristics of Tang Dynasty gardens in “Three Hundred Tang Poems” 3.5.1 K-core analysis of landscape elements of royal gardens in Tang Dynasty in “Three Hundred Tang Poems” Table 11 Landscape elements corresponding to the range of K-core values in Royal Gardens in "Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty" K-value range Landscape elements 31 Hall/Palace/Palace, Mountain, Flower/Do, Pavilion/Building, Road/Road, Gate, City/City/Market, River, Water, Que, Home, Willow/Poplar, River, Branch, Lotus/Lotus/ Nymphaea/Hibiscus, Pond/Pond, Court, Leaf, Grass, Hall, Spring, Peach, Room/House, Sea, Pear, Appendage, Pepper, Garden, Wutong, Bamboo/Yuhuang, Zephyr, Slope 11–20 Temple/Temple, Stone, Pine, Tree/Wood, Mountain, Cave/Cave, Cypress, Mound, Courtyard/Garden, Sand/Desert, Peak, Wave/Wave/Waves, Forest/Forest, Moss, Lake, Cliff, Waterfall/Cascade, Plug, House, Rowan, Hen, Pavilion 1–10 Pillar, maple, terrace, wall, house/house, boat/boat, gate, smiling, countryside/village, fir, pavilion, acacia, pagoda, imperial garden, window, shore, well, stream It can be seen from Table 11 that there are 72 landscape elements related to royal gardens in “Three Hundred Tang Poems”, of which the highest K-core is 31, and there are 32 landscape elements, accounting for 44.4%. Among the 31-core, There are 11 buildings (respectively: hall/palace, pavilion, gate, city/market, home, garden, hall, house, and garden), and 11 plants (respectively: : flower, willow/poplar, branch, lotus/hibiscus, leaf, grass, peach, pear, pepper, phoenix and bamboo), there are 7 water bodies (respectively: river, water, ponds, springs, seas and lakes), 2 rocks (mountains and slopes), and 1 road (road), showing that the network structure of Royal Gardens landscape elements is relatively stable. 3.5.2 K-core analysis of landscape elements of private gardens in Tang Dynasty in “Three Hundred Tang Poems” Table 12 Landscape elements corresponding to the range of K-core values in Private Gardens in "Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty" K-value range Landscape elements 31 Home, Mountain, Flower/Do, River, Road/Route/Road, Water, City/City/Market, Gate, Grass, Temple/Palace/Palace, Pavilion/Lou, Sea, Leaf, River, Spring, Garden, Pond/Pond, Bamboo/Yuhuang, Hall, Willow/Poplar Flower, Lotus/Lotus/ Nymphaea/Hibiscus, Room/House, Peach, Pear, Branch, Que, Appendage, Court, Ze, Pepper, Wutong, Slope 21–30 House/house, boat/boat, tree/wood, sand/desert, countryside/village, forest/forest, pine, wave/wave/wave, cave/cave, stone, courtyard/garden, terrace, river, maple, pluvial, lake, mansion, peak 11–20 Stream, field/field, well, cypress, reed/reed/jia, lane, beach, shore, boat, grain/valley/miao, mountain, waterfall/cascade, cliff, mountain range, window, moss, pillar, plum, bridge, rowan, tung, haphazard, date, pavilion 1–10 Thatch, Elm, Gable, Path, Hen, Chrysanthemum/Chrysanthemum, Diamond, Laurel, Grape, Quay, Shore, Ridge, Fruit, Pavilion, Gallery Table 12 shows that there are 89 landscape elements related to private gardens in “Three Hundred Tang Poems”, of which the highest K-core is 31, and there are 32 landscape elements, accounting for 35.96%, indicating the network structure of private garden landscape elements Good stability, in 31-core, there are 10 buildings (respectively: home, city/market, gate, hall/palace, pavilion, garden, hall, house and garden), 10 plants (respectively: grass, leaf, bamboo, willow/poplar, lotus/hanli/hibiscus, peach, pear, branch, pepper and sycamore), and 6 water (respectively: river, water, sea, spring, pond and swamp), 2 rocks (respectively: mountain, slope), and 1 road (road). When the landscape elements of royal gardens are compared with those of private gardens, it can be found that their landscape elements are quite similar, which once again proves that Royal Gardenss are keen to imitate private gardens in the construction process. 3.5.3 K-core analysis of landscape elements of Monastic Gardens in Tang Dynasty in “Three Hundred Tang Poems” Table 13 Landscape elements corresponding to the range of K-core values in Monastic Gardens in "Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty" K-value range Landscape elements 12 Temple/Temple, Mountain, Stone, Temple/Palace/Palace, Road/Road, Tree/Tree, Pine, River, Peak, Water, Forest/Forest, Path, Gate, Hall, Pavilion/Building, River, Countryside/Village, Wave/Wave, Mound, Branch, Cypress, Sand/Desert, Leaf, Sea, Eaves, Moss 4–11 Stream, ridge, banana, pavilion, boat/boat, pillar, mountain, wall, pond, flower/do, house/house, spring, xuan, fir, platform, acacia, pagoda, field/field, pavilion, city/city/city, maple, courtyard/garden, lotus/lien/nymphaea/ hibiscus, bamboo/yellow bamboo From Table 13 , it can be seen that there are 50 landscape elements related to temple gardens in “Three Hundred Tang Poems”, of which the highest K-core is 12, and there are 26 landscape elements, accounting for 52%, indicating the network of temple garden landscape elements. The structural stability is good. In 31-core, there are 7 buildings (respectively: temple, hall/palace, gate, hall, pavilion township/village, eaves), and 6 plants ( Respectively: tree/wood, pine, branch, cypress, leaf, moss), 5 water (respectively: river, water, wave, sea), 4 rocks (respectively: mountain, stone, peak, hill), 2 roads (respectively: road, trail), and 2 topography and land use (respectively: forest, sand/desert). Although there are few landscape elements in temple gardens, they are quite recognizable. For example, landscape elements such as pine, cypress, mountains, stones, and peaks can directly outline the scene of temple views in mountains and forests, showing that temple gardens are more and more similar to private gardens. In addition, the "tower", a common element of temple garden landscape in the early stage, has gradually disappeared, further indicating the achievement of the secularization of temple gardens. 3.5.4 K-core analysis of landscape elements of public gardens in Tang Dynasty in “Three Hundred Tang Poems” Table 14 Landscape elements corresponding to the range of K-core values in public gardens in "Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty" K-value range Landscape elements 31 City/city/municipality, mountain, river, home, water, road/road/road, flower/do, door, grass, sea, temple/palace/palace, pavilion/stairs, river, willow/yang flower, spring, leaf, pond/pond, que, house/house, bamboo/yewang, branch, garden, pear, lotus/lien/nymphaea/hibiscus, garden, peach, hall, appendix, zephyr, wutong, pepper, slope 21–30 Tree/wood, countryside/village, boat/boat, forest/forest, house/dwelling, cave/cave, wave/wave/wave, sand/desert, platform, rock, pine, river, lake, peak, stream, well, cliff, mountain range, courtyard/garden, field/field, hill 11–20 Mountains, shores, maples, reeds, beaches, boats, lanes, temples, houses, waterfalls, ridge, paths, pavilions, bridges, dates, tung, banks, cypresses, grasses, valleys, seedlings 1–10 Tide, window, ditch, eaves, elm, wall, laurel, vine, grape, fir, plum, quay, xuan, chrysanthemum/chrysanthemum, shrine, imperial garden, dogwood From Table 14 , it can be seen that there are 90 landscape elements related to public gardens in “Three Hundred Tang Poems”, of which the highest K-core is 31, and there are 32 landscape elements, accounting for 35.56%, indicating a network of public garden landscape elements The structural stability is good. In the 31-core, there are 11 buildings (respectively: city/market, home, door, hall/palace pavilion, house, garden, garden, church), there are 11 plants (respectively: flower, grass, willow/poplar, leaf, bamboo, branch, pear, lotus/hibiscus, peach, sycamore, pepper), There are 7 water (respectively: river, water, sea, spring, pond, swamp), 2 rocks (respectively: mountain, slope), and 1 road (road). The landscape elements related to public gardens are relatively abundant. It can be seen that public gardens have appeared at this time and have outstanding social effects, which have attracted widespread attention from poets. 3.5.5 K-core analysis of natural garden landscape elements in Tang Dynasty in "Three Hundred Tang Poems” Table 15 Landscape elements corresponding to the range of K-core values of natural garden landscape in "Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty" K-value range Landscape elements 32 mountain, water, river, road/road/road, flower/do, city/city/municipality, tree/wood, door, home, boat/boat, sea, pavilion/building, grass, temple/palace/palace, stone, sand/desert, river, forest/forest, countryside/village, wave/wave/wave, pine, terrace, willow/yang flower, leaf, pond/pond, spring, house/house, temple/temple, lake, cave/cavern, courtyard/garden, bamboo/yewang, lotus/lotus/nymphaea/hibiscus, stream, hall, peak mound, queue, branch, moss, mountain, house/house, peach, pear, zephyr, garden, appendage 31 Chuan, Se, Tian/Tian Yuan, Wells, Court, Pepper, Sycamore, Po 21–30 cypress, reed/reed/jia, maple, cliff, bank, xuan, pillar, mansion, path, pavilion, range, boat, waterfall/cascade, lane, ridge, bank, eaves 11–20 Window, Bridge, Plum, Harvest/Valley/Mowers, Wall, Beach, Laurel, Orchid, Tide, Stream, Diamond, Pool, Melon, Rowan, Hopscotch, Tung, Date, Chrysanthemum/Chrysanthemum, Thatch, Banana 1–10 Elm, drain, hibiscus, island, pavilion, palace, vetch, fir, grape, smiling, acacia, fruit, tower, magnolia, fern, imperial garden, artemisia, great wall From Table 15 , it can be seen that there are 110 landscape elements related to natural gardens in "Three Hundred Tang Poems ", of which the highest K-core is 32, and there are 47 landscape elements, accounting for 42.73%, indicating a natural garden landscape. The structural stability of the element network is good. In the 31-core, there are 15 buildings (respectively: city/market, gate, home, pavilion, hall/palace, township/village, platform, house) There are 12 water (respectively: water, river, boat, sea, river, wave, pool/pond, spring, lake, stream, marsh), 11 plants (respectively: flower, tree/wood, grass, pine, willow/poplar, leaf, bamboo, lotus/ hibiscus, branch, moss, peach, pear), 6 rocks (respectively: mountains, rocks, caves/caves, peaks, mounds, mountains), 2 topography and land use (respectively: desert, forest), and 1 road (road). The elements of natural garden landscape are rich and common in royal gardens, private gardens and temple gardens, and are closely related to them. It can be seen that no matter what kind of garden type is based on natural landscapes. At the same time, some man-made objects appeared in landscape gardens, which proves that people's attitude towards nature at this time has gone beyond the primitive worship of nature, but moved towards closeness to nature, which belongs to the transitional stage of worshiping nature to transforming nature during which people are more harmony with nature. 4. Discussion 4.1 The enlightenment of network text analysis method to the analysis of literary works This paper uses two text analysis software ROST CM 6 and UCINET to analyze the landscape elements of "The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry" and “Three Hundred Tang Poems”. The k-kernel also has strong stability, which is consistent with the research results of Zhou Weiquan[ 21 ] in the history of Chinese gardens. It can be seen that the network text analysis can quantitatively analyze literary works, and quantification can make the research results more specific and more credible. In addition, using quantitative research methods to deal with huge text data can better screen and avoid omissions, which makes up for the shortcomings of Ma Yajie's research[ 22 ]. The conclusions obtained are not only used to verify the previous research results, but the quantitative research results can also provide a theoretical basis for the protection and inheritance of classical garden heritage, and can also be used as a reference for modern landscape construction. Therefore, the network text analysis method can be used as a research method for quantitative analysis of literary works. For example, the network structure of landscape elements in literary works such as Song ci, Yuan opera, Ming and Qing novels can obtain the characteristics of gardens in the time period, and can also be used for research The corresponding landscape features can be derived from foreign literary works. 4.2 The network structure and influence characteristics of landscape elements in Tang poetry Judging from the proportion of Tang poems with landscape elements in "The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry" and “Three Hundred Tang Poems”, without landscape Tang poems would lack a lot of creative themes. An important carrier of landscape, which laid the foundation for the rise of literati gardens. Among the major types of landscape elements, the poet prefers plants, water bodies and buildings, and among the plant sub-categories, trees and plant organs are more preferred. It can be understood that such landscape elements attract the poet's attention more, and such landscape directly affects the poet's view of landscape. degree of preference. Among all kinds of gardens, landscape gardens, private gardens and public gardens appear the most. It can be seen that such gardens are more common in real life than royal gardens and temple gardens, and it is easier for poets to describe them. To sum up: descriptions of landscape elements appear in Tang poetry in large numbers, among which plants, water bodies, and buildings appear more frequently. Among many types of gardens, poets prefer to describe common landscapes. The network structure of landscape elements in Tang poetry has a strong degree of completeness and stability, but its vulnerability is weak, which shows that the correlation between various landscapes in Tang poetry is relatively high, and the network elements are closely related. There is a positive correlation between centrality and the frequency of landscape elements. Some key landscape elements have low centrality and high betweenness centrality or closeness centrality, such as water, courtyard, branches, etc., indicating that their frequency may not be high but in a pivotal position, it is an important landscape carrier or such landscapes often appear at the same time as other landscapes. In the cohesion subgroup, we can see the common landscape elements in some garden types, such as private gardens, natural gardens, etc. The landscape elements in these types have strong correlation. From the internal connection of various types of garden landscape elements, it can be concluded that the existing landscape elements have their own unique characteristics in various types of landscape types. Similar to the landscape elements of private gardens, it proves that royal gardens intentionally imitated private gardens when they were constructed; the abundance of landscape elements related to public gardens shows that public gardens also developed to a certain extent in the Tang Dynasty; some artificial objects appeared in natural gardens, However, the transformation of nature is not strong, and it belongs to the state of being close to nature, which proves that man and nature have reached the stage of harmonious coexistence at this time. This research is basically consistent with the research of Zhou Weiquan[ 21 ] and Wu Jin[ 23 ]. 4.3 Inspiration from the network relationship of landscape elements in Tang poetry to the heritage protection and inheritance of classical gardens and the construction of modern landscapes This research analyzes the landscape elements and their network structures in "The Complete Collection of Tang Poems" and "Three Hundred Tang Poems". The results show that the network structure of landscape elements in Tang poems is closely related, and there are differences between landscape elements in each landscape type. Distinctive. In the network of elements of Tang poetry, although the ontology of cultural relics is the center of the network structure, it is not the ontology that occurs most frequently, but the external environment of the ontology. Therefore, while protecting the heritage of classical gardens at this stage, we should not only focus on protecting the ontology of cultural relics It is also necessary to protect the external environment of cultural relics. The results of this study are similar to those of Zhao Xing[ 24 ]. The protection of classical garden heritage is not only material cultural heritage, but also intangible cultural heritage. The construction techniques, skills and artistic conception of gardens are the splendid treasures in Chinese traditional culture. Therefore, studying the landscape elements in classical literary works is also the protection of classical gardens. One of the ways of inheritance. The network relationship of landscape elements in Tang poetry is reflected in the subsequent gardens and landscape construction. When building gardens, it is inevitable to draw on the description of landscapes in ancient literature. The more extensive reference used in the garden is quite "poetic and picturesque" in the existing gardens after the Tang Dynasty, which is similar to the research results of Wu Ziyuan[ 25 ]. As a literary work issued by the scholar-bureaucrats of the Tang Dynasty, Tang poetry recorded a large number of scenes in the Tang Dynasty in words, giving modern scholars the opportunity to appreciate and study the landscape of the Tang Dynasty, and at the same time allowing modern designers in the process of creation. Learn from it. In this study, the frequency of plants, buildings, and water bodies is relatively high. It can be concluded that people pay more attention to these types of landscape elements. Among them, the plant part pays more attention to trees and herbs. Such landscapes should be paid attention to in the design process. More attention should be paid to the elements, and we should try to deal with this in more detail. Secondly, for important landscape nodes such as water, courtyards, etc., which are in the center of the network structure, they need to focus on processing, and pay attention to the connection between landscape elements and their related landscapes. Designers need to deal with the creation of surrounding landscapes when designing.. It can be seen from the analysis that royal gardens are generally located in cities, private gardens are located in cities or rural areas, and temple gardens are generally located in mountains and forests, and the related landscape elements are also slightly different. It can be seen that when dealing with various landscapes, it is necessary to choose according to needs. site and treatment, so as to achieve the purpose of coordinating landscape and demand. 5. Conclusion The landscape elements in Tang poetry are rich and diverse, and can form a highly stable network structure; the importance of landscape elements in Tang poetry is from high to low: plants, water, buildings, rocks, topography and land use, roads; a certain correlation, which is embodied in different degrees of importance, stability, etc., among which the relationship between elements such as mountains, streets, and water is at the core of the network; there is a potential correlation between landscape elements, which is embodied in the landscape of a certain type of landscape. The particularity and relevance of elements; the similarity between the landscape elements of royal gardens and private gardens is very high, which shows that royal gardens imitate private gardens; temple gardens have common landscape elements in other gardens, and the secularization of temple gardens is further ; The elements of public garden landscape are rich, which can be characterized as the development of public gardens to a certain extent; the existence of natural gardens and various gardens proves that the relationship between the Tang Dynasty and nature is close to nature. This paper innovatively uses the network text analysis method to study the landscape elements in Tang poetry and the relationship between them, so as to achieve the result of quantifying the relevant data in the text. In the subsequent research, this method can also be used to achieve the digitization and Standardization makes research more intuitive and scientific. Modern people have long been tired of Western regulatory landscapes, and the cultural revival policy has also made the public pay more attention to ancient Chinese culture. In the process of modern landscape construction, the methods and principles of Chinese classical landscape construction cannot be ignored. At the same time, we can obtain the corresponding theoretical basis for the construction of modern landscape by excavating traditional culture. The results of this research are of great significance to the protection of Chinese classical gardens, and can be used in activities such as the restoration of classical garden cultural relics protection planning, the construction of modern landscapes, and the promotion of traditional Chinese culture, providing a reference for future quantitative research on Chinese classical garden landscapes. Abbreviations Not applicable Declarations Availability of data and materials The data in this paper come from the Chinese classical poems "Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty" and "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". ROST CM6 and UCINET are used for data processing. Competing interests The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Funding This study has been partially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project (Grant numbers 51868008 and 51978187). Authors' Contributions methodology, N.Y., data curation, N.Y., writing—original draft preparation, N.Y., visualization, N.Y.,review, H.Z.,All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Acknowledgements he authors are thankful to reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions to an earlier edition of this article. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2510032","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":173639513,"identity":"d8a3e7c1-8cc8-4221-ab29-ea93870b73b9","order_by":0,"name":"Zongsheng Huang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNmaGxAcfKth4+NmbDxCnhY+d4bHhjDN8MpI9xxKI0yLHz/hMmrNFzsZgRo4BsQ5jTpNmbDDjMeA58/HGGwY7Od0GglrYkq0Ld6TxmLP3bracw5BsbHaAoBaexNszzxzjsew5u02ah+FA4jbCWvg/SPO2/ecxuJHzjFgtDElALWwgLWxEa0kGBjIbDzCQjS3nGBDhF/n+A+CotAdG5cMbbyrs5AhqQQESPERGDbIWUnWMglEwCkbBiAAA9Pc+P9TqYjwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Zongsheng Huang，Guizhou University，Guiyang Institute of Humanities and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zongsheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":173639514,"identity":"022182a7-f22f-4381-99bf-0e3d3b056a0a","order_by":1,"name":"Nan Yao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nan Yao，Guizhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nan","middleName":"","lastName":"Yao","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-01-24 11:14:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2510032/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2510032/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":38711642,"identity":"5b82c7b8-8819-4095-8f6a-8e1eaa640753","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-06-17 20:44:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":697686,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2510032/v1/286f4687-e650-4e77-bbdb-be5443f1c163.pdf"},{"id":32586292,"identity":"dfbaa9c8-6bb1-4a5c-a314-09ae2b392b5a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-07 12:09:07","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":7100736,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"file.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2510032/v1/fcbdb1cef9ccc88f03f46a79.docx"},{"id":32586291,"identity":"b674a638-5bb7-4b27-8715-6f7a16045501","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-07 12:09:07","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":67413,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"file.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2510032/v1/7b897ddf89ca6a78881a1693.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Study on Network Structure and Influence Characteristics of the Landscape Elements of Tang Poetr","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAs an important literary carrier of the Tang Dynasty, Tang poetry is closely related to the landscape. Chinese classical gardens are one of the treasures of Chinese culture and its heyday was in the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, literati gardens also emerged at this time. Since then, Chinese garden landscapes have undergone a period of \u0026quot;preserve the gardens with poetries\u0026quot; and a large number of landscape elements have emerged, which provides a theoretical basis for later generation garden landscape design and has important reference significance [\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e]. With the development of landscape design today, copying the Western-style Garden style can no longer meet the needs of the public [2], so strengthening traditional cultural landscape aesthetics and its application research has played a positive role in promoting the revival of traditional culture.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the moment, on the research of traditional literary landscape, it is mainly carried out from two sides: poetry and its author. The former mainly focuses on gardens[3][4], plants[5][6], ecosystem[7] and other landscape elements or forms, and the latter interprets specific authors, such as Su Dongpo [8], Wang Wei and Tao Yuanming[9], etc. In terms of research content, the former mainly analyzes some landscape elements of poems, while the latter mainly studies the landscape in a certain poet\u0026apos;s poems. However, there is no research on the complete poetry collections of the entire dynasty and the overall landscape characteristics of the poets, especially the literature on the quantitative research on the influence of the landscape elements of poetry has not been retrieved. Based on this, the text takes \u0026quot;The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry\u0026quot; and \u0026quot;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026quot; as the research objects, the network structure and influence of the landscape elements of Tang poetry were studied by using the network text analysis method, so as to understand the profound understanding of the literati of the Tang Dynasty on the natural landscape and social life as well as the common characteristics of the high appreciation ability for natural beauty and life beauty, and to further understand the overall characteristics of the Tang Dynasty gardens, and the guiding role of this common aesthetic theory on the construction and practice of modern gardens, it is expected to provide theoretical basis for the systematic protection and creative transformation and utilization of theory heritage of gardens in the Tang Dynasty .\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials And Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.1 Materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.1.1 Selection and Basis of Tang Poetry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe objects of this study are “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” and “Three Hundred Tang Poems”. \"The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry\" is a collection of poems from the Tang Dynasty compiled in the early years of the Qing Dynasty. The book contains a total of 42,863 poems by 2,529 poets of the Tang Dynasty. It is the largest collection of poems in China, and it also fully characterizes the literary achievements of literati in the Tang Dynasty. “Three Hundred Tang Poems” was selected and compiled by retired scholars from Hengtang during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. It contains a total of 310 poems by 77 poets. The poets are all typical representatives of the poets of the Tang Dynasty, and it is the most popular poetry anthology in China since the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. The above two collections of poetry comprehensively and profoundly reflect the social conditions of the Tang Dynasty.[10][11], and contains a large number of natural and cultural landscapes of the Tang Dynasty, and detailed descriptions of landscape elements such as landscapes, buildings, plants, etc., reflects the profound understanding of the Tang Dynasty literati on natural landscapes and social life, as well as the high appreciation of beauty of nature and life. It is the most authentic and direct theoretical basis for the study of the Tang Dynasty[\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e]. Therefore, this study selects “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” for completeness and \"Three Hundred Tang Poems\" for typicality, and uses these two collections of poetry to analyze the influence of landscape elements in Tang poetry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.1.2 Tang Dynasty Garden\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Tang Empire was the most powerful country in the world at that time, and as one of the manifestations of social ideology, gardens also reached the heyday of the development of Chinese classical gardens. The Tang Dynasty gardens at that time have six characteristics in “History of Chinese Gardens”, which are “the royal style” of royal gardens has been fully formed, the artistry of private gardens has been sublimated compared with the previous generation, the popularity of temple gardens is the result of the secularization of religion and it also in turn promoted the further secularization of religion and religious architecture, public gardens have been seen more in literature records, the use of creative skills and methods in landscape gardens has improved compared with the previous generation and has entered a new realm, the three art categories of landscape painting, landscape poetry, and landscape gardens have shown signs of mutual penetration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.2 Research methods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.2.1 Determination of Landscape Elements in Tang Poems\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChinese classical gardens divide garden elements into four categories, namely buildings, plants, rocks, and water. Besides, as the basic elements of garden construction, topography and land and roads are two major types of landscape elements and are of great importance. Therefore, the landscape elements studied in this paper are divided into the above six categories. Among them, the two categories of architecture and plants have more content and are more complex, and they are classified here to facilitate the internal analysis of the landscape elements. After the research, the statistical analysis of “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” and “Three Hundred Tang Poems” was carried out, and the classification and elements of Tang poetry landscapes were obtained as shown in Table 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.Table of keywords for classification of landscape elements in Tang poetry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"25.252525252525253%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eType\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"74.74747474747475%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKey elements\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMajor categories\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"50%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinor categories\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArchitecture\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBuilding name\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"75.51020408163265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCourt, palace garden, imperial garden, imperial residence, imperial residence, hall/ palace/ palace, que, garden, garden pavilion, pond house, mountain pond, mountain villa, other house, cottage, residence/居, courtyard, pavilion, gallery, thatched roof, residence, high cloister, fasting room, thatched cloister, temple, bell tower, pagoda, Taoist temple, nunnery, gate, great wall, bridge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.953488372093023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArchitectural components\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"86.04651162790698%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBattlements, columns, doors, windows, walls, architraves, balustrades / appendages, gables, hollow doors\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWater features\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"75.51020408163265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRiver, Stream, River, Lake, Sea, Water, Wave / Wave / Wave, Waterfall / Cascade, Stream, Creek, Pool, Ze, Microwave, Jade, Fine Stream, Bi Xu, Hollow, Golden Stream, Spiritual Source, Spiritual Liquid, Tide, Spring, Beach / Beach, Seg, Shore, Pond / Pond, Well, Ditch / Drain / Ditch, Bank, Boat / Ship / Barge / Boat / Boat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMountain Stone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"75.51020408163265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eslope, mountain, range, ridge, peak, hill, rock, hill/gang, mound, ping, cliff, crag, mountain, cliff, wind/western rock, peak, hill\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlants\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrees\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"75.51020408163265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTree / wood, pine (Pinus Linn), cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl), peach (Prunus persica), bamboo / secluded yellow (Bambusoideae), nan (Phoebe zhennan), rowash (Catalpa bungei), locust (Styphnolobium japonicum), apricot (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam), Begonia Malus spectabilis), privet (Ligustrum lucidum), palm (Trachycarpus fortunei), maple (Acer spp), elm (Ulmus pumila L), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L), parasol (Firmiana simplex), lilac / lover Syringa oblata Lindl), acacia / faint (Albizia julibrissin Durazz), Mulan / Xinyi (Magnolia liliflora Desr), camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), tung (Vernicia fordii), orange / orange (Citrus reticulata), \u0026nbsp;the fruit of medicinal cornel(Cornus), shaddock(Citrus maxima), bodhi(Ficus religiosa), areca-nut(Areca catechu), cherry(Prunus pseudocerasus), tambac(Aquilaria sinensis), 橙(Citrus sinensis), Chinese fan palm (Livistona chinensis), Coptis chinensis(Coptis chinensis), Ilex pur-purea (Ligustrum lucidum), sandalwood (Guaiacum sanctum), pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum), Gantang / pear (Flacourtia ramontchi), oak / oak (Quercus leana), Li / Lee (Prunus salicina)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.953488372093023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShrubs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"86.04651162790698%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlum / fragrance / Qingke (Armeniaca mume Sieb), willow / poplar / green poplar / poplar (Salix babylonica L), cinnamon Osmanthus fragrans), camellia (Camellia japonica L), peony (Paeonia suffruticosa), Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq), pear (Pyrus The spp), hibiscus / hibiscus / hibiscus (HibiscussyriacusLinn), jasmine (Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl), smile (Michelia figo), rose (Rosa sp), pomegranate (Punica granatum L), incense (Radix Aucklandiae), Qionghua (Viburnum keteleeri), crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L), Tanchun (Chrysojasminum floridum), Chinese wolfberry (Lycium chinense Miller), Acer Acer truncatum), Hazel (Corylus heterophylla), Jasmine (Jasminum sambac)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.953488372093023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHerbaceous\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"86.04651162790698%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrchid / orchid (Cymbidium ssp), banana (Musa basjoo Siebold), chrysanthemum / chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat), daffodils (Narcissus tazetta), grass / kidney yellow, grass / grass Ying / valley / seedling (Setaria italica), pu reed (Cortaderia selloana), peony / red medicine (Paeonia lactiflora), Wei (Vicia sativa), fern (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum), Hui (Cymbidium faberi), calamus (Acorus calamus), polygonum (Polygonaceae), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Artemisia (Artemisia selengensis)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.953488372093023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAquatic, vine, other plants\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"86.04651162790698%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRattan, lotus / lotus / Han / are / lotus / lotus root (Nelumbo SP), reed / reed / jia / rush / reed / rush (Phragmites australis), moss (Bryophyta), ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidum), grape (Vitis vinifera), diamond (Trapa natans), luo (Cuscuta australis) site (Ipomoea quamoclit), climbing luo (Ficus pumila)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.953488372093023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlant organs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"86.04651162790698%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBranches, leaves, stems, flowers/dots/falling red, fruits, stamens, melons\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTopography and land use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"75.51020408163265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esand/desert/desert, plain, hill, plateau, forest/forest, field/field/garden, city/city/city/urban, island/island, sierra/frontier, country/village/village, wilderness/wilderness\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRoads\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"75.51020408163265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrail / grove / boundary, street / road / path, lane, thoroughfare\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.2.2 Landscape Element Identification and Statistical Analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUse WORD to mark the landscape elements in “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” and “Three Hundred Tang Poems”, and then manually filter the key words that are not related to the landscape, and change the words that cannot be recognized by the ROST CM6 software such as in Li Bai's poem “Don't you see the sad white hair in the bright mirror of Gaotang, which is black in the morning and turns white in the evening, in which “Gaotang” is interpreted as a parent, not a garden building, so it is screened out, another example, “stone” can’t be recognized by the ROST CM6 software as a separate word, so it is replaced by “rock”. After that, word frequency analysis was performed in the software to obtain high-frequency words of Tang poetry landscape elements, social network and semantic analysis were performed to derive co-word matrix. After that, in EXCEL, the obtained data and word data are restored to the landscape element words in Tang poetry, for example, “rock” is restored to “stone”, the obtained high-frequency word data is directly used as the result, and the obtained co-word matrix continues to be imported into the UCINET software to perform analytical processing. After that, the poems related to temple gardens, private gardens, royal gardens, public gardens, and landscape gardens were screened out, and the above operations were repeated. The resulting co-word matrix was also imported into UCINET for analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.2.3 Network Model Construction\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe network model was constructed for the identified landscape elements, and the co-word matrix of landscape elements in “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” was imported into UCINET software for network density calculation and centrality analysis. After the centrality analysis, the obtained data was standardized in SPSS software, so that the obtained data can be better compared and analyzed. Because the landscape elements in “The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry” are too mixed, other analysis cannot be carried out, and specific representations cannot be obtained. Therefore, “Three Hundred Tang Poems” are used to calculate K-core, Tangents, core-edge structures, and cohesive subgroups. The specific network model is constructed as follows: the co-word matrix obtained in ROST CM6 is imported into UCINET software, the network density calculation is performed to express the completeness of its network structure, the K-kernel calculation is performed to express its stability, and the point-cut model is constructed to show the completeness of its network structure. To determine its vulnerability, centrality calculation can indicate the degree of correlation between landscape elements and other landscape elements in the overall network structure, and potential relationships between landscape elements can be found in cohesive subgroup analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.2.4 Indicators and Calculations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2. Main Indicators, Meanings and Their Formulas\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"676\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.798816568047338%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeature\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.31360946745562%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndex \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.84615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMeaning\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.041420118343197%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFormula\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.798816568047338%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.31360946745562%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh frequency words\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.84615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh-frequency words are words that appear frequently in a certain sample amount. By screening and sorting high-frequency words, we can understand the word habits and concerns of the respondents.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.041420118343197%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.798816568047338%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompleteness\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.31360946745562%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNetwork density\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.84615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNetwork density can be used to characterize the density of interconnected edges between nodes in a network. It is used to study the intensity of the relationship between various landscape elements \u003csup\u003e[13]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.041420118343197%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" height=\"80\" width=\"147\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.798816568047338%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.31360946745562%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK-core\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.84615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe meaning of K-core is that each point in the network structure is connected to at least K nodes on average. The higher the value of K, the larger the proportion, the more stable components of a local network, and the most stable overall network \u003csup\u003e[14]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.041420118343197%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.798816568047338%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVulnerability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.31360946745562%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCut-off point\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.84615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePointcut refers to certain nodes in a network, once they are removed, the whole network will be separated into multiple independent parts \u003csup\u003e[15]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.041420118343197%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" width=\"10.798816568047338%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImportance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.31360946745562%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDegree Centrality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.84615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDegree centrality is the number of other nodes that are directly connected to a node. If a point is directly connected to many points, then the point has a higher degree centrality, which can analyze the degree centrality of the network as a whole, and test the relationship in the network structure. The degree of overall equilibrium in \u003csup\u003e[16]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.041420118343197%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"153\" height=\"100\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.925373134328359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCloseness centrality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"60.36484245439469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe closeness centrality is the reciprocal of the sum of the shortest distances between a node and all other points in the graph. The closer a point is to other points, the less dependent the point is on other nodes in transmitting information, and the higher closeness centrality the point is\u003csup\u003e[17]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.70978441127695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"image\" width=\"153\" height=\"95\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.925373134328359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetweenness centrality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"60.36484245439469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetweenness centrality measures the extent to which a node is able to be an intermediate point, that is, to what extent it controls other points [\u003csup\u003e8]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.70978441127695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" height=\"71\" width=\"150\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"10.798816568047338%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNetwork structure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.31360946745562%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCore edge structure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.84615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe core-edge structure can distinguish the high-density network core and the low-density network edge in the network. The core area and edge area of the landscape element network are obtained by calculating the core edge structure \u003csup\u003e[19]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.041420118343197%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.925373134328359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCohesive subgroup\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"60.36484245439469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA cohesive subgroup is a subset of a social network in which actors have relatively strong, direct, close, or positive relationships \u003csup\u003e[20]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.70978441127695%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Analysis of the importance of landscape elements in Tang poetry\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.1 Analysis of the importance of landscape in Tang poetry\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe importance of landscape in Tang poetry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollected Poems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollected poems (first)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoems containing landscapes (first)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoems containing landscape as a percentage of poems included (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Complete Tang Poems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42863\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95.70%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Three Hundred Poems of Tang\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e310\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e295\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95.16%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e shows that the percentages of poems containing landscapes in the two collections of poems \u0026ldquo;The Complete Collection of Tang Poems\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo; accounted for 95.70% and 95.16% of the recorded poems respectively, indicating that landscape occupies a very important position in Tang poetry, reflecting the Tang Dynasty Contemporary poets generally have high ability and level of appreciation of landscape, which provides ability guarantee and theoretical basis for the rise of literati gardens.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Analysis on the Perceptibility and Attention of Landscape Elements in \u0026ldquo;The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency of Garden Element Types in Tang Poems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of landscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency of Occurrence of Various Landscape Elements in Quan Tang Poems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBroad categories of landscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSub-category Landscape Elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSub-category Landscape Elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBroad categories of landscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArchitecture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuilding name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50758\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArchitectural components\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10425\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater bodies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51055\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMountain Stone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28327\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlants\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrees and plants\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20440\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60673\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrub plants\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6784\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHerbaceous plants\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10257\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAquatic/vine plants and others\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5320\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlant organs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17872\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTopography and land use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20867\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoads\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15070\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e shows that: in the major landscape categories, the frequency of occurrence of landscape element types from most to small is: plants, water bodies, buildings, rocks, topography and land use, roads; in the sub-categories of plant landscapes, the frequency of occurrence from most to small is: frees, plant organs, herbs, shrubs, aquatic/vines and others. This result reflects the easiness and importance of landscape elements in Tang poetry, and to a certain extent, the frequency of these landscape elements in life and the poet's love.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.3 The relationship between landscape elements in Tang poetry and the characteristics of Tang Dynasty gardens\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelated words between landscape elements in Tang poetry and the characteristics of gardens in the Tang Dynasty\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeatures of Tang Dynasty Gardens\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssociated Sign Landscape Elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency of occurrence of landscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage of poems with landscape elements in the collection\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoyal gardens of \"royal style\" have been formed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eimperial garden/garden, palace/garden/palace, queue, palace of heaven, garden/garden/garden, imperial residence, imperial residence, palace court\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6504\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.33%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe artistry of the private home forest has been elevated and is known for its typicality and detail\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGarden, garden pavilion, pond house, cottage, cottage, cottage, house/house, home, cottage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.54%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecularisation of the monastic gardens\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonastery/Temple/Temple, Taoist Temple, Pagoda, Nunnery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2360\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic gardens have emerged\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCountry/Village/Countryside, City/City/City/Urban\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9570\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.61%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape gardening has crossed over into a new realm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eriver, stream, river, lake, sea, water, wave/wave/wave, waterfall/cascade, stream, creek, pond, waterfall, microwave, jade liquid, fine stream, blue void, empty brightness, golden stream, spiritual source, spiritual liquid, tide, spring, beach/beach, ruse, shore, pool/pond/pond, well, ditch/channel/ditch, slope, mountain, range, peak, mountain, rock, hill/gang, hill\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70232\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.85%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt can be seen from Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e that the frequency of occurrence of landscape elements related to various gardens is from large to small: landscape gardens, private gardens, public gardens, royal gardens, and temple gardens. Among them, landscape gardens have the highest frequency, indicating that landscape gardens not only entered a new realm in the Tang Dynasty, but also integrated into other garden types.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Analysis of the network structure of landscape elements in the Tang Dynasty\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2.1 Completeness Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Density of Tang Poetry Landscape Elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollected Poems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of nodes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of connections\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork density\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Complete Tang Poems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e208\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12800\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Three Hundred Poems of Tang\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e shows that the network density of landscape elements in \u0026ldquo;The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry\u0026rdquo; is 0.59, indicating that the relationship between various landscape elements is close, reflecting that the network structure of landscape elements in Tang poetry has a strong degree of completeness.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2.2 Stability Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements corresponding to the K-core value range in \"Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eK-value range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u0026ndash;32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMountain, water, river, road/road/road, flower/road, city/city/municipality, home, door, tree/wood, temple/palace/palace, pavilion/building, grass, boat/boat, sea, countryside/village, sand/desert, stone, forest/forest, river, pine, leaf, wave/wave/wave, willow/yang flower, platform, house/house, courtyard/garden, spring, temple/temple, pond/pond, cave/cave, bamboo/yewang, branch, lotus/lotus/nymphaea/hibiscus, hall, lake, room/ house, stream, field/field, peak, mound, que, garden, peach, moss, mountain, pear, appendage, zephyr, river, plugs, well, cypress, garden, pepper, wutong, slope\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003exuan, maple, reed/reed/jia, cliff, bank, lane, pillar, pavilion, mansion, path, range, ridge, boat, waterfall/cascade, window, shore, bridge, grain/valley/miao, eaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlum, laurel, wall, beach, orchid, tide, stream, diamond, pond, melon, rowan, hibiscus, tung, date, chrysanthemum/chrysanthemum, thatch, banana\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElm, Drainage, Hints, Hibiscus, Island, Pavilion, Gate of Heaven, Acacia, Grape, Fir, Vine, Magnolia, Qu, Pagoda, Fruit, Shrine, Fern, Hall, Vine, Gambusia, Royal Garden, Artemisia, Gallery, Great Wall, Pomegranate, Dogwood\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e shows: the maximum value of K-core is 32 and the minimum value is 1, of which the proportion of 31\u0026ndash;32 cores is 47.46%, the proportion of 21\u0026ndash;30 cores is 16.10%; the proportion of 11\u0026ndash;20 cores is 14.41%; the proportion of 1\u0026ndash;10 cores is 22.03%, of which the component with the largest K value is the most, and with better stability. It shows that \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty\u0026rdquo; has many network components of landscape elements, and the stability of the network structure is also high.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2.3 Vulnerability Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint-cut analysis of the network structure of landscape elements in Tang poetry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollected Poems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of landscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCut Points\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProportion of cut points to the number of landscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Complete Tang Poems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e208\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Three Hundred Poems of Tang\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.69%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt can be seen from Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e that in the landscape element network structure of \u0026ldquo;The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry\u0026rdquo;, the number of tangent points is 0; in the landscape element social network structure of \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;, the number of tangent points is 2, indicating that the number of tangent points is 2 except for shore, township/village. Outside these two nodes, the overall network will not be affected in any way, so the social network structure of landscape elements in Tang poetry is low in vulnerability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003e3.3 Centrality analysis of the connection nodes of the landscape element network in \u0026ldquo;The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry\u0026rdquo;\u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCentrality analysis of network connection nodes of landscape elements in \"The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerial number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDegree Center Degree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntermediary Centre Degree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProximity to centre\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerial number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDegree Center Degree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntermediary Centre Degree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProximity to centre\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMountains\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBranch\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStreet/road/road\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHouse / Residence\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSand / Desert / Desert\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlowers/Does/Falling Red\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSprings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRiver\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLotus / lotus / Nymphaea / Infinite / Hibiscus / Lotus root\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTree/wood\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRiver\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCreek\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCity / Town / City / City\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemple/Temple/Temple\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoft / Building / Attic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCave/Cave/Cavern\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrass/brass yellow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSichuan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eForests/Sen/Forests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGarden\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHall/Palace/Palace\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGram/wort/grain/sapling\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eField/field/garden\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShip/vessel/boat/boat/boat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLake\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTownship / Village / Countryside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoom / House / Housing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHall\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShore\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerrace\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePavilion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBamboo/Inside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerbia/Korea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWillow / Poplar / Green Poplar / Aspen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrchids/Orchids\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCourtyard / Court / Patio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeach\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePond / Pond / Pond\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuilin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWaves/waves/waves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrail / grove / border\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt can be seen from Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e that the relationship among the degree centrality, betweenness centrality and betweenness centrality of each landscape element basically shows a positive correlation, which means that the closer the relationship with other landscape elements is, the stronger the connectivity in the network, and the closer the relationship with other landscape elements is. Other points are closer. Among them, the three landscape elements of mountains, streets/roads, flowers/falling reds leaves, lakes, and land have high degree centrality, but the betweenness centrality or closeness centrality is low, so they are spontaneous in the network The landscape elements of water, courtyard, branches, house are just the opposite, the degree centrality is low but the intermediate centrality or closeness centrality is high, which proves that these landscape elements play a pivotal role in the network. Location is a key point in the network structure. It can be understood that these landscape elements are important landscape carriers, or there are many surrounding landscape elements.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.4 Subgroup analysis of landscape elements cohesion in \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab10\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 10\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDensity matrix of the top 50 landscape elements agglomeration subgroups in \"Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCohesive subgroups\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.943\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.533\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.833\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.971\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.767\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.767\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.956\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.857\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.417\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.943\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.971\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.857\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.881\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.964\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.533\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.767\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.881\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.933\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.896\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.611\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.964\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.896\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.929\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.771\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.833\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.767\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.417\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.611\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.771\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.533\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab10\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e and Fig.\u0026nbsp;1, it can be seen that the network relationship of landscape elements in \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo; can be divided into 8 cohesive subgroups: the first is composed of mountains, water and flowers; the second house and willow/poplar; the third land, hall/palace, gate, and city/market; the fourth tree/wood, window, pond, garden, peach, branch, house/residential, pavilion and grass; the fifth river, spring, platform, sea, road, wave; the sixth leaf, hill, lotus/hibiscus, well, moss, and stone; the seventh pine, forest, peak, stream, field/idyllic, lake, courtyard/court and boat; the eighth trail, river, temple, cave and sand/desert. At the same time, the density of each cohesive subgroup is relatively high, and each cohesive subgroup can also be regarded as a common landscape scene in Tang poetry. It can be seen here that private gardens, such as the second and fourth groups, are closely related to plants and buildings; in the second and third groups, public gardens are inseparable from private gardens and royal gardens, and there is a situation of mutual influence; natural gardens, such as the first The five and seven groups of landscape elements are diverse and of high importance. Highlight the corresponding correlation within each garden type.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003e3.5 K-kernel analysis of landscape elements related to the characteristics of Tang Dynasty gardens in \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;\u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.5.1 K-core analysis of landscape elements of royal gardens in Tang Dynasty in \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/ol\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab11\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 11\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements corresponding to the range of K-core values in Royal Gardens in \"Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eK-value range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHall/Palace/Palace, Mountain, Flower/Do, Pavilion/Building, Road/Road, Gate, City/City/Market, River, Water, Que, Home, Willow/Poplar, River, Branch, Lotus/Lotus/ Nymphaea/Hibiscus, Pond/Pond, Court, Leaf, Grass, Hall, Spring, Peach, Room/House, Sea, Pear, Appendage, Pepper, Garden, Wutong, Bamboo/Yuhuang, Zephyr, Slope\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemple/Temple, Stone, Pine, Tree/Wood, Mountain, Cave/Cave, Cypress, Mound, Courtyard/Garden, Sand/Desert, Peak, Wave/Wave/Waves, Forest/Forest, Moss, Lake, Cliff, Waterfall/Cascade, Plug, House, Rowan, Hen, Pavilion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePillar, maple, terrace, wall, house/house, boat/boat, gate, smiling, countryside/village, fir, pavilion, acacia, pagoda, imperial garden, window, shore, well, stream\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt can be seen from Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab11\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e that there are 72 landscape elements related to royal gardens in \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;, of which the highest K-core is 31, and there are 32 landscape elements, accounting for 44.4%. Among the 31-core, There are 11 buildings (respectively: hall/palace, pavilion, gate, city/market, home, garden, hall, house, and garden), and 11 plants (respectively: : flower, willow/poplar, branch, lotus/hibiscus, leaf, grass, peach, pear, pepper, phoenix and bamboo), there are 7 water bodies (respectively: river, water, ponds, springs, seas and lakes), 2 rocks (mountains and slopes), and 1 road (road), showing that the network structure of Royal Gardens landscape elements is relatively stable.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 K-core analysis of landscape elements of private gardens in Tang Dynasty in \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab12\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 12\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements corresponding to the range of K-core values in Private Gardens in \"Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eK-value range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHome, Mountain, Flower/Do, River, Road/Route/Road, Water, City/City/Market, Gate, Grass, Temple/Palace/Palace, Pavilion/Lou, Sea, Leaf, River, Spring, Garden, Pond/Pond, Bamboo/Yuhuang, Hall, Willow/Poplar Flower, Lotus/Lotus/ Nymphaea/Hibiscus, Room/House, Peach, Pear, Branch, Que, Appendage, Court, Ze, Pepper, Wutong, Slope\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHouse/house, boat/boat, tree/wood, sand/desert, countryside/village, forest/forest, pine, wave/wave/wave, cave/cave, stone, courtyard/garden, terrace, river, maple, pluvial, lake, mansion, peak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStream, field/field, well, cypress, reed/reed/jia, lane, beach, shore, boat, grain/valley/miao, mountain, waterfall/cascade, cliff, mountain range, window, moss, pillar, plum, bridge, rowan, tung, haphazard, date, pavilion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThatch, Elm, Gable, Path, Hen, Chrysanthemum/Chrysanthemum, Diamond, Laurel, Grape, Quay, Shore, Ridge, Fruit, Pavilion, Gallery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab12\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e shows that there are 89 landscape elements related to private gardens in \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;, of which the highest K-core is 31, and there are 32 landscape elements, accounting for 35.96%, indicating the network structure of private garden landscape elements Good stability, in 31-core, there are 10 buildings (respectively: home, city/market, gate, hall/palace, pavilion, garden, hall, house and garden), 10 plants (respectively: grass, leaf, bamboo, willow/poplar, lotus/hanli/hibiscus, peach, pear, branch, pepper and sycamore), and 6 water (respectively: river, water, sea, spring, pond and swamp), 2 rocks (respectively: mountain, slope), and 1 road (road). When the landscape elements of royal gardens are compared with those of private gardens, it can be found that their landscape elements are quite similar, which once again proves that Royal Gardenss are keen to imitate private gardens in the construction process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 K-core analysis of landscape elements of Monastic Gardens in Tang Dynasty in \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab13\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 13\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements corresponding to the range of K-core values in Monastic Gardens in \"Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eK-value range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemple/Temple, Mountain, Stone, Temple/Palace/Palace, Road/Road, Tree/Tree, Pine, River, Peak, Water, Forest/Forest, Path, Gate, Hall, Pavilion/Building, River, Countryside/Village, Wave/Wave, Mound, Branch, Cypress, Sand/Desert, Leaf, Sea, Eaves, Moss\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026ndash;11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStream, ridge, banana, pavilion, boat/boat, pillar, mountain, wall, pond, flower/do, house/house, spring, xuan, fir, platform, acacia, pagoda, field/field, pavilion, city/city/city, maple, courtyard/garden, lotus/lien/nymphaea/ hibiscus, bamboo/yellow bamboo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab13\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, it can be seen that there are 50 landscape elements related to temple gardens in \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;, of which the highest K-core is 12, and there are 26 landscape elements, accounting for 52%, indicating the network of temple garden landscape elements. The structural stability is good. In 31-core, there are 7 buildings (respectively: temple, hall/palace, gate, hall, pavilion township/village, eaves), and 6 plants ( Respectively: tree/wood, pine, branch, cypress, leaf, moss), 5 water (respectively: river, water, wave, sea), 4 rocks (respectively: mountain, stone, peak, hill), 2 roads (respectively: road, trail), and 2 topography and land use (respectively: forest, sand/desert). Although there are few landscape elements in temple gardens, they are quite recognizable. For example, landscape elements such as pine, cypress, mountains, stones, and peaks can directly outline the scene of temple views in mountains and forests, showing that temple gardens are more and more similar to private gardens. In addition, the \"tower\", a common element of temple garden landscape in the early stage, has gradually disappeared, further indicating the achievement of the secularization of temple gardens.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 K-core analysis of landscape elements of public gardens in Tang Dynasty in \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab14\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 14\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements corresponding to the range of K-core values in public gardens in \"Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eK-value range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCity/city/municipality, mountain, river, home, water, road/road/road, flower/do, door, grass, sea, temple/palace/palace, pavilion/stairs, river, willow/yang flower, spring, leaf, pond/pond, que, house/house, bamboo/yewang, branch, garden, pear, lotus/lien/nymphaea/hibiscus, garden, peach, hall, appendix, zephyr, wutong, pepper, slope\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTree/wood, countryside/village, boat/boat, forest/forest, house/dwelling, cave/cave, wave/wave/wave, sand/desert, platform, rock, pine, river, lake, peak, stream, well, cliff, mountain range, courtyard/garden, field/field, hill\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMountains, shores, maples, reeds, beaches, boats, lanes, temples, houses, waterfalls, ridge, paths, pavilions, bridges, dates, tung, banks, cypresses, grasses, valleys, seedlings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTide, window, ditch, eaves, elm, wall, laurel, vine, grape, fir, plum, quay, xuan, chrysanthemum/chrysanthemum, shrine, imperial garden, dogwood\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab14\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, it can be seen that there are 90 landscape elements related to public gardens in \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;, of which the highest K-core is 31, and there are 32 landscape elements, accounting for 35.56%, indicating a network of public garden landscape elements The structural stability is good. In the 31-core, there are 11 buildings (respectively: city/market, home, door, hall/palace pavilion, house, garden, garden, church), there are 11 plants (respectively: flower, grass, willow/poplar, leaf, bamboo, branch, pear, lotus/hibiscus, peach, sycamore, pepper), There are 7 water (respectively: river, water, sea, spring, pond, swamp), 2 rocks (respectively: mountain, slope), and 1 road (road). The landscape elements related to public gardens are relatively abundant. It can be seen that public gardens have appeared at this time and have outstanding social effects, which have attracted widespread attention from poets.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.5.5 K-core analysis of natural garden landscape elements in Tang Dynasty in \"Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab15\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 15\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements corresponding to the range of K-core values of natural garden landscape in \"Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eK-value range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandscape elements\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emountain, water, river, road/road/road, flower/do, city/city/municipality, tree/wood, door, home, boat/boat, sea, pavilion/building, grass, temple/palace/palace, stone, sand/desert, river, forest/forest, countryside/village, wave/wave/wave, pine, terrace, willow/yang flower, leaf, pond/pond, spring, house/house, temple/temple, lake, cave/cavern, courtyard/garden, bamboo/yewang, lotus/lotus/nymphaea/hibiscus, stream, hall, peak mound, queue, branch, moss, mountain, house/house, peach, pear, zephyr, garden, appendage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChuan, Se, Tian/Tian Yuan, Wells, Court, Pepper, Sycamore, Po\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecypress, reed/reed/jia, maple, cliff, bank, xuan, pillar, mansion, path, pavilion, range, boat, waterfall/cascade, lane, ridge, bank, eaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindow, Bridge, Plum, Harvest/Valley/Mowers, Wall, Beach, Laurel, Orchid, Tide, Stream, Diamond, Pool, Melon, Rowan, Hopscotch, Tung, Date, Chrysanthemum/Chrysanthemum, Thatch, Banana\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElm, drain, hibiscus, island, pavilion, palace, vetch, fir, grape, smiling, acacia, fruit, tower, magnolia, fern, imperial garden, artemisia, great wall\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab15\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, it can be seen that there are 110 landscape elements related to natural gardens in \"Three Hundred Tang Poems \", of which the highest K-core is 32, and there are 47 landscape elements, accounting for 42.73%, indicating a natural garden landscape. The structural stability of the element network is good. In the 31-core, there are 15 buildings (respectively: city/market, gate, home, pavilion, hall/palace, township/village, platform, house) There are 12 water (respectively: water, river, boat, sea, river, wave, pool/pond, spring, lake, stream, marsh), 11 plants (respectively: flower, tree/wood, grass, pine, willow/poplar, leaf, bamboo, lotus/ hibiscus, branch, moss, peach, pear), 6 rocks (respectively: mountains, rocks, caves/caves, peaks, mounds, mountains), 2 topography and land use (respectively: desert, forest), and 1 road (road). The elements of natural garden landscape are rich and common in royal gardens, private gardens and temple gardens, and are closely related to them. It can be seen that no matter what kind of garden type is based on natural landscapes. At the same time, some man-made objects appeared in landscape gardens, which proves that people's attitude towards nature at this time has gone beyond the primitive worship of nature, but moved towards closeness to nature, which belongs to the transitional stage of worshiping nature to transforming nature during which people are more harmony with nature.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.1 The enlightenment of network text analysis method to the analysis of literary works\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis paper uses two text analysis software ROST CM 6 and UCINET to analyze the landscape elements of \"The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry\" and \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;. The k-kernel also has strong stability, which is consistent with the research results of Zhou Weiquan[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e] in the history of Chinese gardens. It can be seen that the network text analysis can quantitatively analyze literary works, and quantification can make the research results more specific and more credible. In addition, using quantitative research methods to deal with huge text data can better screen and avoid omissions, which makes up for the shortcomings of Ma Yajie's research[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. The conclusions obtained are not only used to verify the previous research results, but the quantitative research results can also provide a theoretical basis for the protection and inheritance of classical garden heritage, and can also be used as a reference for modern landscape construction. Therefore, the network text analysis method can be used as a research method for quantitative analysis of literary works. For example, the network structure of landscape elements in literary works such as Song ci, Yuan opera, Ming and Qing novels can obtain the characteristics of gardens in the time period, and can also be used for research The corresponding landscape features can be derived from foreign literary works.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2 The network structure and influence characteristics of landscape elements in Tang poetry\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJudging from the proportion of Tang poems with landscape elements in \"The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry\" and \u0026ldquo;Three Hundred Tang Poems\u0026rdquo;, without landscape Tang poems would lack a lot of creative themes. An important carrier of landscape, which laid the foundation for the rise of literati gardens. Among the major types of landscape elements, the poet prefers plants, water bodies and buildings, and among the plant sub-categories, trees and plant organs are more preferred. It can be understood that such landscape elements attract the poet's attention more, and such landscape directly affects the poet's view of landscape. degree of preference. Among all kinds of gardens, landscape gardens, private gardens and public gardens appear the most. It can be seen that such gardens are more common in real life than royal gardens and temple gardens, and it is easier for poets to describe them. To sum up: descriptions of landscape elements appear in Tang poetry in large numbers, among which plants, water bodies, and buildings appear more frequently. Among many types of gardens, poets prefer to describe common landscapes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe network structure of landscape elements in Tang poetry has a strong degree of completeness and stability, but its vulnerability is weak, which shows that the correlation between various landscapes in Tang poetry is relatively high, and the network elements are closely related. There is a positive correlation between centrality and the frequency of landscape elements. Some key landscape elements have low centrality and high betweenness centrality or closeness centrality, such as water, courtyard, branches, etc., indicating that their frequency may not be high but in a pivotal position, it is an important landscape carrier or such landscapes often appear at the same time as other landscapes. In the cohesion subgroup, we can see the common landscape elements in some garden types, such as private gardens, natural gardens, etc. The landscape elements in these types have strong correlation. From the internal connection of various types of garden landscape elements, it can be concluded that the existing landscape elements have their own unique characteristics in various types of landscape types. Similar to the landscape elements of private gardens, it proves that royal gardens intentionally imitated private gardens when they were constructed; the abundance of landscape elements related to public gardens shows that public gardens also developed to a certain extent in the Tang Dynasty; some artificial objects appeared in natural gardens, However, the transformation of nature is not strong, and it belongs to the state of being close to nature, which proves that man and nature have reached the stage of harmonious coexistence at this time. This research is basically consistent with the research of Zhou Weiquan[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e] and Wu Jin[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003e4.3 Inspiration from the network relationship of landscape elements in Tang poetry to the heritage protection and inheritance of classical gardens and the construction of modern landscapes\u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis research analyzes the landscape elements and their network structures in \"The Complete Collection of Tang Poems\" and \"Three Hundred Tang Poems\". The results show that the network structure of landscape elements in Tang poems is closely related, and there are differences between landscape elements in each landscape type. Distinctive. In the network of elements of Tang poetry, although the ontology of cultural relics is the center of the network structure, it is not the ontology that occurs most frequently, but the external environment of the ontology. Therefore, while protecting the heritage of classical gardens at this stage, we should not only focus on protecting the ontology of cultural relics It is also necessary to protect the external environment of cultural relics. The results of this study are similar to those of Zhao Xing[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. The protection of classical garden heritage is not only material cultural heritage, but also intangible cultural heritage. The construction techniques, skills and artistic conception of gardens are the splendid treasures in Chinese traditional culture. Therefore, studying the landscape elements in classical literary works is also the protection of classical gardens. One of the ways of inheritance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe network relationship of landscape elements in Tang poetry is reflected in the subsequent gardens and landscape construction. When building gardens, it is inevitable to draw on the description of landscapes in ancient literature. The more extensive reference used in the garden is quite \"poetic and picturesque\" in the existing gardens after the Tang Dynasty, which is similar to the research results of Wu Ziyuan[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. As a literary work issued by the scholar-bureaucrats of the Tang Dynasty, Tang poetry recorded a large number of scenes in the Tang Dynasty in words, giving modern scholars the opportunity to appreciate and study the landscape of the Tang Dynasty, and at the same time allowing modern designers in the process of creation. Learn from it. In this study, the frequency of plants, buildings, and water bodies is relatively high. It can be concluded that people pay more attention to these types of landscape elements. Among them, the plant part pays more attention to trees and herbs. Such landscapes should be paid attention to in the design process. More attention should be paid to the elements, and we should try to deal with this in more detail. Secondly, for important landscape nodes such as water, courtyards, etc., which are in the center of the network structure, they need to focus on processing, and pay attention to the connection between landscape elements and their related landscapes. Designers need to deal with the creation of surrounding landscapes when designing.. It can be seen from the analysis that royal gardens are generally located in cities, private gardens are located in cities or rural areas, and temple gardens are generally located in mountains and forests, and the related landscape elements are also slightly different. It can be seen that when dealing with various landscapes, it is necessary to choose according to needs. site and treatment, so as to achieve the purpose of coordinating landscape and demand.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe landscape elements in Tang poetry are rich and diverse, and can form a highly stable network structure; the importance of landscape elements in Tang poetry is from high to low: plants, water, buildings, rocks, topography and land use, roads; a certain correlation, which is embodied in different degrees of importance, stability, etc., among which the relationship between elements such as mountains, streets, and water is at the core of the network; there is a potential correlation between landscape elements, which is embodied in the landscape of a certain type of landscape. The particularity and relevance of elements; the similarity between the landscape elements of royal gardens and private gardens is very high, which shows that royal gardens imitate private gardens; temple gardens have common landscape elements in other gardens, and the secularization of temple gardens is further ; The elements of public garden landscape are rich, which can be characterized as the development of public gardens to a certain extent; the existence of natural gardens and various gardens proves that the relationship between the Tang Dynasty and nature is close to nature.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis paper innovatively uses the network text analysis method to study the landscape elements in Tang poetry and the relationship between them, so as to achieve the result of quantifying the relevant data in the text. In the subsequent research, this method can also be used to achieve the digitization and Standardization makes research more intuitive and scientific. Modern people have long been tired of Western regulatory landscapes, and the cultural revival policy has also made the public pay more attention to ancient Chinese culture. In the process of modern landscape construction, the methods and principles of Chinese classical landscape construction cannot be ignored. At the same time, we can obtain the corresponding theoretical basis for the construction of modern landscape by excavating traditional culture. The results of this research are of great significance to the protection of Chinese classical gardens, and can be used in activities such as the restoration of classical garden cultural relics protection planning, the construction of modern landscapes, and the promotion of traditional Chinese culture, providing a reference for future quantitative research on Chinese classical garden landscapes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data in this paper come from the Chinese classical poems \u0026quot;Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty\u0026quot; and \u0026quot;Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty\u0026quot;. ROST CM6 and UCINET are used for data processing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFunding\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study has been partially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project (Grant numbers 51868008 and 51978187).\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; Contributions\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emethodology, N.Y., data curation, N.Y., writing\u0026mdash;original draft preparation, N.Y., visualization, N.Y.,review, H.Z.,All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ehe authors are thankful to reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions to an earlier edition of this article.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLiu Mo, Liu Yi, Liu Yuan.On the Integration of Chinese Classical Gardens and Classical Poetry[J].Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University(Social Science Edition),2004,(01):146-149.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRen Yi. 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The Changes of the Ecological Environment of Helan Mountain Before the Yuan Dynasty from Poems[J]. Appreciation of Masterpieces, 2020,(27):56-57.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYan Wenli, Guo Li. Landscape Architecture Aesthetics in Su Dongpo\u0026apos;s Poems and Prose[J]. Beauty and Times (Urban Edition), 2018, (02): 85-86.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHou Xiaochun. Building a House in a Human Environment: Looking at Chinese Classical Gardens from Tao Qian\u0026apos;s poetry [J]. Art Education, 2012, (06): 39.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYu Yanzhen. Research on Urban Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties [D]. Changsha University of Science and Technology, 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eZhu Baobao. Research on Poems about Autumn Night in the Tang Dynasty [D]. Xinjiang University, 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMa Yajie. Research on the Poetic Landscape Environment in \u0026quot;The Complete Collection of Tang Poetry\u0026quot; [D]. 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A Study on the Landscape Groups and Emotions of Chengdu in Tang Dynasty from the Perspective of Tang Poems [A]. China Urban Planning Society, Chengdu Municipal People\u0026apos;s Government. Spatial Governance for High-Quality Development - Proceedings of the 2021 China Urban Planning Annual Conference (04 Urban Planning History and Theory) [C]. China Urban Planning Society, Chengdu Municipal People\u0026apos;s Government: China Urban Planning Society, 2021: 161-170.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eZhao Xing. Reflections on the Delimitation of Construction Control Zones in Cultural Relics Protection Planning [J]. Urban Geography, 2017,(22):63.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWu Ziyuan. The Influence of National Politics in the Qing Dynasty on the Construction of Traditional Gardens: Taking the Summer Resort in the Kang and Qian Periods as an Example [J]. Southern Cultural Relics, 2019,(01):269-273+268.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"landscape elements, influence, network structure, literati gardens, Tang poetry","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2510032/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2510032/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo further figure out the overall characteristics of gardens in Tang poetry, taking Tang poetry as the research object, the network construction and influence of Tang poetry landscape elements were studied by using the network text analysis method. As a result, the landscape elements in Tang poetry are rich and diverse, and there is a strong network structure relationship between the landscape elements, which is characterized by strong stability, balance, and weak vulnerability; there is a strong correlation between landscape elements, among which landscape elements such as mountains, roads, and water have a strong centrality; the agglomeration subgroup of landscape elements indicates that there is a potential correlation between landscape elements, which is embodied in the description of a certain type of landscape. Based on that, the organic connection of various landscape elements cannot be ignored in landscape construction; the characteristics of gardens in the Tang Dynasty and the results obtained from the research of network texts are smiliar, which are embodied in the K-kernel analysis results of landscape elements of various garden types; the analysis of network texts is also used to study classical garden landscapes, and domestic and foreign literary works can be used as research objects. Meanwhile, the results of this research have important theoretical and practical significance for the systematic protection and creative transformation and utilization of literati garden theoretical heritage, and the construction of modern landscapes.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Study on Network Structure and Influence Characteristics of the Landscape Elements of Tang Poetr","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-02-07 12:09:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2510032/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"20287b2d-1df4-4a00-8b27-2f3ca1cd6823","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 7th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-06-17T20:44:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2023-02-07 12:09:02","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2510032","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2510032","identity":"rs-2510032","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}