Mast cell activation syndrome in pain syndromes bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis and vulvodynia.

Regauer S
Translational andrology and urology · 2016 · doi:10.21037/tau.2016.03.12 · PMID:27297031 · PMC4893522
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⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite+body, 2026-08-06 ⓘ

This study found increased mast cells, often activated, in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis and vulvodynia patients, with specific distributions differentiating BPS/IC subtypes and suggesting mast cell stabilizers as a therapeutic target.

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This commentary discusses the role of mast cell activation in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis and vulvodynia, citing a study that found increased mucosal mast cells in patients with these conditions compared to controls. The authors note that while high mast cell density helps identify BPS/IC with Hunner’s lesions, it cannot distinguish between BPS/IC without lesions and overactive bladder without considering clinical pain symptoms. They further highlight that vulvodynia is characterized by significant mast cell hyperplasia and degranulation, often accompanied by other systemic mast cell activation disorders. Relevance to endometriosis: listed among other pain syndromes where mast cells play a role, though the paper's main focus is bladder pain syndrome and vulvodynia.

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Acknowledgements

None. Footnote Conflicts of Interest: The author has no conflicts of interest to declare. Comment on: Ratner V. Mast cell activation syndrome. Transl Androl Urol 2015;4:587-8.

References

- Ratner V. Mast cell activation syndrome. Transl Androl Urol 2015;4:587-8. [PubMed] - van de Merwe JP, Nordling J, Bouchelouche P, et al. Diagnostic criteria, classification, and nomenclature for painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: an ESSIC proposal. Eur Urol 2008;53:60-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] - Gamper M, Regauer S, Welter J, et al. Are mast cells still good biomarkers for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis? J Urol 2015;193:1994-2000. [Crossref] [PubMed] - Fariello JY, Moldwin RM. Similarities between interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and vulvodynia: implications for patient management. Transl Androl Urol 2015;4:643-52. [PubMed] - Regauer S, Eberz B, Beham-Schmid C. Mast cell infiltrates in vulvodynia represent secondary and idiopathic mast cell hyperplasias. APMIS 2015;123:452-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] - Regauer S, Beham-Schmid C. Benign mast cell hyperplasia and atypical mast cell infiltrates in penile lichen planus in adult men. Histol Histopathol 2014;29:1017-25. [PubMed]

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interstitial_cystitis

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