A Linear Transconductance Cell with a Tunable Control Voltage for Variable Gain Amplifiers

A Linear Transconductance Cell with a Tunable Control Voltage for Variable Gain Amplifiers | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Linear Transconductance Cell with a Tunable Control Voltage for Variable Gain Amplifiers Meysam Akbari This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4982272/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper proposes a highly linear transconductance cell with a widely tunable control voltage based on a bulk-driven technique. The transconductance is configured using a self-biasing structure to achieve high linear operation under control-voltage variations. In addition, the transistors of the input differential pair are driven from the bulk terminal to increase the input dynamic range and provide a low-voltage structure. A reference voltage is embedded to control the transistors' DC currents and balance the circuit's operation under unwanted variations such as corner cases. The proposed cell is simulated via 180-nm CMOS technology under a supply of 0.5 V. The simulation results show that the DC gain changes from 0 dB to 14.2 dB for control-voltage variations in the range of 0–0.5 V. Moreover, the common mode input voltage can change from 0.125 V to 0.375 V without any degeneration in linearity, which results in a 0.25 V input dynamic range. The proposed cell consumes only 250 nW of power, which is suitable for ultralow-power applications. Electrical Engineering Transconductance Linearity Variable gain Amplifier Bulk driven Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4982272","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":345571943,"identity":"78ce13dd-24d4-44ef-9727-2bec1a2c7bb7","order_by":0,"name":"Meysam Akbari","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACZmYgwcMPZIC5bERrkWwgVQuDwQGoFoJAt4H5sXFBzT0Z4xvJhw0YauwY+KQP4NdidoDNOHnGsWIesxtpyQkMx5IZ2PgSCGlhMD7Mw5YA1JJjfICBDYh4CDjM7AD758M8/xJ4jGeAtPwjSguPcTJvWwKPgUSOcQJjGzFaDvMUG8/sS+CROPMs2SCxL5mHsJbj7ZulC74l2PO3Jx+W+PDNTk6+h4AW1MhIAMYpIQ2jYBSMglEwCogAACCRNGaUhmnDAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-1138","institution":"University of Kurdistan","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Meysam","middleName":"","lastName":"Akbari","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-08-27 07:18:56","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4982272/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4982272/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":63422552,"identity":"45476b48-1f1f-4cf4-a33b-2b5cfc0a8d6e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-28 02:52:13","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":241471,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"VGA.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4982272/v1_covered_3376676c-32d4-424a-b909-5c49e51de6b5.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA Linear Transconductance Cell with a Tunable Control Voltage for Variable Gain Amplifiers\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"University of Kurdistan","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Transconductance, Linearity, Variable gain, Amplifier, Bulk driven","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4982272/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4982272/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis paper proposes a highly linear transconductance cell with a widely tunable control voltage based on a bulk-driven technique. 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