Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of borophene monolayer doped: A Monte Carlo Study

Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of borophene monolayer doped: A Monte Carlo Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of borophene monolayer doped: A Monte Carlo Study Amine Azdouh, Zakaria El mghabar, abderahman El Ghazrani, Anwar Elidrysy, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8148848/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Low Temperature Physics → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this work, the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of a doped borophene monolayer were investigated using Monte Carlo simulations based on the Metropolis algorithm. The system, composed of spin- \(\:1\) boron atoms and spin- \(\:3/2\:\) dopant atoms, was analyzed under varying exchange couplings, anisotropies, and external magnetic fields. Results show that increasing \(\:{J}_{AA}\) enhances the thermal stability of the ferrimagnetic phase and shifts the critical temperature to higher values, while anisotropy modifies the transition behavior. The magnetocaloric response exhibits pronounced entropy change \(\:(-\varDelta\:Sₘ)\) and adiabatic temperature change \(\:\:\varDelta\:{T}_{ad}\) peaks around \(\:{T}_{c}\) , whose magnitudes decrease for stronger couplings. Moreover, the relative cooling power (RCP) increases with higher magnetic fields, confirming the system’s efficiency and tunability for nanoscale magnetic refrigeration applications. Borophene Monte Carlo simulations Magnetic properties Magnetocaloric effect Critical temperature Hysteresis loops Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Low Temperature Physics → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 05 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 02 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 20 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 18 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8148848","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":559260795,"identity":"2c5df4ad-bbac-4bdd-b5ec-53f7f695aa52","order_by":0,"name":"Amine Azdouh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mohammed V University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amine","middleName":"","lastName":"Azdouh","suffix":""},{"id":559260796,"identity":"a53d0fd4-3ae1-4463-8ba5-5cc13474e760","order_by":1,"name":"Zakaria El 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Study","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-low-temperature-physics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jltp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Low Temperature Physics](http://link.springer.com/journal/10909)","snPcode":"10909","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10909/3","title":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Borophene, Monte Carlo simulations, Magnetic properties, Magnetocaloric effect, Critical temperature, Hysteresis loops","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8148848/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8148848/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this work, the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of a doped borophene monolayer were investigated using Monte Carlo simulations based on the Metropolis algorithm. The system, composed of spin-\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:1\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e boron atoms and spin-\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:3/2\\:\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003edopant atoms, was analyzed under varying exchange couplings, anisotropies, and external magnetic fields. Results show that increasing \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{J}_{AA}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e enhances the thermal stability of the ferrimagnetic phase and shifts the critical temperature to higher values, while anisotropy modifies the transition behavior. The magnetocaloric response exhibits pronounced entropy change \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:(-\\varDelta\\:Sₘ)\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e and adiabatic temperature change\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\:\\varDelta\\:{T}_{ad}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e peaks around \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{T}_{c}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, whose magnitudes decrease for stronger couplings. Moreover, the relative cooling power (RCP) increases with higher magnetic fields, confirming the system\u0026rsquo;s efficiency and tunability for nanoscale magnetic refrigeration applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect of borophene monolayer doped: A Monte Carlo Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-15 14:04:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8148848/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-06T17:09:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-06T04:32:43+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-03T04:08:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"123832844484456849680952166939950666826","date":"2025-12-12T02:12:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"164461576434813878874686187927287688935","date":"2025-12-11T23:39:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"177703450005538596106622280865849996264","date":"2025-12-10T04:49:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-09T18:04:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-20T14:44:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-20T07:40:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","date":"2025-11-18T20:13:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-low-temperature-physics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jltp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Low Temperature Physics](http://link.springer.com/journal/10909)","snPcode":"10909","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10909/3","title":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"09bd624b-6fa9-409b-9e72-625ab781f93b","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 15th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-07T16:04:57+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8148848","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-026-03405-8","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-low-temperature-physics","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-05 15:59:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 5th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-15 14:04:30","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10909-026-03405-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-026-03405-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8148848","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8148848","identity":"rs-8148848","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}