Evidence of Synchronization between Solar Activity and Agricultural Performance in Germany

Evidence of Synchronization between Solar Activity and Agricultural Performance in Germany | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Evidence of Synchronization between Solar Activity and Agricultural Performance in Germany Pablo Sierra-Fugeredo, Angel Sol-Sanchez, Carlos Alberto Zuniga-Gonzalez This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3751489/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 2 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Background: Numerous studies over the past decades have explored the causal relationship between space weather, solar activity, and the biosphere, particularly in relation to agriculture. Understanding these connections is crucial for mitigating adverse environmental impacts and optimizing agricultural productivity. Research has highlighted the synchronization between multi-year solar activity cycles, particularly the 11-year solar cycles, and agricultural performance. Forecasting these cycles holds the potential to anticipate fluctuations in agricultural productivity, thus enabling more effective resource planning and enhancing profitability within the agri-food industry. Methodology: This study employs Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and advanced statistical tools from Microcal Origin 6.0 to analyze time-series data for 10 key agricultural products in Germany over a 61-year period. The study integrates solar radiation data, meteorological variables, and regional agricultural production data to investigate the relationship between solar activity and crop yields. Results: The analysis reveals significant temporal associations between solar activity cycles and agricultural yields, identified through both cross-correlation and spectral analysis. These findings indicate that solar activity, particularly during the 11-year solar cycle, plays a notable role in shaping agricultural productivity. Conclusion: The results confirm the synchronization between solar activity and agricultural performance. These insights have significant implications for the agri-food sector, suggesting that incorporating solar activity forecasts into agricultural management strategies could enhance resource allocation, improve crop yield predictions, and promote sustainable agricultural practices. Earth and environmental sciences/Planetary science/Early solar system Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Physical sciences/Astronomy and planetary science Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 2 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 19 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 03 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 01 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Feb, 2025 Reviews received at journal 19 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Feb, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 19 Feb, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Feb, 2025 First submitted to journal 12 Feb, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3751489","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-13 01:22:04","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":432201956,"identity":"20485a04-f7a9-4d75-9167-bd66f7154cdc","order_by":0,"name":"Pablo Sierra-Fugeredo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Geophysics and Astronomy","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pablo","middleName":"","lastName":"Sierra-Fugeredo","suffix":""},{"id":432201957,"identity":"95e4c414-7c8b-4782-8737-091c67aeaf15","order_by":1,"name":"Angel Sol-Sanchez","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Colegio de Postgraduados","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Angel","middleName":"","lastName":"Sol-Sanchez","suffix":""},{"id":432201958,"identity":"93b744d8-fd92-458d-9375-18312fc4e359","order_by":2,"name":"Carlos Alberto Zuniga-Gonzalez","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDElEQVRIie3MMUvEMBTA8ZRCbnlH1hwn9SvkOLhDDvSrNDh08cCpi4KFwrnU69rNr+Dk3ONBXUJdBR06OTtJkVNMeuhiWxwF84c0IXm/EmKz/dV8Qryv895uo3q5/WTaDOngd0Qno5+kI5aqWVW9HQbpdUTHp+dPwAZXOXkJkcwH7YTnai7k+niZFYSOs+IZRknpO1mJ5CBuJ8JJZlwm7vKGagIUQTycCHe4QiKwg7hgyEUgGvKBcGTIex+hmvg1+g3RPwfBNXF6CFc05DK6m2SFjBfDNQJXSmySMoAuwlK8HdXbs30W4+YRXtFjl8mkqsOFJ+7zdmNyVs03+r4ws9A9b9r2P9tsNts/7xOqtVM0h4e7jgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Carlos","middleName":"Alberto","lastName":"Zuniga-Gonzalez","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-12-14 05:14:47","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3751489/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3751489/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Evidence of Synchronization between Solar Activity and Agricultural Performance in Germany","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"Colegio Posgraduados","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3751489/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3751489/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Background: Numerous studies over the past decades have explored the causal relationship between space weather, solar activity, and the biosphere, particularly in relation to agriculture. Understanding these connections is crucial for mitigating adverse environmental impacts and optimizing agricultural productivity. Research has highlighted the synchronization between multi-year solar activity cycles, particularly the 11-year solar cycles, and agricultural performance. Forecasting these cycles holds the potential to anticipate fluctuations in agricultural productivity, thus enabling more effective resource planning and enhancing profitability within the agri-food industry.\nMethodology: This study employs Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and advanced statistical tools from Microcal Origin 6.0 to analyze time-series data for 10 key agricultural products in Germany over a 61-year period. 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