Development of Intelligent Monitoring System for Tension Overhead Line Construction Based on Multi-Parameter Sensing

Development of Intelligent Monitoring System for Tension Overhead Line Construction Based on Multi-Parameter Sensing | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Development of Intelligent Monitoring System for Tension Overhead Line Construction Based on Multi-Parameter Sensing Liu-Huo Wang, Qi Xiao, Feng Wang, Xiao-Bin Li, Hua-Shen Guan, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6191635/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Currently, most of the monitoring of the construction process of tension wire construction relies on the experience of the construction personnel, and there are great construction hazards. For this reason, combined with the current physical networking technology, the development of a set of traction machine and tension machine release and tension size, traction walking plate force, and attitude of the danger of all-round monitoring. In addition, there is an intelligent monitoring system for tension wire construction with real-time information transmission and warning. After analyzing the construction process and construction procedures of tension wire construction, it is determined that all-round safety monitoring of tension wire construction is carried out from the aspects of traction speed of traction machine, traction force of traction machine, release speed of tension machine, tension of tension machine, force of traction walking plate, and tilting angle of traction walking plate, etc., and then it builds up the overall structure of the system's monitoring points. Aiming at the characteristics of field construction of tension wire, a real-time data collection and processing model is designed, and Lora communication technology and 4G communication technology are selected to interconnect the self-constructed local area network and 4G wide area network, so as to complete the on-site interaction and long-distance transmission of data. In view of the characteristics of the system with many types of monitoring volume and wide distribution, the on-site data transmission and early warning program adopts a polling mode to realize the orderly utilization of each channel through time division. The system has been verified by 220kV transmission line project, the data transmission is stable, the average error of key monitoring point data is 1.28%, the monitoring data is accurate, and the application is good Tension wire construction Sensors Intelligent monitoring system Lora communication Polling pattern Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 1. Introduction With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for energy is increasing, and in the process of transmission line construction, the problem of construction hazards has become increasingly prominent [ 1 ]. Especially in the use of the tension wire construction method for transmission line construction, to ensure that in the traction machine, the tension machine under the coordinated role of the traction rope through the traction walking plate to pull the wire through the payoff skid to complete the wire connection work [ 2 ], the current only by the site of the commanders and construction personnel experience in construction, is very prone to cause power safety accidents [ 3 ]. Therefore, the development of a set of real-time sensing traction machine, tension machine, and traction walking plate safety status, a comprehensive convergence of construction information in order to carry out the danger of early warning of tension wire construction intelligent monitoring system, is to ensure the safety of wire construction is an urgent need. To solve the problems of monitoring parameters one-sidedness and low precision existing in the current tension wire construction, this paper develops a set of intelligent monitoring system for tension wire construction, which realizes the all-round monitoring of each state parameter of traction walking board, traction machine and tension machine. At the same time, it realizes real-time warning when each state parameter exceeds the safety threshold, which guarantees the construction safety of tension wire construction. 2. Overall System Design Solution 2.1. Tension Wire Construction Process and Its Problems Tension wire erection is a wire erection method widely used in wire erection construction, which has the advantages of high mechanization, good construction quality and fast construction speed [ 7 ]. In addition, tension wire erection can make the conductor in a suspended state, avoiding the friction between the con-ductor and the ground, thus reducing the wear and tear of the conductor [ 8 ]. During construction, the traction machine in the traction field is connected to the traction line, the tension machine in the tension field is connected to the subconductors, and the traction line and each subconductor are connected together through the traction walking board. According to the process flow of tension overhead line construction, as well as a large number of overhead line construction engineering accident analysis [ 9 ], the current tension overhead line construction mainly exists in the following 2 points of unsafe factors: (1) Currently, the commanding officer's judgment of the dangerous situation of the tension wire con-struction mainly comes from his personal construction experience, but due to the large number of machines used in the tension wire construction, such as the complex force of the traction walking plate, the attitude can not be accurately monitored, it is difficult to accurately judge the state of each machine based on ex-perience, and it is difficult to early warning of the dangerous situation; (2) The tower is usually tens of meters high, the commanding officer's sight distance will be limited due to the complex construction environment, manual monitoring will inevitably miss the construction of dangerous points, and it is impossible to achieve all-round monitoring of the entire tension wire construc-tion. 2.2. Monitoring Needs and Monitoring Site Setup Aiming at the above two problems in the traditional tension wire construction monitoring method, we consider online monitoring by wireless sensors to realize all-round and whole-process real-time sensing of the tension wire construction situation. Specific monitoring requirements are as follows: (1) Status monitoring of traction walking plate. The main role of the traction walking plate is to pull the sub conductor through the tower on the payoff skid. If the force on the traction plate is unbalanced and exceeds the balance limit of the balanced tail hammer, the traction plate will be overturned, which will cause construction accidents such as wire drop, tail hammer and wire entanglement. Therefore, in the tension wire construction, the state of the traction walking plate needs to be monitored, including the subconductor force and the posture position of the traction walking plate. (2) Traction machine status monitoring. In the tension wire release construction process, the main role of the traction machine is to provide traction to complete the wire connection. Real-time monitoring of the traction force and traction speed of the traction machine, and comparison with the calculated traction force and the scheduled speed, you can determine whether the integrated resistance coefficient of the payoff skid is too large, whether the payoff skid is running normally, and whether other faults occur in the construction section. Therefore, in the tension wire release construction process of traction machine traction force and traction speed and other key state quantities of real-time monitoring is particularly important. (3) Tension machine condition monitoring. Tension machine is a necessary equipment in the tension wire construction process, its role is to provide tension to the wire to ensure that the high-voltage trans-mission lines and ground separation, in the actual project is not easy to wear. Tension machine tension and release speed real-time monitoring, and traction machine with the use of the construction section can be further judged whether other faults occur. Therefore, the tension machine should be real-time monitoring of its tension and release speed. Eventually, the overall monitoring points during the construction process of tension overhead line are set up as shown in Fig. 2 . 2.3. Overall structure of the system With the development of technology, the Internet of Things in Power (IOTIPS) has become an indus-trial-grade IoT widely used in power systems due to its characteristics of comprehensive state sensing, effi-cient information processing, and convenient and flexible applications [ 10 ]. In this way, the overall framework of this system also adopts the IOTIPS framework [ 11 ], which is divided into three layers, namely the intelligent sensing layer, the wireless transmission layer and the information integration layer, as shown in Fig. 3 . Intelligent perception layer realizes accurate collection and rapid processing of state information [ 12 ], mainly including various types of sensors and their built-in data acquisition unit, power supply unit, MCU (Microcontroller Unit) unit, etc., which is used for real-time collection and processing of tension, inclination, distance and other information in the construction process monitored by the system. The wireless trans-mission layer relies on various existing communication technologies [ 13 ] to provide long-distance and short-distance transmission channels for the data collected by the intelligent perception layer, so RS485 serial port, Ethernet, Lora, GPRS, satellite communication and other types of communication technologies can be independently selected according to the characteristics of the construction of tension wire, in order to realize the vertical information interaction between the intelligent perception layer and the information integration layer. The information integration layer realizes vertical integration and horizontal integration of massive information and rational use of data value [ 14 ], including human-computer interaction tablet and remote monitoring PC, which is used to analyze and process the on-site monitoring data, provide early warning or alarm for the critical limit and over-limit data, and record the hazardous data in the background, so as to provide support for the analysis of tension wire construction force data and data mining. The above intelligent sensing layer, wireless transmission layer and information integration layer in-clude various hardware modules for system acquisition, processing, communication, etc. and a series of software programs to promote system operation. In order to discuss the design idea more clearly, the de-velopment process of the system will be divided into 2 parts: system hardware design and system software design. 3. System Hardware Design According to the monitoring requirements of the tension wire construction system determined in the previous two sections, the wireless sensors used in the system include the traction walking plate tension sensor, traction walking plate inclination sensor, tension machine pressure sensor, tension machine speed sensor, traction machine pressure sensor, and traction machine speed sensor, which are responsible for the data acquisition and processing of the status of the installed position. According to the realization principle of sensor function, each sensor mainly contains a data acquisition unit, a system processing module, and a data communication unit. Since the main difference between each sensor lies in the form of the data ac-quisition unit, all sensor system processing modules and data communication units adopt a unified design concept. 3.1. Design of The System Acquisition Module Resistive strain sensors are selected for the data acquisition unit of the traction walking plate tension sensor. Resistive strain load cell is a kind of sensor that transforms the pressure signal into an electrical signal, which has the working characteristics of high precision and small error for pressure detection [ 15 ]. Therefore, the data acquisition unit of the traction walking plate tension sensor adopts the resistance strain load cell. Figure 4 shows the schematic diagram of the traction walking plate tension sensor. When selecting the data acquisition unit of the traction walking plate inclination sensor, in order not to affect the basic construction process, the design of the sensor should be in line with the engineering reality, so when carrying out the design of the attitude-position module, the module volume and quality should be reduced as much as possible. Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) is a chip product designed and manufactured at the micro-nanometer scale, and the device and micromachining technology of MEMS has three characteristics, namely, miniaturization, integration of microelectronics, and high-precision batch manufacturing [ 16 – 17 ]. For this reason, the attitude-position module sensor design uses a MEMS-based gyroscope inertial measurement unit, which can improve the accuracy of data measurement as well as reduce energy consumption [ 18 ]. Therefore, the traction walking plate inclination sensor is chosen to be designed using a MEMS-based gyroscope. Figure 5 shows the schematic diagram of the MEMS-based gyroscope. The selection of the pressure sensor data acquisition unit of the tension machine and the traction machine mainly takes into account the actual application scenario of the tension overhead line construction, and the role of the pressure sensor is mainly to monitor the tension of the tension machine and the traction force of the traction machine. Directly connecting the tension sensor on the wire is greatly affected by friction, so it is chosen to directly install the pressure sensor in the hydraulic system of the tension machine and the traction machine, and directly respond to the size of the traction force and tension through the size of the pressure in the hydraulic system [ 19 ]. Here, TK3051 series pressure transmitter is chosen as the pressure sensor of the traction machine and tension machine, which has a compact and lightweight design and excellent performance [ 20 ], and adopts an integrated mounting manifold to save installation costs. Figure 6 shows the schematic diagram of the pressure transmitter for traction and tension machines. The speed sensor data acquisition unit option is mounted directly on the axial piston dosing motor, which enables real-time monitoring of the payoff speed directly through the axial motor. Diesel engine to provide power to drive the hydraulic pump option, the hydraulic pump for the axial motor to provide kinetic energy, there are axial motor to drive the reel rotation, so directly through the axial piston quantitative motor on the speed sensor to directly monitor the payoff speed. Figure 7 shows the traction machine and tension machine speed sensor schematic diagram. 3.2. Design of The System Processing Module The signals gathered by the system acquisition module must first pass through the processing module for proper handling before being transmitted via the communication module. Consequently, it is essential to select and design the system's processing module appropriately. The analog-to-digital conversion unit realizes the conversion of the collected data from analog signals to digital signals and is the key component connecting the system acquisition module and the system pro-cessing module. Currently, the main types of analog-to-digital converters are successive approximation type, integral type, parallel comparison type, and Delta-Sigma type [ 21 ]. The successive approximation converter is more widely used, but due to the low conversion speed, it is not suitable for industrial real-time moni-toring. Parallel comparison type converter conversion speed is faster, but due to the power consump-tion is too large, is not suitable for long-time work in the field wire construction. Delta-Sigma type ana-log-to-digital converter, conversion speed is fast, low power consumption, can be well adapted to the field tension wire construction. Therefore, the analog-to-digital conversion unit form Delta-Sigma type, model ADS1232. Once the signal is converted, it must be analyzed and processed by the Microcontroller Unit (MCU). Currently, the MCU unit type mainly includes MSP series, STM series and STC series [ 22 ]. MSP series and STC series have the advantage of being able to process a large amount of complex data, but due to the large space occupied by its instructions, complex integration, since the data volume in this system is measured in bytes, it is not suitable for use as the MCU unit of the system. The STC series, however, offers advantages such as low power consumption, simplicity in programming, and high versatility, making it a better choice. Hence, the system's MCU unit utilizes the STC series, as it is better suited to handle the data volume re-quirements of this system. The STC series features low power consumption, easy programming, and high versatility, making it well-suited for the data processing requirements of this system. Therefore, the STC series is chosen for the MCU unit, with the specific model selected being STC12LE5616AD. The operating voltage of the analog-to-digital converter unit differs from that of the MCU unit, making a direct connection between the two unsuitable as it could lead to component damage. To address this, the level shifter TXS0104EPWR is placed between the analog-to-digital converter unit and the MCU unit, en-suring proper circuit operation by balancing the voltage levels. Furthermore, the power supply voltage differs from the operating voltages of the data acquisition unit, analog-to-digital converter, level converter, and MCU unit. Since the 12.6V power supply cannot directly power components with varying voltage levels, specific solutions are implemented. The data acquisition unit, analog-to-digital converter unit, and level converter, which operate at 5V, share the voltage regulator LP2591AC, while the MCU unit, operating at 3.3V, uses the voltage regulator TPS562200 to ensure the circuit functions correctly. The MCU unit and the system communication unit are the most core components in the system, and damage to any one of them will cause the system to fail to work normally. Therefore, in order to prevent the signal interference generated during system operation from affecting both of them, and to avoid the whole circuit from being affected by the burnt components, an isolator is added between the MCU unit and the system communication unit to ensure the stable operation of the circuit. The isolator model adopts the ADuM120x dual-channel digital isolator adapted to the system, with the advantage of extremely low power consumption to meet the system design requirements. In order for the system to accomplish data acquisition and processing, the above units need to be in-tegrated and designed in a reasonable manner. When the system is in operation, the data acquisition unit first collects the rack line monitoring data. Subsequently, the analog-to-digital conversion unit ADS1232 converts the collected electrical signals into digital signals, and the MCU unit STC12LE5616AD analyzes and processes the digital signals coming from the analog-to-digital conversion unit and sends them to the system communication module, finally completing the whole data collection and processing process. Among them, the level converter TXS0104EPWR is used to balance the working voltage between the an-alog-to-digital conversion unit and the MCU unit, the isolator ADuM120x is used to protect the key com-ponents to avoid burning the whole circuit, the power supply is balanced by the level converter LP2591AC, TPS562200 to balance the voltage and power supply to the data acquisition unit, analog-to-digital conversion unit, level converter and MCU unit respectively. and MCU units respectively. The working principle of the system processing module is shown in Fig. 8 . 3.3. Design of The System Communication Module The signal processed by the system processing module can only be sent through the system commu-nication module to realize the signal local or remote transmission. Therefore, this section focuses on the selection and design of the system communication module. 3.3.1 Selection of Far and Near Field Communication Technologies The selection of communication technology will directly determine the effect of data transmission in the project. The data transmission mode of this system includes on-site and remote data transmission, in order to realize real-time on-site monitoring of tension wire construction and remote data sharing. Tension wire construction sites are mostly in remote mountainous areas with dangerous terrain condi-tions and complicated construction conditions. Therefore, the selection of communication technology for on-site data transmission is mainly based on the following two principles: (1) Communication technology can meet the needs of field construction. Tension wire site construction conditions are complex, covers a large area, the transmission distance of communication technology should reach 100 meters; at the same time, due to the traction walking board from the ground height of up to 100 meters, it is difficult to do frequent replacement of sensor batteries, communication technology should be lower power consumption. (2) communication technology can meet the demand for timely warning. As the system is mainly used for real-time perception of tension wire construction of the key points of force, release speed and attitude and timely warning, communication technology transmission delay should reach the millisecond level, in order to meet the system on the dangerous situation of timely response. As a result, the determination of communication technology should also consider the transmission distance, power consumption, transmission delay and other indicators. Currently, the wireless communica-tion technologies used for on-site data transmission mainly include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), Lora (Long Range Radio) and ZigBee, etc., and the detailed performance comparison is shown in Table 1 . Table 1 Comparison of Various Communication Modes Communication Method Primary Frequency Band Distance Power Wastage Bluetooth 2.4GHz Dozens of meters General Wi-Fi 2.4GHz 100-meter scale High Lora 470 ~ 510MHz Suburbs up to 20km Relatively low ZigBee 2.4GHz/915MHz/868MHz Suburbs up to 2km Low From Table 1 , it can be seen that the usual transmission distance of Bluetooth is only a few tens of meters, so it is not considered for use; the characteristics of Wi-Fi devices, which consume too much power and need to be charged frequently, are also not applicable to the network formation of this system; ZigBee, although it is a kind of wireless communication technology with low-power and low-latency, its transmis-sion distance is not enough to satisfy the long-distance communication distance of the construction of the tension racking line; and Lora is a kind of communication technology that can be applied to the power dis-tribution Lora is a communication technology that can be applied to distribution line fault localization [ 23 ], which realizes the same low power consumption and long distance, therefore, the system decides to use Lora communication technology for construction site wireless network formation. The selection of Lora's communication frequency band directly determines the effect of Lora's use in the actual project [ 24 ]. Currently, the Lora communication frequency band mainly includes 433MHz, 470MHz and 868MHz, and considering that the product is mainly used in the Chinese market, the com-munication frequency band in mainland China is generally selected as 470MHz.In addition, the construction site of the tension wire is usually in remote mountainous areas, with more trees, jungles and other ob-structions, and the distance between the sensor and the receiving device can be up to one hundred meters, so the signal penetration is stronger and the transmission distance is farther, so the Lora communication fre-quency band is selected as 470MHz. Signal penetration is stronger, the transmission distance is farther, so Lora communication band selection 470MHz. in addition, although the system monitoring data volume is more, but the logical relationship between the nodes is not complex, the system needs to network simple, simple routing protocols, and relatively high reliability of the network topology, so use the star-shaped network topology for wireless sensor networking. The selection of remote communication technology mainly considers signal coverage, transmission delay and other factors, mainly including 4G, 5G and satellite communication. Because the tension wire construction site is mostly in the field with complicated terrain, 5G base station signal is too scarce and not applicable to the monitoring of transmission line erection; satellite communication has high latency and expensive leasing cost, and is mostly used for signal transmission of TV programs and radio programs, which is also not applicable to the monitoring of tension wire construction system. Considering the features of high speed, low delay, low cost and wide coverage of current 4G communication technology, the system decides to use 4G communication for data remote transmission. 3.3.2 Hardware Selection and Design The Lora communication unit serves as the hardware foundation for enabling Lora wireless signal transmission. When selecting a Lora communication unit, key factors to consider include transmission range, battery efficiency, system capacity, and hardware cost, among other aspects. Due to the many shelters and large site of the tension wire construction site, the system requires high signal penetration and transmission distance, while the data collected by the sensors is actually very simple, with the amount of data counted in bytes, the amount of data to be transmitted is not large, and the requirement for the transmission rate is not high. Therefore, combining the above multiple factors, the system decides to use the LLCC68 chip as the hardware basis for Lora wireless signal transmission. Once the construction data is transmitted via the Lora communication network for field data interaction, it must connect to a 4G communication unit to achieve long-distance data transmission. Therefore, after finalizing the hardware selection for the Lora communication unit, the selection of a 4G communication unit is required. The 4G communication unit utilizes the widely adopted 4G DTU (Data Transfer Unit) technology, specifically the WH-G405tf chip model. When the system's communication module transmits data, it must be received and displayed by either the on-site or remote receiving terminal. To achieve this, an on-site human-machine interface tablet and a remote PC are used as data reception terminals. The human-machine interface tablet employs the PIPO X4 industrial-grade rugged tablet, which supports both Lora and 4G communication technologies. The remote PC terminal utilizes a computer equipped with USB serial port connectivity. The on-site construction data is sent to the panel via the internal communication unit of the sensor. A transmitter from the Lora communication unit is embedded within each wireless sensor and connected to the MCU unit through an isolator. The receiver, on the other hand, is integrated into the panel, with its output directly linked to the panel's serial port. Remote data transmission is realized through the interconnection of on-site Lora communication network and remote 4G network, therefore, the transmitting end of WH-G405tf communication unit is installed inside the panel of human-machine interaction, which is connected to the serial port of the panel after voltage conversion through MP1652 level converter; the receiving end of WH-G405tf communication unit is installed in the remote monitoring PC, which can realize remote data display through serial port communication after receiving data coming from the site. After receiving the data from the site, it realizes remote data display through serial communication. 3.3.3 Network Transmission Solutions To enable the system to complete the monitoring point data acquisition, processing and transmission, it needs to be designed to form a complete network transmission program. Field monitoring adopts a two-way signal transmission mode, when the data need to be uploaded, the signal from the MCU unit through the DIN pin into the transmitting end of the Lora communication unit to wait for the data to be transmitted. When the receiving end of Lora communication unit receives the data, it will be output to the panel via DOUT pin. When the panel needs to give commands, the commands will enter the transmitting end of the Lora communication unit through the DIN pin, and when the receiving end of the Lora communication unit receives the signals, the signals will be outputted to the MCU unit through the DOUT pin to complete the bi-directional transmission of the field integration data. Remote monitoring by the human-computer interaction tablet receives the data, through the UART serial communication signal transmission to the 4G communication unit and transmitted to the 4G base station, the signal through the mobile communication network transmission, and ultimately through the 4G communication unit will be accessed to the data, including the State Grid enterprises, energy companies and government departments and other remote user platforms, to achieve the construction of off-site monitoring of the site data. The construction site and remote network transmission scheme is shown in Fig. 9 . 4. Systems Software Design The system monitoring software interface is designed and developed in the Visual Basic language, and the program interface is a visualized operation interface. 4.1. Field Data Transmission and Early Warning Program Design The design of on-site data transmission program is the key to realize the system data transmission, and the design of the early warning program directly determines the effect of the system on the construction safety monitoring of the group tower. For the characteristics of the system with many monitoring points and wide distribution range, the field data transmission and early warning program adopts the polling mode [ 26 ], i.e., individually asking each monitoring point at different addresses of the system, and only after a moni-toring point answers, the next monitoring point will start to be asked, and this method is used to repeatedly carry out the cycle rounds, realizing the orderly utilization of each channel through time and space. In the process of data transmission, first of all, the monitoring terminal starts to fetch the target address code and judge it, if the address code does not match, it will interrupt the program and return to the start state; if the target address code matches with the local address code, it will send the address data (give the data acquisition instruction) and wait for the data to be transmitted back, if it fails to send, it will re-send the instruction until it succeeds. After the address data sending is completed, the monitoring terminal waits for the data return reception, if the number of unsuccessful data reception exceeds 3 times, it will be judged as communication failure, and then immediately start to fetch the next target address code; if the data return reception is successful, the monitoring terminal analyzes and calculates the received data, and clears the number of unsuccessful data reception. After the monitoring terminal receives the field data, it displays the monitoring values on the plate after analyzing and processing, and at the same time judges whether the monitoring data is within the safety range, and for the data larger than the warning value and alarm value, the system will use different sounds to carry out the danger warning and the danger alarm, and record the data that reaches the base value of the record. After completing the data retrieval and warning process of a certain unit, the upper computer immediately starts to retrieve data from the next address unit, i.e., to make inquiries at the next address. The system field data transmission and warning program design is shown in Fig. 10 . 4.2. Remote Data Transfer Programming The remote data transfer program plays a vital role in determining the functionality and efficiency of the system’s remote monitoring features. As such, designing an efficient and reliable remote data transfer program is of utmost importance. The system incorporates the WH-G405tf 4G DTU (Data Transfer Unit) chip, which functions effectively once its working mode is properly configured. There are three working modes: Network Transmission Mode, HTTPD Client Mode and UDC Working Mode. HTTPD Client Mode and UDC Working Mode are mainly used in serial servers, which can not be applied to this system according to the HTTP protocol format and the UDC protocol format in the data interaction with the web server. Therefore, the system remote transmission adopts the network transmission mode without protocol encapsulation, and sends to the web server directly through the serial port of the module without any processing and modification. In the network transmission process, the HCI tablet utilizes the G405tf communication module at the sending end to transmit data packets to the receiving end of another remote G405tf communication module. This enables data interconnection via the public 4G communication network, supported by a transmission cloud platform. The data is then forwarded in real time to a remote PC, completing the entire process of remote data transmission. Figure 11 provides a visual representation of this remote data transmission approach. 5. Application of Intelligent Monitoring System for Tension Wire Construction 5.1. Validation of The Accuracy of System Monitoring Data In the data monitoring accuracy testing experiment of the tension machine, we compared the tension size and unwinding speed of the tension machine experimentally. The tension size of the tension machine in the actual project is around 50kN, so the experimental value was set near 50kN. By comparing the actual measured values and the set values of the three sets of tension sizes, the error of the tension monitoring of the tension machine is obtained to be around 1.7%. The release speed of the tension machine in the project is around 3km/h-4km/h, the maximum is not more than 5km/h, so the experimental value is set near 4km/h. By comparing the actual measured values and set values of the three sets of tension machine unwinding speeds, the error of the unwinding speed is obtained to be around 1%. The detailed monitoring data are shown in Table 2 . Table 2 Tension Machine Monitoring Data Form Monitoring data Set point Monitoring values Inaccuracies Tension 1 45kN 44.1kN 2% Tension 2 50kN 50.8kN 1.6% Tension 3 55kN 54.1kN 1.6% Unwind speed 1 3km/h 2.97km/h 1% Unwind speed 2 4km/h 4.05km/h 1.25% Unwind speed 3 5km/h 4.96km/h 0.8% In the data monitoring accuracy testing experiment of the traction machine, we experimentally compare the traction force size and traction speed of the traction machine. The traction force size of the traction machine in the actual project is around 80kN, so the experimental value is set near 80kN. By comparing the actual measured values and the set values of the three sets of traction force magnitude, the error of traction force monitoring of the traction machine is obtained to be around 1.7%. The traction speed of the traction machine in the project is around 3km/h-4km/h, with the maximum not exceeding 5km/h, so the experi-mental value is set near 4km/h. By comparing the actual measured values and set values of traction speed of three groups of traction machines, the error of traction speed is obtained to be around 1.4%. The detailed monitoring data are shown in Table 3 . Table 3 Traction Machine Monitoring Data Form Monitoring data Set point Monitoring values Inaccuracies Traction 1 75kN 73.8kN 1.6% Traction 2 80kN 78.4kN 2% Traction 3 85kN 86.4kN 1.6% Unwind speed 1 3km/h 3.04km/h 1.3% Unwind speed 2 4km/h 4.07km/h 1.75% Unwind speed 3 5km/h 4.94km/h 1.2% We tested the accuracy of monitoring the force and tilt angle of the four subconductors of the traction walking plate in the laboratory. The errors of monitoring the force on the four subconductors of the traction walking plate were 1.12%, 1.26%, 1.04%, and 1.17%, respectively, and the error of monitoring the tilt angle of the traction walking plate was 1.10%. The detailed monitoring data are shown in Table 4 . Table 4 Traction walking plate Monitoring Data Form Monitoring data Set point Monitoring values Inaccuracies Force on sub-conductor No. 1 10000N 10112N 1.12% Force on sub-conductor No. 2 10000N 9874N 1.26% Force on sub-conductor No. 3 10000N 10104N 1.04% Force on sub-conductor No. 4 10000N 9883N 1.17% inclination angle 10° 10.11° 1.10% 5.2. On-site Engineering Applications The developed tension overhead line construction intelligent monitoring system was applied to the 220kV transmission line project on November 21, 2023, and the site layout is shown in Fig. 12 . 6. Conclusion (1) In this paper, for the unsafe factors existing in the process of tension wire construction, a set of intelligent monitoring system for tension wire construction based on electric power Internet of Things is developed, which realizes all-around intelligent perception and danger warning of the wire construction, and improves the safety of the wire construction project. (2) The system is applied in Jilin Jiutai 220kV transmission line project, and the results show that the system is effective in monitoring the tension wire construction, and the average error of the data at the key monitoring points is about 1.28%, and the monitoring data is accurate. The result verifies that all aspects of the system performance can meet the project requirements. Declarations Author Contributions: Software, L.W. (Liu-Huo Wang); Investigation, Q.X. (Qi Xiao); Resources, F.W. (Feng Wang); Writing—original draft, X L. (Xiao-Bin Li); Writing—original draft, H.G. (Hua-Shen Guan); Writing—review & editing, B.L. (Bao-Jun Liu). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This work was supported in part by China Southern Power Grid Corporation Science and Technology, Grant/Award Number: No. GDKJXM20222434. Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethics approval and consent to participate This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Consent for publication We confirm that we have read the journal policies and we are submitting our manuscript in accordance with journal policies. All the authors gave their consent for publication of the results. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Consent to Publish declaration Not applicable. Consent to Participate declaration Not applicable. Funding declaration This work was supported in part by China Southern Power Grid Corporation Science and Technology, Grant/Award Number: No. GDKJXM20222434. References HAN Xiancai, SUN Xin, CHEN Haibo, QIU Ning, LYU Duo, WANG Ninghua, WANG Xiaoning and ZHANG Jialei, “The Overview of Development of UHV AC Transmission Technology in China,” Proceedings of the CSEE, vol. 440, no. 14, pp. 4371–4386 + 4719, 2020, DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.182251 . WAN Jiancheng, SUN Tao, LIU Yujie, LI Junhui, LIU Zhen, NIU Haijun, LI Zhenyu, “Study on 1 000 mm2 Large Cross-section Conductor Pay-off Construction Technique,” Proceedings of the CSEE, vol. 30, no. S1, pp. 237–244, 2010, DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2010.s1.040 . SUI Yu, NING Pingfan, NIU Pingjuan, WANG Chenyu, ZHAO Di, ZHANG Weilong, HAN Shuzhen, LIANG Lijun, XUE Gaojian, CUI Yanjun, “Review on Mounted UAV for Transmission Line Inspection,” Power System Technology, vol. 45, no. 09, pp. 3636–3648, 2021, DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2020.1178 . SUO Yu, “Wireless Video Surveillance in Transmission and Substation Construction,” Electric Power Construction, no. 02, pp. 41–43, 2008. QIU Churan, “Research on remote control system of tension machine in stringing construction,” Lanzhou University of Technology, 2013. SUN Lizhou, “Research on the remote intelligent monitoring system of the tension stringing equipment in stringing construction,” Lanzhou University of Technology, 2011. Yansong Pang, “A Review of Integrated Control Technology of Tension Stringing Equipment in Transmission Line Erection,” Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, vol. 25, pp. 19–27, 2023, DOI: 10.9734/JERR/2023/V25I9977 . QIN Jian, LIU Chen, QI Zhiqiang, QIAO Liang, “Calculation Method and Engineering Test for Continuous Process of Tension Stringing Based on Catenary Method,” Southern Power System Technology, vol. 15, no. 06, pp. 36–42, 2021, DOI: 10.13648/j.cnki.issn1674-0629.2021.06.006 . “National Energy Administration. December 2020 Accident Notification and Annual Accident Analysis Report,” National Energy Administration, 2021-03–25. JIANG Xiuchen, LIU Yadong, FU Xiaofei, XU Peng, WANG Shaoqing, SHENG Gehao, “Construction Ideas and Development Trends of Transmission and Distribution Equipment of the Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things,” High Voltage Engineering, vol. 45,no. 05, pp. 1345–1351, 2019, DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190505001 . LÜ Jun, SHENG Wanxing, LIU Riliang, WANG Peng, LÜ Guangxian, LIN Jiaying, ZHANG Zhiming, “Design and Application of Power Distribution Internet of Things,” High Voltage Engineering, vol. 45, no. 06, pp. 1683–1688, 2019, DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190604001 . SU Sheng, WANG Gan, LIU Liang, CHEN Qingqing, WANG Kun, “Review on Security of Power Internet of Things Terminals,” High Voltage Engineering, vol. 48, no. 02, pp. 513–525, 2022, DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20210150 . JIANG Xiuchen, LUO Lingen, YU Zhongmin, FU Xiaofei, SHENG Gehao, LIU Yadong, QIAN Yong, “Technologies and Solutions of Blockchain Application in Power Equipment Ubiquitous Internet of Things,” High Voltage Engineering, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 3393–3400, 2019, DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20191031046 . WU Shanshan, NING Xin, GUO Shen, GUO Huan, “Discussion on Application of Distribution Internet of Things in New Industry Form,” High Voltage Engineering, vol. 45, no. 06, pp. 1723–1728, 2019, DOI: 10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190604006 . HUANG Yunxing, WEI Yangzhi, ZHONG Wancai, “Design of tension measurement device for power cable based on resistance-type weighing sensor,” Industrial Instrumentation & Automation, no. 03, pp. 64–67 + 73, 2016. YUAN Weizheng, CHANG Honglong, XIE Jianbing, “Advances in MEMS Integrated Design and Manufacturing Technology,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 59, no. 03, pp. 176–186, 2023. Dichev. D, Zhelezarov. I, Madzharov. N. “SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE ATTITUDE OF MOVING OBJECTS, USING A KALMAN FILTER AND MEMS SENSORS,” COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE BULGARE DES SCIENCES, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. 1527–1536, 2019, DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.182251 . Karimzadehkhouei M, Ali B, Ghourichaei J M, et al. “Silicon Nanowires Driving Miniaturization of Microelectromechanical Systems Physical Sensors: A Review,” Advanced Engineering Materials, 2023. GAO Binbin, GU Xingsheng, “Pressure Transmitter Research Status and Development Trend,” Process Automation Instrumentation, vol. 45, no. 01, pp. 1–7, 2024, DOI: 10.16086/j.cnki.issn1000-0380.2023100100 . Zhang Hualong, Zheng Zhengguo, Zhu Huiwen, Zhao Huijuan, “Design and Simulation of Control System of Suction Crane Based on Profinet Bus,” Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology, vol. 52, no. 07, pp. 115–119, 2023. Shi Lan, Ju Shuirong, Ding ༲uixue, Zhu Zhangming, “A Successive Approximation ༲egister Analog-to-Digital Converter,” Semiconductor Technology, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 916–923, 2020, DOI: 10.13290/j.cnki.bdtjs.2020.12.002 . LIU Yongteng, TAN Cao, LI Bo, GE Wenqing, “Design of Controller for Solenoid Valve Group Based on STC-MCU,” Machine Tool & Hydraulics, vol. 49, no. 02, pp. 70–73, 2021. ZHENG Chutao, KONG Xiangxuan, LI Bin, PAN Jingzhi, YE Bei, MA Hengrui, “Development of A New Synchronous Measurement Unit for Distribution Network,” Smart Power, vol. 48, no. 02, pp. 65–70 + 77, 2020. Li Yichi, Zhou Qian, “Research on precise load control system based on wireless communication,” China Plant Engineering, no. 22, pp. 18–20, 2023. GB/T 35697 – 2017 General technical specification for on-line monitoring device on overhead transmission lines. Beijing, China: China Standard Press, 2017. CAO Xiangang, DUAN Xinyu, ZHANG Mengyuan, LEI Zhuo, LI Yanchuan, “Coal mine equipment condition monitoring system design,” vol. 47, no. 05, pp. 101–105, 2021, DOI: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2020120065 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 29 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 11 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 19 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 15 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 15 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 10 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6191635","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":434985431,"identity":"70eccad2-4b57-4cb6-b681-7a5f8e86aad3","order_by":0,"name":"Liu-Huo Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Liu-Huo","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":434985432,"identity":"3c69481b-e256-4d4a-902a-e949f5b53ec5","order_by":1,"name":"Qi Xiao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qi","middleName":"","lastName":"Xiao","suffix":""},{"id":434985433,"identity":"509f2fbd-ff87-407f-a3dc-a8bb4eea0bf3","order_by":2,"name":"Feng Wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAu0lEQVRIie3PIQ7CMBiG4TZNilnAFsM4wsiSqSVcpTWdGb5yCeRXhCPALQiyS5OqcgIEJVwAOQkWQfhxiD76e8VHSJL8I+aslUbM+GhtkQnXKsZQl+PMS2zSlovbRqu9aOe4ovCkEqpzDZCWkMEcUYkW6uRWQM6WbsPle1JdOy9UeCV0JxkFTOIpCAWu4SwrsAljhQItOccmS89plKFeQMZlj/oyhcmjH4zI88O9j4NBJG/sj/skSZLkkycf0T+sDPi7LQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"China Three Gorges University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Feng","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":434985434,"identity":"2384e984-98ab-4dc8-b950-ffc0a6cc1fd2","order_by":3,"name":"Xiao-Bin Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangmen Power Supply Bureau, Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiao-Bin","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":434985435,"identity":"715a30e1-f64f-417e-a72d-a0acd369a73a","order_by":4,"name":"Hua-Shen Guan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangmen Power Supply Bureau, Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hua-Shen","middleName":"","lastName":"Guan","suffix":""},{"id":434985436,"identity":"33b78c0c-8664-4d72-bbff-a363bef55ad0","order_by":5,"name":"Bao-Jun Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangmen Power Supply Bureau, Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bao-Jun","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-10 04:08:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6191635/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6191635/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":79434745,"identity":"ae8df347-18f1-4095-ad6c-675b51f1ee11","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 11:40:39","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":183482,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSchematic diagram of the working principle of tension wire construction\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/a74ca7758713787e88a18463.png"},{"id":79434747,"identity":"b8294c1d-82c7-4470-8e38-c5dbd6428391","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 11:40:39","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":450313,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSchematic diagram of monitoring points for tension wire construction.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/bcdb1111e89dd8506a772a62.png"},{"id":79434749,"identity":"69435979-5232-43fa-bc40-e13f1f82faa1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 11:40:39","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":197032,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSchematic diagram of the overall system framework.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/69ae2cc5ef4c801bed4560d5.png"},{"id":79435216,"identity":"fe4b2248-6b28-4954-980a-5b89157ab333","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 11:48:39","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":23873,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSchematic diagram of traction walking plate tension sensor.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/b0bc638187bb72a972dba39d.png"},{"id":79434751,"identity":"971a0734-e229-4239-b997-f23c947eac96","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 11:40:39","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":268516,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSchematic diagram of MEMS-based gyroscope.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/7ba7abeebb2357caf0172411.png"},{"id":79435985,"identity":"7c7b3a6c-5a8a-4232-9da0-87f0c50c2090","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 11:56:39","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":75882,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSchematic diagram of pressure transmitter for traction and tension machines.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/1848b1a54fafdda27e361898.png"},{"id":79434764,"identity":"c623e335-3304-455d-a87a-18eab5e4dd52","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 11:40:39","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":154215,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSchematic diagram of traction and tension machine speed sensors.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/a5fa4fb3021f8d49e96ed49a.png"},{"id":79434754,"identity":"9158e6ca-5573-4c9a-bc21-75453bc7b587","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 11:40:39","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":208828,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSchematic diagram of the working principle of the system processing module.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/4e79a0d9dd1f3ed831da9cdd.png"},{"id":79434756,"identity":"5dd19295-79dc-4e34-bc94-e080e05db8a5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 11:40:39","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":254417,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOn-site and Remote Network Transmission Solution Diagram.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/d17f27f4f8b41a3db0cae1de.png"},{"id":79435217,"identity":"25d39c29-1e70-4867-8748-d2a5ee95d500","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 11:48:39","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":350524,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFlowchart for the operation of the early warning program.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/695f9fe80f50f85f6ec083e6.png"},{"id":79434757,"identity":"fa05d45b-504c-485b-b131-39c419858044","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 11:40:39","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":12402,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRemote data transfer mode.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/4bb463c00238c1c72e29e72c.png"},{"id":79434763,"identity":"10d61b10-5fca-428b-9308-b499de1791a8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 11:40:39","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":461748,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOn-site System Layout Diagram.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/32acac07af07cfb4d02ecad8.png"},{"id":79436863,"identity":"fcdddfa6-87d4-4404-8881-f6499faaba64","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-28 12:12:40","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3658177,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6191635/v1/c58c9e93-bacd-45d9-ae97-628224dfc3f7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Development of Intelligent Monitoring System for Tension Overhead Line Construction Based on Multi-Parameter Sensing","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for energy is increasing, and in the process of transmission line construction, the problem of construction hazards has become increasingly prominent [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Especially in the use of the tension wire construction method for transmission line construction, to ensure that in the traction machine, the tension machine under the coordinated role of the traction rope through the traction walking plate to pull the wire through the payoff skid to complete the wire connection work [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e], the current only by the site of the commanders and construction personnel experience in construction, is very prone to cause power safety accidents [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, the development of a set of real-time sensing traction machine, tension machine, and traction walking plate safety status, a comprehensive convergence of construction information in order to carry out the danger of early warning of tension wire construction intelligent monitoring system, is to ensure the safety of wire construction is an urgent need.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo solve the problems of monitoring parameters one-sidedness and low precision existing in the current tension wire construction, this paper develops a set of intelligent monitoring system for tension wire construction, which realizes the all-round monitoring of each state parameter of traction walking board, traction machine and tension machine. At the same time, it realizes real-time warning when each state parameter exceeds the safety threshold, which guarantees the construction safety of tension wire construction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Overall System Design Solution","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1. Tension Wire Construction Process and Its Problems\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTension wire erection is a wire erection method widely used in wire erection construction, which has the advantages of high mechanization, good construction quality and fast construction speed [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition, tension wire erection can make the conductor in a suspended state, avoiding the friction between the con-ductor and the ground, thus reducing the wear and tear of the conductor [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. During construction, the traction machine in the traction field is connected to the traction line, the tension machine in the tension field is connected to the subconductors, and the traction line and each subconductor are connected together through the traction walking board.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the process flow of tension overhead line construction, as well as a large number of overhead line construction engineering accident analysis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e], the current tension overhead line construction mainly exists in the following 2 points of unsafe factors:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(1) Currently, the commanding officer's judgment of the dangerous situation of the tension wire con-struction mainly comes from his personal construction experience, but due to the large number of machines used in the tension wire construction, such as the complex force of the traction walking plate, the attitude can not be accurately monitored, it is difficult to accurately judge the state of each machine based on ex-perience, and it is difficult to early warning of the dangerous situation;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(2) The tower is usually tens of meters high, the commanding officer's sight distance will be limited due to the complex construction environment, manual monitoring will inevitably miss the construction of dangerous points, and it is impossible to achieve all-round monitoring of the entire tension wire construc-tion.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2. Monitoring Needs and Monitoring Site Setup\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAiming at the above two problems in the traditional tension wire construction monitoring method, we consider online monitoring by wireless sensors to realize all-round and whole-process real-time sensing of the tension wire construction situation. Specific monitoring requirements are as follows:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(1) Status monitoring of traction walking plate. The main role of the traction walking plate is to pull the sub conductor through the tower on the payoff skid. If the force on the traction plate is unbalanced and exceeds the balance limit of the balanced tail hammer, the traction plate will be overturned, which will cause construction accidents such as wire drop, tail hammer and wire entanglement. Therefore, in the tension wire construction, the state of the traction walking plate needs to be monitored, including the subconductor force and the posture position of the traction walking plate.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(2) Traction machine status monitoring. In the tension wire release construction process, the main role of the traction machine is to provide traction to complete the wire connection. Real-time monitoring of the traction force and traction speed of the traction machine, and comparison with the calculated traction force and the scheduled speed, you can determine whether the integrated resistance coefficient of the payoff skid is too large, whether the payoff skid is running normally, and whether other faults occur in the construction section. Therefore, in the tension wire release construction process of traction machine traction force and traction speed and other key state quantities of real-time monitoring is particularly important.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(3) Tension machine condition monitoring. Tension machine is a necessary equipment in the tension wire construction process, its role is to provide tension to the wire to ensure that the high-voltage trans-mission lines and ground separation, in the actual project is not easy to wear. Tension machine tension and release speed real-time monitoring, and traction machine with the use of the construction section can be further judged whether other faults occur. Therefore, the tension machine should be real-time monitoring of its tension and release speed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEventually, the overall monitoring points during the construction process of tension overhead line are set up as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3. Overall structure of the system\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith the development of technology, the Internet of Things in Power (IOTIPS) has become an indus-trial-grade IoT widely used in power systems due to its characteristics of comprehensive state sensing, effi-cient information processing, and convenient and flexible applications [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. In this way, the overall framework of this system also adopts the IOTIPS framework [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e], which is divided into three layers, namely the intelligent sensing layer, the wireless transmission layer and the information integration layer, as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntelligent perception layer realizes accurate collection and rapid processing of state information [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e], mainly including various types of sensors and their built-in data acquisition unit, power supply unit, MCU (Microcontroller Unit) unit, etc., which is used for real-time collection and processing of tension, inclination, distance and other information in the construction process monitored by the system. The wireless trans-mission layer relies on various existing communication technologies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e] to provide long-distance and short-distance transmission channels for the data collected by the intelligent perception layer, so RS485 serial port, Ethernet, Lora, GPRS, satellite communication and other types of communication technologies can be independently selected according to the characteristics of the construction of tension wire, in order to realize the vertical information interaction between the intelligent perception layer and the information integration layer. The information integration layer realizes vertical integration and horizontal integration of massive information and rational use of data value [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e], including human-computer interaction tablet and remote monitoring PC, which is used to analyze and process the on-site monitoring data, provide early warning or alarm for the critical limit and over-limit data, and record the hazardous data in the background, so as to provide support for the analysis of tension wire construction force data and data mining.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe above intelligent sensing layer, wireless transmission layer and information integration layer in-clude various hardware modules for system acquisition, processing, communication, etc. and a series of software programs to promote system operation. In order to discuss the design idea more clearly, the de-velopment process of the system will be divided into 2 parts: system hardware design and system software design.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. System Hardware Design","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the monitoring requirements of the tension wire construction system determined in the previous two sections, the wireless sensors used in the system include the traction walking plate tension sensor, traction walking plate inclination sensor, tension machine pressure sensor, tension machine speed sensor, traction machine pressure sensor, and traction machine speed sensor, which are responsible for the data acquisition and processing of the status of the installed position. According to the realization principle of sensor function, each sensor mainly contains a data acquisition unit, a system processing module, and a data communication unit. Since the main difference between each sensor lies in the form of the data ac-quisition unit, all sensor system processing modules and data communication units adopt a unified design concept.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1. Design of The System Acquisition Module\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistive strain sensors are selected for the data acquisition unit of the traction walking plate tension sensor. Resistive strain load cell is a kind of sensor that transforms the pressure signal into an electrical signal, which has the working characteristics of high precision and small error for pressure detection [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, the data acquisition unit of the traction walking plate tension sensor adopts the resistance strain load cell. Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e shows the schematic diagram of the traction walking plate tension sensor.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen selecting the data acquisition unit of the traction walking plate inclination sensor, in order not to affect the basic construction process, the design of the sensor should be in line with the engineering reality, so when carrying out the design of the attitude-position module, the module volume and quality should be reduced as much as possible. Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) is a chip product designed and manufactured at the micro-nanometer scale, and the device and micromachining technology of MEMS has three characteristics, namely, miniaturization, integration of microelectronics, and high-precision batch manufacturing [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. For this reason, the attitude-position module sensor design uses a MEMS-based gyroscope inertial measurement unit, which can improve the accuracy of data measurement as well as reduce energy consumption [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, the traction walking plate inclination sensor is chosen to be designed using a MEMS-based gyroscope. Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e shows the schematic diagram of the MEMS-based gyroscope.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe selection of the pressure sensor data acquisition unit of the tension machine and the traction machine mainly takes into account the actual application scenario of the tension overhead line construction, and the role of the pressure sensor is mainly to monitor the tension of the tension machine and the traction force of the traction machine. Directly connecting the tension sensor on the wire is greatly affected by friction, so it is chosen to directly install the pressure sensor in the hydraulic system of the tension machine and the traction machine, and directly respond to the size of the traction force and tension through the size of the pressure in the hydraulic system [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Here, TK3051 series pressure transmitter is chosen as the pressure sensor of the traction machine and tension machine, which has a compact and lightweight design and excellent performance [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e], and adopts an integrated mounting manifold to save installation costs. Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e shows the schematic diagram of the pressure transmitter for traction and tension machines.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe speed sensor data acquisition unit option is mounted directly on the axial piston dosing motor, which enables real-time monitoring of the payoff speed directly through the axial motor. Diesel engine to provide power to drive the hydraulic pump option, the hydraulic pump for the axial motor to provide kinetic energy, there are axial motor to drive the reel rotation, so directly through the axial piston quantitative motor on the speed sensor to directly monitor the payoff speed. Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e shows the traction machine and tension machine speed sensor schematic diagram.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2. Design of The System Processing Module\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe signals gathered by the system acquisition module must first pass through the processing module for proper handling before being transmitted via the communication module. Consequently, it is essential to select and design the system's processing module appropriately.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe analog-to-digital conversion unit realizes the conversion of the collected data from analog signals to digital signals and is the key component connecting the system acquisition module and the system pro-cessing module. Currently, the main types of analog-to-digital converters are successive approximation type, integral type, parallel comparison type, and Delta-Sigma type [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. The successive approximation converter is more widely used, but due to the low conversion speed, it is not suitable for industrial real-time moni-toring. Parallel comparison type converter conversion speed is faster, but due to the power consump-tion is too large, is not suitable for long-time work in the field wire construction. Delta-Sigma type ana-log-to-digital converter, conversion speed is fast, low power consumption, can be well adapted to the field tension wire construction. Therefore, the analog-to-digital conversion unit form Delta-Sigma type, model ADS1232.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnce the signal is converted, it must be analyzed and processed by the Microcontroller Unit (MCU). Currently, the MCU unit type mainly includes MSP series, STM series and STC series [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. MSP series and STC series have the advantage of being able to process a large amount of complex data, but due to the large space occupied by its instructions, complex integration, since the data volume in this system is measured in bytes, it is not suitable for use as the MCU unit of the system. The STC series, however, offers advantages such as low power consumption, simplicity in programming, and high versatility, making it a better choice. Hence, the system's MCU unit utilizes the STC series, as it is better suited to handle the data volume re-quirements of this system. The STC series features low power consumption, easy programming, and high versatility, making it well-suited for the data processing requirements of this system. Therefore, the STC series is chosen for the MCU unit, with the specific model selected being STC12LE5616AD.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe operating voltage of the analog-to-digital converter unit differs from that of the MCU unit, making a direct connection between the two unsuitable as it could lead to component damage. To address this, the level shifter TXS0104EPWR is placed between the analog-to-digital converter unit and the MCU unit, en-suring proper circuit operation by balancing the voltage levels. Furthermore, the power supply voltage differs from the operating voltages of the data acquisition unit, analog-to-digital converter, level converter, and MCU unit. Since the 12.6V power supply cannot directly power components with varying voltage levels, specific solutions are implemented. The data acquisition unit, analog-to-digital converter unit, and level converter, which operate at 5V, share the voltage regulator LP2591AC, while the MCU unit, operating at 3.3V, uses the voltage regulator TPS562200 to ensure the circuit functions correctly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe MCU unit and the system communication unit are the most core components in the system, and damage to any one of them will cause the system to fail to work normally. Therefore, in order to prevent the signal interference generated during system operation from affecting both of them, and to avoid the whole circuit from being affected by the burnt components, an isolator is added between the MCU unit and the system communication unit to ensure the stable operation of the circuit. The isolator model adopts the ADuM120x dual-channel digital isolator adapted to the system, with the advantage of extremely low power consumption to meet the system design requirements.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn order for the system to accomplish data acquisition and processing, the above units need to be in-tegrated and designed in a reasonable manner. When the system is in operation, the data acquisition unit first collects the rack line monitoring data. Subsequently, the analog-to-digital conversion unit ADS1232 converts the collected electrical signals into digital signals, and the MCU unit STC12LE5616AD analyzes and processes the digital signals coming from the analog-to-digital conversion unit and sends them to the system communication module, finally completing the whole data collection and processing process. Among them, the level converter TXS0104EPWR is used to balance the working voltage between the an-alog-to-digital conversion unit and the MCU unit, the isolator ADuM120x is used to protect the key com-ponents to avoid burning the whole circuit, the power supply is balanced by the level converter LP2591AC, TPS562200 to balance the voltage and power supply to the data acquisition unit, analog-to-digital conversion unit, level converter and MCU unit respectively. and MCU units respectively. The working principle of the system processing module is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3. Design of The System Communication Module\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe signal processed by the system processing module can only be sent through the system commu-nication module to realize the signal local or remote transmission. Therefore, this section focuses on the selection and design of the system communication module.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3.1 Selection of Far and Near Field Communication Technologies\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe selection of communication technology will directly determine the effect of data transmission in the project. The data transmission mode of this system includes on-site and remote data transmission, in order to realize real-time on-site monitoring of tension wire construction and remote data sharing.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTension wire construction sites are mostly in remote mountainous areas with dangerous terrain condi-tions and complicated construction conditions. Therefore, the selection of communication technology for on-site data transmission is mainly based on the following two principles:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(1) Communication technology can meet the needs of field construction. Tension wire site construction conditions are complex, covers a large area, the transmission distance of communication technology should reach 100 meters; at the same time, due to the traction walking board from the ground height of up to 100 meters, it is difficult to do frequent replacement of sensor batteries, communication technology should be lower power consumption.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(2) communication technology can meet the demand for timely warning. As the system is mainly used for real-time perception of tension wire construction of the key points of force, release speed and attitude and timely warning, communication technology transmission delay should reach the millisecond level, in order to meet the system on the dangerous situation of timely response.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a result, the determination of communication technology should also consider the transmission distance, power consumption, transmission delay and other indicators. Currently, the wireless communica-tion technologies used for on-site data transmission mainly include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), Lora (Long Range Radio) and ZigBee, etc., and the detailed performance comparison is shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eComparison of Various Communication Modes\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunication Method\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary Frequency Band\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePower Wastage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBluetooth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4GHz\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDozens of meters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWi-Fi\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4GHz\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100-meter scale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLora\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e470\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;510MHz\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuburbs up to 20km\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelatively low\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZigBee\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4GHz/915MHz/868MHz\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuburbs up to 2km\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, it can be seen that the usual transmission distance of Bluetooth is only a few tens of meters, so it is not considered for use; the characteristics of Wi-Fi devices, which consume too much power and need to be charged frequently, are also not applicable to the network formation of this system; ZigBee, although it is a kind of wireless communication technology with low-power and low-latency, its transmis-sion distance is not enough to satisfy the long-distance communication distance of the construction of the tension racking line; and Lora is a kind of communication technology that can be applied to the power dis-tribution Lora is a communication technology that can be applied to distribution line fault localization [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e], which realizes the same low power consumption and long distance, therefore, the system decides to use Lora communication technology for construction site wireless network formation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe selection of Lora's communication frequency band directly determines the effect of Lora's use in the actual project [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. Currently, the Lora communication frequency band mainly includes 433MHz, 470MHz and 868MHz, and considering that the product is mainly used in the Chinese market, the com-munication frequency band in mainland China is generally selected as 470MHz.In addition, the construction site of the tension wire is usually in remote mountainous areas, with more trees, jungles and other ob-structions, and the distance between the sensor and the receiving device can be up to one hundred meters, so the signal penetration is stronger and the transmission distance is farther, so the Lora communication fre-quency band is selected as 470MHz. Signal penetration is stronger, the transmission distance is farther, so Lora communication band selection 470MHz. in addition, although the system monitoring data volume is more, but the logical relationship between the nodes is not complex, the system needs to network simple, simple routing protocols, and relatively high reliability of the network topology, so use the star-shaped network topology for wireless sensor networking.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe selection of remote communication technology mainly considers signal coverage, transmission delay and other factors, mainly including 4G, 5G and satellite communication. Because the tension wire construction site is mostly in the field with complicated terrain, 5G base station signal is too scarce and not applicable to the monitoring of transmission line erection; satellite communication has high latency and expensive leasing cost, and is mostly used for signal transmission of TV programs and radio programs, which is also not applicable to the monitoring of tension wire construction system. Considering the features of high speed, low delay, low cost and wide coverage of current 4G communication technology, the system decides to use 4G communication for data remote transmission.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3.2 Hardware Selection and Design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Lora communication unit serves as the hardware foundation for enabling Lora wireless signal transmission. When selecting a Lora communication unit, key factors to consider include transmission range, battery efficiency, system capacity, and hardware cost, among other aspects. Due to the many shelters and large site of the tension wire construction site, the system requires high signal penetration and transmission distance, while the data collected by the sensors is actually very simple, with the amount of data counted in bytes, the amount of data to be transmitted is not large, and the requirement for the transmission rate is not high. Therefore, combining the above multiple factors, the system decides to use the LLCC68 chip as the hardware basis for Lora wireless signal transmission.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnce the construction data is transmitted via the Lora communication network for field data interaction, it must connect to a 4G communication unit to achieve long-distance data transmission. Therefore, after finalizing the hardware selection for the Lora communication unit, the selection of a 4G communication unit is required. The 4G communication unit utilizes the widely adopted 4G DTU (Data Transfer Unit) technology, specifically the WH-G405tf chip model.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen the system's communication module transmits data, it must be received and displayed by either the on-site or remote receiving terminal. To achieve this, an on-site human-machine interface tablet and a remote PC are used as data reception terminals. The human-machine interface tablet employs the PIPO X4 industrial-grade rugged tablet, which supports both Lora and 4G communication technologies. The remote PC terminal utilizes a computer equipped with USB serial port connectivity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe on-site construction data is sent to the panel via the internal communication unit of the sensor. A transmitter from the Lora communication unit is embedded within each wireless sensor and connected to the MCU unit through an isolator. The receiver, on the other hand, is integrated into the panel, with its output directly linked to the panel's serial port.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemote data transmission is realized through the interconnection of on-site Lora communication network and remote 4G network, therefore, the transmitting end of WH-G405tf communication unit is installed inside the panel of human-machine interaction, which is connected to the serial port of the panel after voltage conversion through MP1652 level converter; the receiving end of WH-G405tf communication unit is installed in the remote monitoring PC, which can realize remote data display through serial port communication after receiving data coming from the site. After receiving the data from the site, it realizes remote data display through serial communication.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3.3 Network Transmission Solutions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo enable the system to complete the monitoring point data acquisition, processing and transmission, it needs to be designed to form a complete network transmission program. Field monitoring adopts a two-way signal transmission mode, when the data need to be uploaded, the signal from the MCU unit through the DIN pin into the transmitting end of the Lora communication unit to wait for the data to be transmitted. When the receiving end of Lora communication unit receives the data, it will be output to the panel via DOUT pin. When the panel needs to give commands, the commands will enter the transmitting end of the Lora communication unit through the DIN pin, and when the receiving end of the Lora communication unit receives the signals, the signals will be outputted to the MCU unit through the DOUT pin to complete the bi-directional transmission of the field integration data.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemote monitoring by the human-computer interaction tablet receives the data, through the UART serial communication signal transmission to the 4G communication unit and transmitted to the 4G base station, the signal through the mobile communication network transmission, and ultimately through the 4G communication unit will be accessed to the data, including the State Grid enterprises, energy companies and government departments and other remote user platforms, to achieve the construction of off-site monitoring of the site data. The construction site and remote network transmission scheme is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Systems Software Design","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe system monitoring software interface is designed and developed in the Visual Basic language, and the program interface is a visualized operation interface.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.1. Field Data Transmission and Early Warning Program Design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe design of on-site data transmission program is the key to realize the system data transmission, and the design of the early warning program directly determines the effect of the system on the construction safety monitoring of the group tower. For the characteristics of the system with many monitoring points and wide distribution range, the field data transmission and early warning program adopts the polling mode [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e], i.e., individually asking each monitoring point at different addresses of the system, and only after a moni-toring point answers, the next monitoring point will start to be asked, and this method is used to repeatedly carry out the cycle rounds, realizing the orderly utilization of each channel through time and space.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the process of data transmission, first of all, the monitoring terminal starts to fetch the target address code and judge it, if the address code does not match, it will interrupt the program and return to the start state; if the target address code matches with the local address code, it will send the address data (give the data acquisition instruction) and wait for the data to be transmitted back, if it fails to send, it will re-send the instruction until it succeeds. After the address data sending is completed, the monitoring terminal waits for the data return reception, if the number of unsuccessful data reception exceeds 3 times, it will be judged as communication failure, and then immediately start to fetch the next target address code; if the data return reception is successful, the monitoring terminal analyzes and calculates the received data, and clears the number of unsuccessful data reception. After the monitoring terminal receives the field data, it displays the monitoring values on the plate after analyzing and processing, and at the same time judges whether the monitoring data is within the safety range, and for the data larger than the warning value and alarm value, the system will use different sounds to carry out the danger warning and the danger alarm, and record the data that reaches the base value of the record. After completing the data retrieval and warning process of a certain unit, the upper computer immediately starts to retrieve data from the next address unit, i.e., to make inquiries at the next address. The system field data transmission and warning program design is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig10\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2. Remote Data Transfer Programming\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe remote data transfer program plays a vital role in determining the functionality and efficiency of the system\u0026rsquo;s remote monitoring features. As such, designing an efficient and reliable remote data transfer program is of utmost importance. The system incorporates the WH-G405tf 4G DTU (Data Transfer Unit) chip, which functions effectively once its working mode is properly configured. There are three working modes: Network Transmission Mode, HTTPD Client Mode and UDC Working Mode. HTTPD Client Mode and UDC Working Mode are mainly used in serial servers, which can not be applied to this system according to the HTTP protocol format and the UDC protocol format in the data interaction with the web server. Therefore, the system remote transmission adopts the network transmission mode without protocol encapsulation, and sends to the web server directly through the serial port of the module without any processing and modification.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the network transmission process, the HCI tablet utilizes the G405tf communication module at the sending end to transmit data packets to the receiving end of another remote G405tf communication module. This enables data interconnection via the public 4G communication network, supported by a transmission cloud platform. The data is then forwarded in real time to a remote PC, completing the entire process of remote data transmission. Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig11\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e provides a visual representation of this remote data transmission approach.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Application of Intelligent Monitoring System for Tension Wire Construction","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.1. Validation of The Accuracy of System Monitoring Data\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the data monitoring accuracy testing experiment of the tension machine, we compared the tension size and unwinding speed of the tension machine experimentally. The tension size of the tension machine in the actual project is around 50kN, so the experimental value was set near 50kN. By comparing the actual measured values and the set values of the three sets of tension sizes, the error of the tension monitoring of the tension machine is obtained to be around 1.7%. The release speed of the tension machine in the project is around 3km/h-4km/h, the maximum is not more than 5km/h, so the experimental value is set near 4km/h. By comparing the actual measured values and set values of the three sets of tension machine unwinding speeds, the error of the unwinding speed is obtained to be around 1%. The detailed monitoring data are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTension Machine Monitoring Data Form\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonitoring data\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSet point\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonitoring values\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInaccuracies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTension 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45kN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.1kN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTension 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50kN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.8kN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTension 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55kN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.1kN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnwind speed 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3km/h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.97km/h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnwind speed 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4km/h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.05km/h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.25%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnwind speed 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5km/h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.96km/h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the data monitoring accuracy testing experiment of the traction machine, we experimentally compare the traction force size and traction speed of the traction machine. The traction force size of the traction machine in the actual project is around 80kN, so the experimental value is set near 80kN. By comparing the actual measured values and the set values of the three sets of traction force magnitude, the error of traction force monitoring of the traction machine is obtained to be around 1.7%. The traction speed of the traction machine in the project is around 3km/h-4km/h, with the maximum not exceeding 5km/h, so the experi-mental value is set near 4km/h. By comparing the actual measured values and set values of traction speed of three groups of traction machines, the error of traction speed is obtained to be around 1.4%. The detailed monitoring data are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTraction Machine Monitoring Data Form\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonitoring data\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSet point\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonitoring values\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInaccuracies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraction 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75kN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.8kN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraction 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80kN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.4kN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraction 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85kN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.4kN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnwind speed 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3km/h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.04km/h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnwind speed 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4km/h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.07km/h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.75%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnwind speed 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5km/h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.94km/h\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe tested the accuracy of monitoring the force and tilt angle of the four subconductors of the traction walking plate in the laboratory. The errors of monitoring the force on the four subconductors of the traction walking plate were 1.12%, 1.26%, 1.04%, and 1.17%, respectively, and the error of monitoring the tilt angle of the traction walking plate was 1.10%. The detailed monitoring data are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTraction walking plate Monitoring Data Form\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonitoring data\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSet point\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonitoring values\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInaccuracies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eForce on sub-conductor No. 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10000N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10112N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eForce on sub-conductor No. 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10000N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9874N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.26%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eForce on sub-conductor No. 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10000N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10104N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.04%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eForce on sub-conductor No. 4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10000N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9883N\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.17%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003einclination angle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.2. On-site Engineering Applications\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe developed tension overhead line construction intelligent monitoring system was applied to the 220kV transmission line project on November 21, 2023, and the site layout is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig12\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"6. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(1) In this paper, for the unsafe factors existing in the process of tension wire construction, a set of intelligent monitoring system for tension wire construction based on electric power Internet of Things is developed, which realizes all-around intelligent perception and danger warning of the wire construction, and improves the safety of the wire construction project.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(2) The system is applied in Jilin Jiutai 220kV transmission line project, and the results show that the system is effective in monitoring the tension wire construction, and the average error of the data at the key monitoring points is about 1.28%, and the monitoring data is accurate. The result verifies that all aspects of the system performance can meet the project requirements.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eSoftware, L.W. (Liu-Huo Wang); Investigation, Q.X. (Qi Xiao); Resources, F.W. (Feng Wang); Writing\u0026mdash;original draft, X L. (Xiao-Bin Li); Writing\u0026mdash;original draft, H.G. (Hua-Shen Guan); Writing\u0026mdash;review \u0026amp; editing, B.L. (Bao-Jun Liu). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e This work was supported in part by China Southern Power Grid Corporation Science and Technology, Grant/Award Number: No. GDKJXM20222434.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability Statement:\u003c/strong\u003e Data are contained within the article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of Interest:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e We confirm that we have read the journal policies and we are submitting our manuscript in accordance with journal policies. All the authors gave their consent for publication of the results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Publish declaration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Participate declaration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding declaration\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThis work was supported in part by China Southern Power Grid Corporation Science and Technology, Grant/Award Number: No. GDKJXM20222434.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHAN Xiancai, SUN Xin, CHEN Haibo, QIU Ning, LYU Duo, WANG Ninghua, WANG Xiaoning and ZHANG Jialei, \u0026ldquo;The Overview of Development of UHV AC Transmission Technology in China,\u0026rdquo; Proceedings of the CSEE, vol. 440, no. 14, pp. 4371\u0026ndash;4386\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;4719, 2020, DOI:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.182251\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.182251\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWAN Jiancheng, SUN Tao, LIU Yujie, LI Junhui, LIU Zhen, NIU Haijun, LI Zhenyu, \u0026ldquo;Study on 1 000 mm2 Large Cross-section Conductor Pay-off Construction Technique,\u0026rdquo; Proceedings of the CSEE, vol. 30, no. S1, pp. 237\u0026ndash;244, 2010, DOI: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2010.s1.040\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2010.s1.040\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSUI Yu, NING Pingfan, NIU Pingjuan, WANG Chenyu, ZHAO Di, ZHANG Weilong, HAN Shuzhen, LIANG Lijun, XUE Gaojian, CUI Yanjun, \u0026ldquo;Review on Mounted UAV for Transmission Line Inspection,\u0026rdquo; Power System Technology, vol. 45, no. 09, pp. 3636\u0026ndash;3648, 2021, DOI: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2020.1178\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2020.1178\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSUO Yu, \u0026ldquo;Wireless Video Surveillance in Transmission and Substation Construction,\u0026rdquo; Electric Power Construction, no. 02, pp. 41\u0026ndash;43, 2008.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eQIU Churan, \u0026ldquo;Research on remote control system of tension machine in stringing construction,\u0026rdquo; Lanzhou University of Technology, 2013.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSUN Lizhou, \u0026ldquo;Research on the remote intelligent monitoring system of the tension stringing equipment in stringing construction,\u0026rdquo; Lanzhou University of Technology, 2011.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYansong Pang, \u0026ldquo;A Review of Integrated Control Technology of Tension Stringing Equipment in Transmission Line Erection,\u0026rdquo; Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, vol. 25, pp. 19\u0026ndash;27, 2023, DOI: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.9734/JERR/2023/V25I9977\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.9734/JERR/2023/V25I9977\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eQIN Jian, LIU Chen, QI Zhiqiang, QIAO Liang, \u0026ldquo;Calculation Method and Engineering Test for Continuous Process of Tension Stringing Based on Catenary Method,\u0026rdquo; Southern Power System Technology, vol. 15, no. 06, pp. 36\u0026ndash;42, 2021, DOI: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13648/j.cnki.issn1674-0629.2021.06.006\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13648/j.cnki.issn1674-0629.2021.06.006\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026ldquo;National Energy Administration. December 2020 Accident Notification and Annual Accident Analysis Report,\u0026rdquo; National Energy Administration, 2021-03\u0026ndash;25.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJIANG Xiuchen, LIU Yadong, FU Xiaofei, XU Peng, WANG Shaoqing, SHENG Gehao, \u0026ldquo;Construction Ideas and Development Trends of Transmission and Distribution Equipment of the Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things,\u0026rdquo; High Voltage Engineering, vol. 45,no. 05, pp. 1345\u0026ndash;1351, 2019, DOI: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190505001\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190505001\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eL\u0026Uuml; Jun, SHENG Wanxing, LIU Riliang, WANG Peng, L\u0026Uuml; Guangxian, LIN Jiaying, ZHANG Zhiming, \u0026ldquo;Design and Application of Power Distribution Internet of Things,\u0026rdquo; High Voltage Engineering, vol. 45, no. 06, pp. 1683\u0026ndash;1688, 2019, DOI: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190604001\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190604001\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSU Sheng, WANG Gan, LIU Liang, CHEN Qingqing, WANG Kun, \u0026ldquo;Review on Security of Power Internet of Things Terminals,\u0026rdquo; High Voltage Engineering, vol. 48, no. 02, pp. 513\u0026ndash;525, 2022, DOI: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20210150\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20210150\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJIANG Xiuchen, LUO Lingen, YU Zhongmin, FU Xiaofei, SHENG Gehao, LIU Yadong, QIAN Yong, \u0026ldquo;Technologies and Solutions of Blockchain Application in Power Equipment Ubiquitous Internet of Things,\u0026rdquo; High Voltage Engineering, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 3393\u0026ndash;3400, 2019, DOI: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20191031046\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20191031046\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWU Shanshan, NING Xin, GUO Shen, GUO Huan, \u0026ldquo;Discussion on Application of Distribution Internet of Things in New Industry Form,\u0026rdquo; High Voltage Engineering, vol. 45, no. 06, pp. 1723\u0026ndash;1728, 2019, DOI: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190604006\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20190604006\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHUANG Yunxing, WEI Yangzhi, ZHONG Wancai, \u0026ldquo;Design of tension measurement device for power cable based on resistance-type weighing sensor,\u0026rdquo; Industrial Instrumentation \u0026amp; Automation, no. 03, pp. 64\u0026ndash;67\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;73, 2016.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYUAN Weizheng, CHANG Honglong, XIE Jianbing, \u0026ldquo;Advances in MEMS Integrated Design and Manufacturing Technology,\u0026rdquo; Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 59, no. 03, pp. 176\u0026ndash;186, 2023.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDichev. D, Zhelezarov. I, Madzharov. N. \u0026ldquo;SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE ATTITUDE OF MOVING OBJECTS, USING A KALMAN FILTER AND MEMS SENSORS,\u0026rdquo; COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE BULGARE DES SCIENCES, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. 1527\u0026ndash;1536, 2019, DOI:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.182251\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.182251\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKarimzadehkhouei M, Ali B, Ghourichaei J M, et al. \u0026ldquo;Silicon Nanowires Driving Miniaturization of Microelectromechanical Systems Physical Sensors: A Review,\u0026rdquo; Advanced Engineering Materials, 2023.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGAO Binbin, GU Xingsheng, \u0026ldquo;Pressure Transmitter Research Status and Development Trend,\u0026rdquo; Process Automation Instrumentation, vol. 45, no. 01, pp. 1\u0026ndash;7, 2024, DOI: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.16086/j.cnki.issn1000-0380.2023100100\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.16086/j.cnki.issn1000-0380.2023100100\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang Hualong, Zheng Zhengguo, Zhu Huiwen, Zhao Huijuan, \u0026ldquo;Design and Simulation of Control System of Suction Crane Based on Profinet Bus,\u0026rdquo; Mechanical \u0026amp; Electrical Engineering Technology, vol. 52, no. 07, pp. 115\u0026ndash;119, 2023.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShi Lan, Ju Shuirong, Ding ༲uixue, Zhu Zhangming, \u0026ldquo;A Successive Approximation ༲egister Analog-to-Digital Converter,\u0026rdquo; Semiconductor Technology, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 916\u0026ndash;923, 2020, DOI:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13290/j.cnki.bdtjs.2020.12.002\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13290/j.cnki.bdtjs.2020.12.002\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLIU Yongteng, TAN Cao, LI Bo, GE Wenqing, \u0026ldquo;Design of Controller for Solenoid Valve Group Based on STC-MCU,\u0026rdquo; Machine Tool \u0026amp; Hydraulics, vol. 49, no. 02, pp. 70\u0026ndash;73, 2021.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZHENG Chutao, KONG Xiangxuan, LI Bin, PAN Jingzhi, YE Bei, MA Hengrui, \u0026ldquo;Development of A New Synchronous Measurement Unit for Distribution Network,\u0026rdquo; Smart Power, vol. 48, no. 02, pp. 65\u0026ndash;70\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;77, 2020.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLi Yichi, Zhou Qian, \u0026ldquo;Research on precise load control system based on wireless communication,\u0026rdquo; China Plant Engineering, no. 22, pp. 18\u0026ndash;20, 2023.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGB/T 35697\u0026thinsp;\u0026ndash;\u0026thinsp;2017 General technical specification for on-line monitoring device on overhead transmission lines. Beijing, China: China Standard Press, 2017.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCAO Xiangang, DUAN Xinyu, ZHANG Mengyuan, LEI Zhuo, LI Yanchuan, \u0026ldquo;Coal mine equipment condition monitoring system design,\u0026rdquo; vol. 47, no. 05, pp. 101\u0026ndash;105, 2021, DOI: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2020120065\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2020120065\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-applied-sciences","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Applied Sciences](https://link.springer.com/journal/42452)","snPcode":"42452","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/42452/3","title":"Discover Applied Sciences","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Tension wire construction, Sensors, Intelligent monitoring system, Lora communication, Polling pattern","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6191635/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6191635/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCurrently, most of the monitoring of the construction process of tension wire construction relies on the experience of the construction personnel, and there are great construction hazards. For this reason, combined with the current physical networking technology, the development of a set of traction machine and tension machine release and tension size, traction walking plate force, and attitude of the danger of all-round monitoring. In addition, there is an intelligent monitoring system for tension wire construction with real-time information transmission and warning. After analyzing the construction process and construction procedures of tension wire construction, it is determined that all-round safety monitoring of tension wire construction is carried out from the aspects of traction speed of traction machine, traction force of traction machine, release speed of tension machine, tension of tension machine, force of traction walking plate, and tilting angle of traction walking plate, etc., and then it builds up the overall structure of the system's monitoring points. Aiming at the characteristics of field construction of tension wire, a real-time data collection and processing model is designed, and Lora communication technology and 4G communication technology are selected to interconnect the self-constructed local area network and 4G wide area network, so as to complete the on-site interaction and long-distance transmission of data. In view of the characteristics of the system with many types of monitoring volume and wide distribution, the on-site data transmission and early warning program adopts a polling mode to realize the orderly utilization of each channel through time division. The system has been verified by 220kV transmission line project, the data transmission is stable, the average error of key monitoring point data is 1.28%, the monitoring data is accurate, and the application is good\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Development of Intelligent Monitoring System for Tension Overhead Line Construction Based on Multi-Parameter Sensing","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-03-28 11:40:34","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6191635/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-05-29T16:16:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-21T09:22:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"2454060899455611770709989593438496676","date":"2025-05-14T08:07:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-11T09:36:43+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"265711487751709918523806800855094359018","date":"2025-04-06T12:10:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"162410229091682243501525245586885129877","date":"2025-04-03T14:23:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-19T15:13:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-03-15T14:10:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-03-15T14:10:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Applied Sciences","date":"2025-03-10T04:05:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-applied-sciences","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Applied Sciences](https://link.springer.com/journal/42452)","snPcode":"42452","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/42452/3","title":"Discover Applied Sciences","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ee3cf2f7-d5e2-43bf-bf4e-cefbeb9157c6","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-14T11:23:54+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-03-28 11:40:34","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6191635","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6191635","identity":"rs-6191635","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}