Ремоделювання артерій нижніх кінцівок щурів дорепродуктивного та репродуктивного віку за умов гіперурикемії

The morphological restructure of the arteries is considered as a structural component of the body response to the action of the endogenous and exogenous pathogenic factors. The analysis of the literature shows that in recent years a number of articles concerning the hyperuricemia have been published. The hyperuricemia is the risk factor of the subclinical atherosclerosis, especially in young people. The contradictory of the literature data concerning the peculiarities of the vascular remodeling in violation of the purine metabolism is caused by the discussion of its role in the development of the reparative processes in the vascular wall. The objective of our study is to determine the peculiarities of remodeling of lower limb arteries of rats of the prereproductive and reproductive age under the conditions of hyperuricemia. The study was conducted on 32 white rats. The experimental group included 16 animals with hyperuricemia. They were divided into 2 groups: the first group was 8 rats at 4 months with weights ranging from 150 170 g., and the second one 8 rats at 12 months with weights ranging from 230 250 g. The control group consisted of rats at 4 and 12 months and also included 16 animals. The level of uric acid in rats of the prereproductive age with the hyperuricemia diet was (256,09 ± 2,39) mmol / L vs (116,83 ± 1,77) mmol / l in the control group of animals, and in the rats of the reproductive age was (268,67 ± 4,09) mmol / L vs (125,13 ± 2,37) mmol / L. The experiment lasted 45 days. The key histological changes in lower limb arteries of rats of the prereproductive age under the conditions of hyperuricemia are the thickness of the intima, the media hypertrophy, the perivascular edema and the hypertrophy of the adventitia collagen fibers. This type of remodeling is observed mainly in the arteries of the femoral and popliteal segment. The processes of the concentric and neoplastic remodeling dominate in these arteries. They are manifested by the cytoplasm swelling of the endothelial cells with the desquamation, the thickening of the intima, the hypertrophy of the media leiomyocytes. The manifestations of the artery hyperelastose of the femoral and popliteal segment are more pronounced in the rats of the reproductive age than in the animals of the prereproductive age. The elastic fibers become thickened and acquire the ability to fragmentation and easing. Besides the presence of lymphocytic infiltration, the increase of the collagen fiber proportion in the media and adventitia, the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans have been noted. Most of these manifestations of the remodeling are observed in places of the branching or discharging of the additional arterial branches. The lumina of the veins in the rats of the prereproductive age have elongated, irregularly extended configurations. The endothelial laminar lining is without the desquamation. The boundary between the media and adventitia isn’t clear due to the proliferation of the extracellular matrix between smooth muscle cells. The fibrosis of all layers of the vessel wall is observed in the animals of the reproductive age. Leiomyocytes are hypertrophied, the media has uneven thickness, the proportion of the stromal elements increases. Metachromasia is absent, staining by alcian and toluidine blue and PAS reaction is manifested slightly to the smooth muscle cells. Thus, the rats of the prereproductive age with increased content of uric acid in the blood are characterized by the hypertrophic type of the vascular remodeling, the animals of the reproductive age by the inflammatory and sclerotic types of vascular remodeling.