From Screen to Field: The Impact of Digital Sports Participation on Leisure Time Satisfaction

From Screen to Field: The Impact of Digital Sports Participation on Leisure Time Satisfaction | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article From Screen to Field: The Impact of Digital Sports Participation on Leisure Time Satisfaction Nurgül OZDEMİR, Neşe AKPINAR KOCAKULAK This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7913596/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 21 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation → Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the levels of leisure time satisfaction among individuals who engage in digital sports. Digital sports, which have emerged with the integration of digital technologies into the field of sports, offer individuals the opportunity to play games, train, and analyse their performance. The study was conducted using a descriptive survey model, and the sample consisted of 381 digital sports participants. Data were collected using the Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS) developed by Beard and Ragheb ( 1980 ) and adapted into Turkish by Gökçe and Orhan ( 2011 ). SPSS 26.0 software was used for analyses. Normality tests revealed that the data were not normally distributed, and non-parametric tests were applied. The findings showed that male participants experienced higher satisfaction in the relaxation sub-dimension than females, and those who earned income from digital sports had higher levels of physical and aesthetic satisfaction. Furthermore, it was found that those who did not participate in competitions had higher levels of psychological satisfaction, and individuals who devoted a moderate amount of time to digital sports had the highest psychological satisfaction. It was determined that those who exercised 3–5 days a week experienced higher satisfaction in the aesthetic, physical, relaxation, and social sub-dimensions. In conclusion, it was found that digital sports contribute to individuals' leisure time satisfaction in multiple ways, but this effect varies according to participation frequency, duration, and motivation level. Digital sports leisure time satisfaction technology INTRODUCTION Digital technology, whose impact on our lives is increasing daily, is also a key driver of the globalizing sports industry, becoming increasingly complex. Digital games, which have become a key player in the global economy with their rapid growth in recent years, are not only a personal entertainment tool but also widely used in sectors such as healthcare, education, and defense (Newzoo, 2020; Gül et al., 2024 ; Granic, Lobel, & Engels, 2014 ; Statista, 2023). This creates a wide range of opportunities, from bringing together individuals with similar sports habits to participate in sports on digital platforms, to shaping the decision-making mechanisms of professional athletes and monitoring their physiological data in real time. Molina et al. (2018) defined digital sports as a sporting activity played on computers and game consoles using an internet network, requiring no other physical resources, and without discrimination among players (language, religion, race, etc.). Argan et al. ( 2006 ) defined digital sports as a type of sport played using digital games that requires physical and mental effort and competition. In another definition, Menteş ( 2021 ) defined digital sports as a sporting activity with specialized equipment that requires physical and mental skills. Taylor ( 2012 ) defined digital sports as a competitive sporting activity that requires specialization in a specific field. Liu, Li, and Santhanam ( 2013 ) defined digital sports as a sporting activity in which the skill levels of competing players determine the continuity of the game and the enjoyment derived from it. Jenny et al. ( 2017 ) emphasized that not every digital game is a digital sport, highlighting the rule structure, operational order, organizational standards, and competitive details of digital sports as distinctive elements. Digital sports refers to the integration of technology into sports. This use offers sports participants the opportunity to watch, play, train, and analyze all of these processes in a digital environment. These opportunities can be defined in many ways: • FIFA, which offers competitive tournaments played with computer and console games; e-sports such as Counter-Strike and Dota-2; • Virtual and augmented reality sports activities using technologies such as VR and AR; • Digital sports technologies using wearable technologies such as smartwatches and artificial intelligence-enabled programs such as Fitbit and Peloton; • Data analytics and sensor-based tracking systems designed to improve coach and athlete performance, such as Hawk-Eye in tennis and the VAR system in football; • Interactive match experience applications such as a virtual reality match viewing experience. Digital sports offer personalized experiences, enable big data-based performance analysis, offer accessibility opportunities, generate revenue potential, foster an interactive atmosphere between fans and players, facilitate participation independent of club or team, facilitate global participation, allow for participation from the comfort of home, and can be played at any time of day. These features have the potential to both integrate traditional sports with technology and foster the development of new sports. In today's increasingly tiring and complex world, digital sports offer a unique opportunity for individuals to escape the tiring pace and escape alienation from themselves, their work, and their surroundings. While this alternative can enhance an individual's leisure time satisfaction, excessive use can have the opposite effect, leading to addiction and deterioration of mental health. METHOD Research Model The study was conducted using a descriptive survey model to describe participants' leisure satisfaction. Sample A random sampling method was used to determine the study sample. In this type of sampling, the researcher selects a portion of the population based on the determined sample size. The research population consisted of individuals who engage in digital sports. The research sample consisted of 381 individuals selected through convenience sampling from the research population. Data Collection Tools The Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale/SZD, developed by Beard and Ragheb ( 1980 ) and adapted into Turkish by Gökçe and Orhan ( 2011 ), was used to collect data. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients for the overall scale and its subscales, which have six subscales: psychological, educational, social, physiological, aesthetic, and relaxation, are .90, .77, .77, .76, .80, .79, and .79, respectively. A personal information form was also used to obtain information about the participants, including their gender, age, participation in digital game competitions, and whether they had earned any profit from digital games. Data Analysis SPSS 26.00 statistical package program was used to analyze the data. Normality tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and reliability analyses were conducted to verify the reliability of the data. The normality analysis revealed that the data did not exhibit a normal distribution. For this reason, non-parametric tests (Mann Whitney-U test in paired groups to examine the differences between groups, and covariance analysis in groups of more than two) were used in the analysis of research data. FINDINGS The participants' leisure time satisfaction levels were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney-U test based on gender. The analysis results are presented in Table 1 . Table 1 Mann-Whitney-U test results for leisure time satisfaction levels based on gender Scale Sub-Dimension Gender N Rank Average Rank Total U P Psychological Female 193 188,68 36414 17693 .67 Male 188 193,39 36356 Educational Female 193 187,43 36174 17453 .51 Male 188 194,66 36596 Social Female 193 187,55 35635 17490 .72 Male 188 191,47 35996 Relaxation Female 193 178,56 34463 15742 .02 Male 188 203,77 38308 Physical Female 193 187,21 36131 17410 .49 Male 188 194,89 36639 Aesthetic Female 193 184,07 35526 16805 .20 Male 188 198,11 37245 Total Female 193 181,41 344467 16322 .14 Male 188 197,68 37164 P < .05 Table 1 shows that the leisure time satisfaction levels of digital sports participants differed according to the gender variable in the relaxation subscale (p < .05). This difference was observed to be in favor of male participants, meaning that the average leisure time satisfaction levels of male participants who engaged in digital sports were higher than those of female participants. The participants' leisure time satisfaction levels in the study were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney-U test based on the variable of earning income from digital sports. The analysis results are presented in Table 2 . Table 2 Mann-Whitney-U test Results for Leisure Time Satisfaction Level Based on the Variable of Earning Income from Digital Sports Scale Sub-Dimension Profitability Status N Rank Average Rank Total U P Psychological Yes 95 187.38 17801 13241 .70 No 286 192.20 54970 Educational Yes 95 191.09 18154 13576 .99 No 286 190.97 54617 Social Yes 95 187.07 18154 13212 .80 No 286 190.31 54617 Relaxation Yes 95 198.46 18854 12876 .44 No 286 188.52 53917 Physical Yes 95 223.79 21260 10470 .00 No 286 180.11 51511 Aesthetic Yes 95 209.64 19915 11814 .05 No 286 184.81 52855 Total Yes 95 200.42 19040 12405 .26 No 286 185.83 52591 P < 0.05 Table 2 shows that the leisure time satisfaction levels of digital sports participants differed in the physical subscale of the scale based on the earnings variable (p < 0.05). The participants' leisure time satisfaction levels were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney-U test based on the competition participation variable. The analysis results are presented in Table 3 . Table 3 Mann-Whitney-U test results for leisure time satisfaction levels based on the competition participation variable Scale Sub-Dimension Competition Participation Status N Rank Average Rank Total U P Psychological Yes 77 156.38 1204 9038 .00 No 304 199.77 60730 Educational Yes 77 191.21 14723 11688 .98 No 304 190.95 58048 Social Yes 77 194.2 14370 10900 .67 No 304 188.36 57260 Relaxation Yes 77 198.05 15250 11161 .52 No 304 189.21 57521 Physical Yes 77 213.14 16411 9999.5 .04 No 304 185.39 56359 Aesthetic Yes 77 181.94 14009 11006 .41 No 304 193.30 58762 Total Yes 77 190.60 14104 11166.5 .92 No 304 189.23 57526 P < 0.05 Table 3 shows that the leisure time satisfaction levels of digital sports participants differed in the psychological satisfaction subscale of the scale based on the variable of participation in competitions. In the study, participants' leisure time satisfaction levels were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis Analysis of Variance based on the variable of time allocation for digital sports. The analysis results are presented in Table 4 . Table 4 Kruskal Wallis Analysis of Variance Results for Leisure Time Satisfaction Level Based on the Variable of Time Allocation for Digital Sports Scale Sub-Dimension Time Spent on Digital Sports N F P Psychological 0–2 hours 104 7.61 .02 3–6 hours 225 7 hours and above 49 Educational 0–2 hours 104 .89 .64 3–6 hours 225 7 hours and above 49 Social 0–2 hours 104 3.67 .15 3–6 hours 225 7 hours and above 49 Relaxation 0–2 hours 104 4.42 .10 3–6 hours 225 7 hours and above 49 Physical 0–2 hours 104 1.45 .48 3–6 hours 225 7 hours and above 49 Aesthetic 0–2 hours 104 .46 .79 3–6 hours 225 7 hours and above 49 Total 0–2 hours 104 .56 .75 3–6 hours 225 7 hours and above 49 P < 0.05 Table 4 shows that the leisure time satisfaction levels of digital sports participants differed in the psychological satisfaction subscale of the scale based on the variable of the level of time they devoted to digital sports. In the study, participants' leisure time satisfaction levels were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis Analysis of Variance based on the variable of weekly exercise participation, and the analysis results are presented in Table 5 . Table 5 Kruskal Wallis Analysis of Variance Results for Leisure Time Satisfaction Level Based on the Variable of Weekly Exercise Participation Scale Sub-Dimension Weekly Exercise Level N F P Psychological I don't exercise 87 7.23 .06 2 days or less 79 3–5 days 191 6 days or more 21 Educational I don't exercise 87 .12 .98 2 days or less 79 3–5 days 191 6 days or more 21 Social I don't exercise 87 8.16 .04 2 days or less 79 3–5 days 191 6 days or more 21 Relaxation I don't exercise 87 7.94 .04 2 days or less 79 3–5 days 191 6 days or more 21 Physical I don't exercise 87 9.91 .01 2 days or fewer 79 3–5 days 191 6 days or more 21 Aesthetic I do not exercise 87 7.47 .05 2 days or fewer 79 3–5 days 191 6 days or more 21 Total I do not exercise 87 7.04 .07 2 days or fewer 79 3–5 days 191 6 days or more 21 P < 0.05 Table 5 shows that the leisure satisfaction levels of digital sports participants differed in the social, relaxation, physical, and aesthetic satisfaction subscales of the scale based on the weekly exercise level variable. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The study observed that male participants' leisure satisfaction levels from digital sports were higher than female participants in the relaxation subscale of the scale. This difference may be related to men's tendency to be more free and independent than women in their leisure time. Considering that women tend to utilize leisure activities more limitedly due to reasons such as housework, caregiving responsibilities, and gendered societal expectations, leisure activities may be less relaxing than men's. Furthermore, because digital sports are more prevalent among men, men may prefer active and technology-enhanced activities such as games, while women prefer more social and passive activities. Therefore, men may experience greater leisure satisfaction from digital sports. Some studies have shown that women continue to think about stress-inducing factors even in their free time and may experience some difficulties in mentally relaxing (Bayık, et al., 2006; Karaçam, et al., 2021 ; Bal, et al., 2019). The study examined participants' leisure satisfaction levels based on the money-making variable. The analysis results found a significant difference in the physical and aesthetic relaxation subscales of the scale in favor of those who earned money. This difference can be attributed to the fact that those who earned money from digital sports engage in more regular, disciplined, and professional training, resulting in better physical parameters such as conditioning, strength, speed, and endurance. Additionally, they may have invested more in their physical development because they viewed this work as a profession or a performance tool. Indeed, Zhang et al. ( 2023 ) found findings supporting this conclusion in their study. It is believed that the difference in the aesthetics sub-dimension stems from the greater importance placed on elements such as body appearance, movement aesthetics, and performance presentation by those who earn money from digital sports. Indeed, Nam et al. ( 2024 ) and Kim et al. ( 2022 ) also produced similar findings in their studies. In the study, participants' leisure satisfaction levels were examined based on the variable of participation in competitions, and according to the analysis results, a significant difference was found in the psychological sub-dimension of the scale in favor of those who did not participate in competitions. Contrary to expectations, this result is thought to be related to the competition anxiety and psychological pressure experienced by those who participated in competitions. In addition to competitive stress, performance expectation and fear of failure are also thought to contribute to this outcome. Indeed, the results of some studies support this finding (Jones & Hanton, 2000; Runacres & Marshall, 2024 ; Yang et al., 2024 ; Bayram et al., 2025 ; Domínguez-González et al., 2025; Nathanael et al., 2021; Martens et al., 1990 ). It could be argued that participants in competitions may have negatively impacted their perception of self-efficacy due to comparing their performances with professional athletes, which may have led to lower scores on the psychological relaxation subscale of the scale. Furthermore, it could be argued that those who did not participate in competitions may have higher levels of psychological satisfaction due to their approach to sports focused more on relaxation, fun, socialization, and enjoyment. Therefore, it can be argued that sporting activities conducted without competitive pressure can lead to a greater sense of psychological well-being. Indeed, Deci & Ryan's (2000) study found results that support this finding. Another reason for this result is that individuals participating in competitions have higher expectations of their coaches, teammates, and spectators, which may have increased the psychological pressure they feel. Furthermore, the fact that non-competitors describe sports as an experience where they feel more autonomous and comfortable may also contribute to their greater feelings of psychological relief. In the study, participants' leisure time satisfaction levels were examined based on the time spent on digital sports variable. According to the analysis results, a significant difference was found in the psychological subscale of the scale in favor of participants who devoted a moderate amount of time to digital sports. This result suggests that while long-term participation in digital games and esports activities can have a supportive effect on mental skills such as an individual's attention level, stress tolerance, and problem-solving competence, it can also have different effects on qualities such as psychological well-being and satisfaction. The findings observed in short-term participation can be considered an indication that this positive effect is not being fully utilized. Therefore, since digital sports are considered a leisure activity, it can be argued that the impact on the psychological dimension is limited. The findings of Lozano & Fernandez (2003) also suggest similar results. Furthermore, it can be argued that individuals who limit their participation in digital sports to a moderate level (3–6 hours) may experience increased psychological flexibility, success, and consequently, self-confidence. However, exceeding this timeframe may lead to effects such as addiction, digital fatigue, low motivation, and social isolation. Indeed, this two-way effect is thought to be an expression of the significant difference observed in the psychological subscale. The findings of some other studies have also yielded similar results (Kim & Lee, 2004; Kovert & Quandt, 2023; Çetin & Kara, 2022 ). Despite the increased time devoted to digital sports, the lack of a difference observed in the educational, social, physical, aesthetic, and relaxation subscales of the scale can be explained by various reasons. For example, while digital sports offer opportunities to develop cognitive skills, individuals often focus on the entertainment aspect of these activities rather than their instructional nature. This difference is believed to be due to the fact that, unlike traditional physical activity, digital sports do not allow for direct social interaction and do not require physical or artistic performance. Indeed, the findings of the studies by Tüzün & Altınışık ( 2022 ), Smith et al. ( 2024 ), and Wang & Zhang ( 2023 ) also yield similar results. The study examined the leisure time satisfaction levels of digital sports participants based on the weekly exercise level variable. According to the analysis results, a significant difference was found in the aesthetic, physical, relaxation, and social subscales of the scale in favor of participants who exercised 3–5 days per week. These findings indicate that the frequency of individual participation in sports has a decisive effect on the social, physical, aesthetic, and relaxation sub-dimensions. However, it has been observed that this multifaceted effect decreases with insufficient or excessive participation. This can be explained by the fact that sports create a significant difference in an individual's perceived level of social support and socialization due to their qualities such as belonging, social interaction, and sharing. The findings of the studies by González-Hernandez et al. (2023) and Ünlü & Arslan ( 2022 ) also support this result. The difference observed in the relaxation sub-dimension can be explained by the effect of sports on qualities such as coping with stress, relaxation, and emotional balance (Kim & Lee, 2023 ; Arslan & Özdemir, 2022 ). The difference observed in the physical dimension is thought to be related to the increase that exercise creates in the individual's perception of physical awareness, condition, strength, and physical adequacy. Wang & Zhang, 2023 ; Çetin & Kara, 2022 ). The difference observed in the aesthetic dimension is thought to be related to the difference that exercise creates in the individual's qualities such as body appearance, movement aesthetics and performance presentation (Kim et al., 2022 ). As a result, a relationship appears to exist between digital sports and leisure satisfaction. However, it can be said that the direction and level of this relationship is shaped by an individual's lifestyle preferences (preferred game type, duration of play, sharing with social circles, etc.). Indeed, when digital sports are a balanced part of an individual's life, they have a positive impact on psychological processes such as leisure satisfaction, motivation, and self-confidence. In other areas, this effect is more limited, and addiction can negatively impact both physical and social satisfaction. In this context, the following suggestions can be offered: *It would be appropriate to maintain a balance in the duration of participation in digital sports. The negative impact of excessive participation on cognitive and psychological processes (especially on children and youth) should be considered. It should also be remembered that the purpose of participation is another factor to consider. *It can be argued that enriching digital sports applications with multifaceted content, including interactive, educational, social skills, and hybrid applications that support physical activity, which will enhance educational, social, physical, and aesthetic dimensions, can highlight their positive qualities. Declarations Ethics Approval (Human Ethics and Participation Consent Statement) This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Izmir Democracy University (Protocol No: 2022/66 Approval Date: December 06/07/2022). The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration and within the framework of the ethical committee approval obtained, in a manner consistent with human ethics. All participants provided informed consent prior to the application of the scales. (This sentence replaces the original at ) Consent for publication Not Applicable. Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Clinical Trial Number As the study does not fall within the scope of clinical research, no separate ‘Clinical Research Number’ has been assigned. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Author Contribution Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nurgül Özdemir supervised the study and contributed to the conceptualization and methodology and manuscript preparation. Assoc.Prof.Neşe Kocakulak carried out data collection, analysis. 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Supplementary Files Ethics.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 21 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 02 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 30 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 24 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 30 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 30 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 29 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 29 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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OZDEMİR","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCAhCRAEI2PAwHgGwegloM4FrS4FokiNPCwHCYgaAWc4ncx695DBjk5NuTj254uOe8DN+NBMYHb9sY6swbsGuxnJFuZg3UYszY8yztRsKz2zySNxKYDee2MUjIHMDhpBtpbMZALYnNEjlmNxIO3OYxuJHAJs0L1ILLZXAtbRL534BazoG0sP8moIX5MUhLj0QOG1DLAbAtzHi1nHnGxjjHQMJYgucZyGHJPJJnHjZLzjknITkDl5bjacwf3lTYgELs2c0fB+zs+Y4nH/zwpsyGH0/EsEmgRQJjAwOBmGT+gE92FIyCUTAKRgEDAE7GVLW/tVG/AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Izmir Democracy University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nurgül","middleName":"","lastName":"OZDEMİR","suffix":""},{"id":538536822,"identity":"0752964e-76d4-4d6c-8923-26e314f6cd78","order_by":1,"name":"Neşe AKPINAR KOCAKULAK","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Izmir Democracy University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Neşe","middleName":"AKPINAR","lastName":"KOCAKULAK","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-10-21 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18:22:31","extension":"html","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":119655,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7913596/v1/2d1f37949cc5f15cce330ddd.html"},{"id":103252182,"identity":"5b638ea6-c8d6-4bf1-a214-0ce048a3bb1a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-23 16:13:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1209303,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7913596/v1/3909331a-3558-4716-bd08-2335a9657c44.pdf"},{"id":95675029,"identity":"d3e461e2-ef51-4b0c-8d80-62afafe7122d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-11 18:22:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":131885,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Ethics.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7913596/v1/5038fbe7a3cf8d5b9fbbc96b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eFrom Screen to Field: The Impact of Digital Sports Participation on Leisure Time Satisfaction\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eDigital technology, whose impact on our lives is increasing daily, is also a key driver of the globalizing sports industry, becoming increasingly complex. Digital games, which have become a key player in the global economy with their rapid growth in recent years, are not only a personal entertainment tool but also widely used in sectors such as healthcare, education, and defense (Newzoo, 2020; G\u0026uuml;l et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Granic, Lobel, \u0026amp; Engels, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Statista, 2023). This creates a wide range of opportunities, from bringing together individuals with similar sports habits to participate in sports on digital platforms, to shaping the decision-making mechanisms of professional athletes and monitoring their physiological data in real time. Molina et al. (2018) defined digital sports as a sporting activity played on computers and game consoles using an internet network, requiring no other physical resources, and without discrimination among players (language, religion, race, etc.). Argan et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e) defined digital sports as a type of sport played using digital games that requires physical and mental effort and competition. In another definition, Menteş (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) defined digital sports as a sporting activity with specialized equipment that requires physical and mental skills. Taylor (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e) defined digital sports as a competitive sporting activity that requires specialization in a specific field. Liu, Li, and Santhanam (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e) defined digital sports as a sporting activity in which the skill levels of competing players determine the continuity of the game and the enjoyment derived from it. Jenny et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) emphasized that not every digital game is a digital sport, highlighting the rule structure, operational order, organizational standards, and competitive details of digital sports as distinctive elements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDigital sports refers to the integration of technology into sports. This use offers sports participants the opportunity to watch, play, train, and analyze all of these processes in a digital environment. These opportunities can be defined in many ways:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; FIFA, which offers competitive tournaments played with computer and console games; e-sports such as Counter-Strike and Dota-2;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Virtual and augmented reality sports activities using technologies such as VR and AR;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Digital sports technologies using wearable technologies such as smartwatches and artificial intelligence-enabled programs such as Fitbit and Peloton;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Data analytics and sensor-based tracking systems designed to improve coach and athlete performance, such as Hawk-Eye in tennis and the VAR system in football;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Interactive match experience applications such as a virtual reality match viewing experience.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDigital sports offer personalized experiences, enable big data-based performance analysis, offer accessibility opportunities, generate revenue potential, foster an interactive atmosphere between fans and players, facilitate participation independent of club or team, facilitate global participation, allow for participation from the comfort of home, and can be played at any time of day. These features have the potential to both integrate traditional sports with technology and foster the development of new sports.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn today's increasingly tiring and complex world, digital sports offer a unique opportunity for individuals to escape the tiring pace and escape alienation from themselves, their work, and their surroundings. While this alternative can enhance an individual's leisure time satisfaction, excessive use can have the opposite effect, leading to addiction and deterioration of mental health.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHOD","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch Model\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted using a descriptive survey model to describe participants' leisure satisfaction.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSample\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA random sampling method was used to determine the study sample. In this type of sampling, the researcher selects a portion of the population based on the determined sample size. The research population consisted of individuals who engage in digital sports. The research sample consisted of 381 individuals selected through convenience sampling from the research population.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData Collection Tools\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Leisure Time Satisfaction Scale/SZD, developed by Beard and Ragheb (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1980\u003c/span\u003e) and adapted into Turkish by G\u0026ouml;k\u0026ccedil;e and Orhan (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e), was used to collect data. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients for the overall scale and its subscales, which have six subscales: psychological, educational, social, physiological, aesthetic, and relaxation, are .90, .77, .77, .76, .80, .79, and .79, respectively. A personal information form was also used to obtain information about the participants, including their gender, age, participation in digital game competitions, and whether they had earned any profit from digital games.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSPSS 26.00 statistical package program was used to analyze the data. Normality tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and reliability analyses were conducted to verify the reliability of the data. The normality analysis revealed that the data did not exhibit a normal distribution. For this reason, non-parametric tests (Mann Whitney-U test in paired groups to examine the differences between groups, and covariance analysis in groups of more than two) were used in the analysis of research data.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"FINDINGS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe participants' leisure time satisfaction levels were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney-U test based on gender. The analysis results are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMann-Whitney-U test results for leisure time satisfaction levels based on gender\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eScale Sub-Dimension\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRank Average\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRank Total\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePsychological\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e193\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e188,68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36414\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17693\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd 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align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e193\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e178,56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34463\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15742\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.02\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e203,77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38308\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhysical\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e193\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e187,21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36131\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17410\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e194,89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36639\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAesthetic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e193\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e184,07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35526\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16805\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e198,11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37245\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e193\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e181,41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e344467\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16322\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e197,68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37164\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e shows that the leisure time satisfaction levels of digital sports participants differed according to the gender variable in the relaxation subscale (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05). This difference was observed to be in favor of male participants, meaning that the average leisure time satisfaction levels of male participants who engaged in digital sports were higher than those of female participants.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe participants' leisure time satisfaction levels in the study were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney-U test based on the variable of earning income from digital sports. The analysis results are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMann-Whitney-U test Results for Leisure Time Satisfaction Level Based on the Variable of Earning Income from Digital Sports\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eScale Sub-Dimension\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProfitability Status\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRank Average\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRank Total\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePsychological\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e187.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17801\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13241\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e286\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e192.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54970\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e191.09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18154\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13576\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e286\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e190.97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54617\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e187.07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18154\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13212\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e286\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e190.31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54617\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelaxation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e198.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18854\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12876\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e286\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e188.52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53917\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhysical\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e223.79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21260\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10470\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e286\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e180.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51511\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAesthetic\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e209.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19915\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11814\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e286\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e184.81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52855\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e200.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19040\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12405\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e286\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e185.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52591\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eP \u003c 0.05\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e shows that the leisure time satisfaction levels of digital sports participants differed in the physical subscale of the scale based on the earnings variable (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe participants' leisure time satisfaction levels were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney-U test based on the competition participation variable. The analysis results are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMann-Whitney-U test results for leisure time satisfaction levels based on the competition participation variable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eScale Sub-Dimension\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCompetition Participation Status\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRank Average\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRank Total\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePsychological\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e156.38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1204\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9038\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e304\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e199.77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60730\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e191.21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14723\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11688\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e304\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e190.95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58048\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e194.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14370\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10900\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e304\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e188.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57260\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelaxation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e198.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15250\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11161\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e304\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e189.21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57521\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhysical\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e213.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16411\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9999.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e304\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e185.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56359\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAesthetic\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e181.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e304\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e193.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58762\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e190.60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11166.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e304\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e189.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57526\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eP \u003c 0.05\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e shows that the leisure time satisfaction levels of digital sports participants differed in the psychological satisfaction subscale of the scale based on the variable of participation in competitions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the study, participants' leisure time satisfaction levels were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis Analysis of Variance based on the variable of time allocation for digital sports. The analysis results are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKruskal Wallis Analysis of Variance Results for Leisure Time Satisfaction Level Based on the Variable of Time Allocation for Digital Sports\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eScale Sub-Dimension\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTime Spent on Digital Sports\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePsychological\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u0026ndash;2 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;6 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 hours and above\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u0026ndash;2 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;6 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 hours and above\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u0026ndash;2 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;6 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 hours and above\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelaxation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u0026ndash;2 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;6 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 hours and above\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhysical\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u0026ndash;2 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;6 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 hours and above\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAesthetic\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u0026ndash;2 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;6 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 hours and above\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u0026ndash;2 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;6 hours\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 hours and above\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e shows that the leisure time satisfaction levels of digital sports participants differed in the psychological satisfaction subscale of the scale based on the variable of the level of time they devoted to digital sports.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the study, participants' leisure time satisfaction levels were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis Analysis of Variance based on the variable of weekly exercise participation, and the analysis results are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKruskal Wallis Analysis of Variance Results for Leisure Time Satisfaction Level Based on the Variable of Weekly Exercise Participation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eScale Sub-Dimension\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeekly Exercise Level\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePsychological\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI don't exercise\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 days or less\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;5 days\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 days or more\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI don't exercise\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 days or less\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;5 days\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 days or more\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI don't exercise\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 days or less\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;5 days\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 days or more\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelaxation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI don't exercise\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 days or less\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;5 days\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 days or more\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhysical\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI don't exercise\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 days or fewer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;5 days\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 days or more\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAesthetic\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not exercise\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 days or fewer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;5 days\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 days or more\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI do not exercise\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 days or fewer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;5 days\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 days or more\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e shows that the leisure satisfaction levels of digital sports participants differed in the social, relaxation, physical, and aesthetic satisfaction subscales of the scale based on the weekly exercise level variable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS AND DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study observed that male participants' leisure satisfaction levels from digital sports were higher than female participants in the relaxation subscale of the scale. This difference may be related to men's tendency to be more free and independent than women in their leisure time. Considering that women tend to utilize leisure activities more limitedly due to reasons such as housework, caregiving responsibilities, and gendered societal expectations, leisure activities may be less relaxing than men's. Furthermore, because digital sports are more prevalent among men, men may prefer active and technology-enhanced activities such as games, while women prefer more social and passive activities. Therefore, men may experience greater leisure satisfaction from digital sports. Some studies have shown that women continue to think about stress-inducing factors even in their free time and may experience some difficulties in mentally relaxing (Bayık, et al., 2006; Kara\u0026ccedil;am, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Bal, et al., 2019).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study examined participants' leisure satisfaction levels based on the money-making variable. The analysis results found a significant difference in the physical and aesthetic relaxation subscales of the scale in favor of those who earned money. This difference can be attributed to the fact that those who earned money from digital sports engage in more regular, disciplined, and professional training, resulting in better physical parameters such as conditioning, strength, speed, and endurance. Additionally, they may have invested more in their physical development because they viewed this work as a profession or a performance tool. Indeed, Zhang et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) found findings supporting this conclusion in their study. It is believed that the difference in the aesthetics sub-dimension stems from the greater importance placed on elements such as body appearance, movement aesthetics, and performance presentation by those who earn money from digital sports. Indeed, Nam et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) and Kim et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) also produced similar findings in their studies. In the study, participants' leisure satisfaction levels were examined based on the variable of participation in competitions, and according to the analysis results, a significant difference was found in the psychological sub-dimension of the scale in favor of those who did not participate in competitions. Contrary to expectations, this result is thought to be related to the competition anxiety and psychological pressure experienced by those who participated in competitions. In addition to competitive stress, performance expectation and fear of failure are also thought to contribute to this outcome. Indeed, the results of some studies support this finding (Jones \u0026amp; Hanton, 2000; Runacres \u0026amp; Marshall, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Yang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Bayram et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e; Dom\u0026iacute;nguez-Gonz\u0026aacute;lez et al., 2025; Nathanael et al., 2021; Martens et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e). It could be argued that participants in competitions may have negatively impacted their perception of self-efficacy due to comparing their performances with professional athletes, which may have led to lower scores on the psychological relaxation subscale of the scale. Furthermore, it could be argued that those who did not participate in competitions may have higher levels of psychological satisfaction due to their approach to sports focused more on relaxation, fun, socialization, and enjoyment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTherefore, it can be argued that sporting activities conducted without competitive pressure can lead to a greater sense of psychological well-being. Indeed, Deci \u0026amp; Ryan's (2000) study found results that support this finding. Another reason for this result is that individuals participating in competitions have higher expectations of their coaches, teammates, and spectators, which may have increased the psychological pressure they feel. Furthermore, the fact that non-competitors describe sports as an experience where they feel more autonomous and comfortable may also contribute to their greater feelings of psychological relief. In the study, participants' leisure time satisfaction levels were examined based on the time spent on digital sports variable. According to the analysis results, a significant difference was found in the psychological subscale of the scale in favor of participants who devoted a moderate amount of time to digital sports. This result suggests that while long-term participation in digital games and esports activities can have a supportive effect on mental skills such as an individual's attention level, stress tolerance, and problem-solving competence, it can also have different effects on qualities such as psychological well-being and satisfaction. The findings observed in short-term participation can be considered an indication that this positive effect is not being fully utilized. Therefore, since digital sports are considered a leisure activity, it can be argued that the impact on the psychological dimension is limited. The findings of Lozano \u0026amp; Fernandez (2003) also suggest similar results. Furthermore, it can be argued that individuals who limit their participation in digital sports to a moderate level (3\u0026ndash;6 hours) may experience increased psychological flexibility, success, and consequently, self-confidence. However, exceeding this timeframe may lead to effects such as addiction, digital fatigue, low motivation, and social isolation. Indeed, this two-way effect is thought to be an expression of the significant difference observed in the psychological subscale. The findings of some other studies have also yielded similar results (Kim \u0026amp; Lee, 2004; Kovert \u0026amp; Quandt, 2023; \u0026Ccedil;etin \u0026amp; Kara, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Despite the increased time devoted to digital sports, the lack of a difference observed in the educational, social, physical, aesthetic, and relaxation subscales of the scale can be explained by various reasons. For example, while digital sports offer opportunities to develop cognitive skills, individuals often focus on the entertainment aspect of these activities rather than their instructional nature. This difference is believed to be due to the fact that, unlike traditional physical activity, digital sports do not allow for direct social interaction and do not require physical or artistic performance. Indeed, the findings of the studies by T\u0026uuml;z\u0026uuml;n \u0026amp; Altınışık (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), Smith et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e), and Wang \u0026amp; Zhang (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) also yield similar results. The study examined the leisure time satisfaction levels of digital sports participants based on the weekly exercise level variable. According to the analysis results, a significant difference was found in the aesthetic, physical, relaxation, and social subscales of the scale in favor of participants who exercised 3\u0026ndash;5 days per week. These findings indicate that the frequency of individual participation in sports has a decisive effect on the social, physical, aesthetic, and relaxation sub-dimensions. However, it has been observed that this multifaceted effect decreases with insufficient or excessive participation. This can be explained by the fact that sports create a significant difference in an individual's perceived level of social support and socialization due to their qualities such as belonging, social interaction, and sharing. The findings of the studies by Gonz\u0026aacute;lez-Hernandez et al. (2023) and \u0026Uuml;nl\u0026uuml; \u0026amp; Arslan (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) also support this result. The difference observed in the relaxation sub-dimension can be explained by the effect of sports on qualities such as coping with stress, relaxation, and emotional balance (Kim \u0026amp; Lee, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Arslan \u0026amp; \u0026Ouml;zdemir, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). The difference observed in the physical dimension is thought to be related to the increase that exercise creates in the individual's perception of physical awareness, condition, strength, and physical adequacy. Wang \u0026amp; Zhang, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; \u0026Ccedil;etin \u0026amp; Kara, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). The difference observed in the aesthetic dimension is thought to be related to the difference that exercise creates in the individual's qualities such as body appearance, movement aesthetics and performance presentation (Kim et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs a result, a relationship appears to exist between digital sports and leisure satisfaction. However, it can be said that the direction and level of this relationship is shaped by an individual's lifestyle preferences (preferred game type, duration of play, sharing with social circles, etc.). Indeed, when digital sports are a balanced part of an individual's life, they have a positive impact on psychological processes such as leisure satisfaction, motivation, and self-confidence. In other areas, this effect is more limited,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand addiction can negatively impact both physical and social satisfaction. In this context, the following suggestions can be offered:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e*It would be appropriate to maintain a balance in the duration of participation in digital sports. The negative impact of excessive participation on cognitive and psychological processes (especially on children and youth) should be considered. It should also be remembered that the purpose of participation is another factor to consider.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e*It can be argued that enriching digital sports applications with multifaceted content, including interactive, educational, social skills, and hybrid applications that support physical activity, which will enhance educational, social, physical, and aesthetic dimensions, can highlight their positive qualities.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics Approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(Human Ethics and Participation Consent Statement)\u003c/b\u003e This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Izmir Democracy University (Protocol No: 2022/66 Approval Date: December 06/07/2022). The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration and within the framework of the ethical committee approval obtained, in a manner consistent with human ethics. All participants provided \u003cb\u003einformed\u003c/b\u003e consent prior to the application of the scales. (This sentence replaces the original at )\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot Applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConflict of Interest\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical Trial Number\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs the study does not fall within the scope of clinical research, no separate \u0026lsquo;Clinical Research Number\u0026rsquo; has been assigned.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssoc. Prof. Dr. Nurg\u0026uuml;l \u0026Ouml;zdemir supervised the study and contributed to the conceptualization and methodology and manuscript preparation. Assoc.Prof.Neşe Kocakulak carried out data collection, analysis. Both authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArgan M, \u0026Ouml;zer A, Akın A. Elektronik spor: T\u0026uuml;rkiye\u0026rsquo;deki siber sporcuların tutum ve davranışları. Spor Y\u0026ouml;netimi ve Bilgi Teknolojileri Dergisi. 2006;1(2):1\u0026ndash;11.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArslan Y, \u0026Ouml;zdemir N. D\u0026uuml;zenli fiziksel aktivitenin stresle başa \u0026ccedil;ıkma ve rahatlama \u0026uuml;zerindeki etkisi. 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Sports participation and academic performance in primary school: A cross-sectional study in Chinese children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(4):3678. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043678\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3390/ijerph20043678\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-sports-science-medicine-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ssmr","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation](http://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ssmr/default.aspx","title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Digital sports, leisure time satisfaction, technology","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7913596/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7913596/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study is to determine the levels of leisure time satisfaction among individuals who engage in digital sports. Digital sports, which have emerged with the integration of digital technologies into the field of sports, offer individuals the opportunity to play games, train, and analyse their performance. The study was conducted using a descriptive survey model, and the sample consisted of 381 digital sports participants. Data were collected using the Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS) developed by Beard and Ragheb (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1980\u003c/span\u003e) and adapted into Turkish by G\u0026ouml;k\u0026ccedil;e and Orhan (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). SPSS 26.0 software was used for analyses. Normality tests revealed that the data were not normally distributed, and non-parametric tests were applied. The findings showed that male participants experienced higher satisfaction in the relaxation sub-dimension than females, and those who earned income from digital sports had higher levels of physical and aesthetic satisfaction. Furthermore, it was found that those who did not participate in competitions had higher levels of psychological satisfaction, and individuals who devoted a moderate amount of time to digital sports had the highest psychological satisfaction. It was determined that those who exercised 3\u0026ndash;5 days a week experienced higher satisfaction in the aesthetic, physical, relaxation, and social sub-dimensions. In conclusion, it was found that digital sports contribute to individuals' leisure time satisfaction in multiple ways, but this effect varies according to participation frequency, duration, and motivation level.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"From Screen to Field: The Impact of Digital Sports Participation on Leisure Time Satisfaction","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-11 18:22:26","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7913596/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-02T08:16:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-30T19:04:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-24T11:05:26+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-21T12:12:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"301826992614942331045855728725263852283","date":"2025-11-19T05:47:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"51360831248131236646219220216972506132","date":"2025-11-13T18:30:15+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"42731823975578359556908112119321075827","date":"2025-11-01T19:09:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"215019214918763623241538379503399385666","date":"2025-10-31T12:24:35+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"186923403613109046578857626046585104981","date":"2025-10-30T17:40:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-30T16:40:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-30T08:14:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-29T11:49:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","date":"2025-10-29T11:46:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-sports-science-medicine-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ssmr","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation](http://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ssmr/default.aspx","title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ee6c1567-45eb-4e25-a701-81b7fc145368","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-23T16:08:57+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7913596","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-01606-y","journal":{"identity":"bmc-sports-science-medicine-and-rehabilitation","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation"},"publishedOn":"2026-02-21 15:57:51","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 21st, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-11 18:22:26","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01606-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-01606-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7913596","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7913596","identity":"rs-7913596","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}