Factors influencing the choice of diagnostic radiology as a specialty among medical students in Palestine: A cross-sectional study

Factors influencing the choice of diagnostic radiology as a specialty among medical students in Palestine: A cross-sectional study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Factors influencing the choice of diagnostic radiology as a specialty among medical students in Palestine: A cross-sectional study Ibrahim Ammar AbuAttallah, Jana A Qrareya, Reem A Adawi, Jehad Khamaysa, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9015700/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Understanding factors influencing specialty choice is essential for workforce planning and curriculum development. Recruitment into radiology remains challenging in several regions, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. This study aimed to identify factors associated with Palestinian medical students’ consideration of diagnostic radiology as a future specialty, with particular emphasis on educational exposure, perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI), and cognitive influences. Methods A multi-institutional cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate factors influencing the choice of diagnostic radiology as a future specialty among Palestinian medical students between November 2025 and February 2026. Data were collected using a previously validated questionnaire adapted from Almuhanna et al. Descriptive statistics were performed, followed by bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of considering radiology as a future specialty. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Results A total of 427 students participated (56.7% female; mean age 21.75 ± 2.1 years). Among 300 valid responses regarding radiology intention, 102 students (34.0%) reported considering radiology as a future specialty. In multivariable analysis, lack of exposure to radiology research (OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.06–0.34, p < 0.001) and lack of preclinical radiology teaching (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.12–0.54, p < 0.001) were independently associated with lower likelihood of considering radiology. Enjoyment of diagnostic problem-solving tasks (OR = 3.35, 95% CI 1.39–8.09, p = 0.007) and exposure to tele-radiology (OR = 3.96, 95% CI 1.72–9.12, p = 0.001) were independently associated with higher likelihood. Lifestyle, impact on patient care, and work environment were the most frequently reported motivating factors. Conclusions Palestinian medical students’ interest in radiology is strongly associated with modifiable educational exposures, cognitive engagement in diagnostic reasoning, and perceptions of evolving technological practice. Structured undergraduate radiology exposure, research opportunities, and targeted mentorship may enhance recruitment into radiology in resource-limited settings. Clinical trial registration Not applicable. Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Following graduation, medical students must select a specialty pathway, a decision influenced by multiple personal and systemic factors. This can be a difficult decision, as it may be affected by multiple factors. Although the decision is personal, it can impact the whole health system; therefore, to ensure balance, these factors need to be studied and considered during strategic planning.[ 1 ] Concerning choosing radiology as a specialty, even the level of income,[ 2 ] personal interests [ 3 ],and factors related to a medical student’s character may play a role [ 4 , 5 ]. During medical school, these students build up multiple thoughts regarding each specialty, some of which may be correct, and others may not. Of these, for example, is the lifestyle in the future, and work-life balance, and fewer working hours compared with different specialties [ 6 ]. According to(Alsubai et al) sex also influences specialty choice[ 7 ]. Other important considerations include the growing demand for radiologists within modern healthcare systems, as radiology is a critical tool for diagnosis and management in different diseases and different fields, placing radiology at the center of modern medical practice.[ 8 ] Still, there are multiple obstacles for medical students to choose radiology, either personal or related to the lack of opportunities to get the specialty. This underscores the necessity of focused research into the variables that influence students’ interest in this area[ 1 ]. Many studies questioned this and found that intellectual and technical challenges, a positive work environment, and a better lifestyle all played encouraging factors for medical students to choose radiology as a specialty. In contrast, less patient contact and poor radiology rotation in medical school were found to discourage medical students from choosing radiology as a specialty[ 9 , 10 ]. The future of radiology is affected by technology and artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence applications in radiology are more than image interpretation; they also support clinical decisions, help in reporting, and structure workflow, emphasizing how radiology is a field that is continuously changing and guided by technology.[ 11 ] A recent cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia by Almuhanna et al (2025) found that the main factors influencing medical students' interest in diagnostic radiology were work environment, intellectual challenge, lifestyle factors, and work– life balance. In contrast, less contact with patients and medical students’ worries about radiation exposure were discouraging. The authors of this study point to the lack of institutional and regional research on this subject, underscoring the importance of further study in different geographic and cultural contexts [ 12 ] . Similarly, a study conducted in 2020 reported that a lack of awareness and misconceptions about radiation exposure were significant barriers to pursuing diagnostic radiology; greater exposure and awareness, particularly regarding interventional radiology, were associated with increased interest in the field. The study further emphasized the need for region-specific research in comparable healthcare and educational contexts [ 13 ]. In Palestine, research studying factors influencing medical students’ decisions to choose radiology as a specialty is still limited. Specialty choices of Palestinian medical students may be influenced by multiple factors, for example, clinical exposure opportunities, availability of imaging technologies, and recognition of radiology’s importance in healthcare. Therefore, in our study, we aim to investigate the factors influencing specialty selection among Palestinian medical students, identify factors affecting interest in diagnostic radiology, and provide evidence-based data to inform educational strategies and future workforce planning in radiology. Methods Study design and settings A multi-institutional cross-sectional study was conducted in this study to evaluate factors influencing the choice of diagnostic radiology as a future specialty among Palestinian medical students. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire and recruited medical students from the second through sixth academic years and medical interns from all accredited medical schools in Palestine (West Bank and Gaza Strip). Study Population, inclusion and exclusion criteria The target population included undergraduate medical students in their second through sixth academic years from all Palestinian medical faculties and medical interns who graduated from Palestinian medical schools. All eligible medical students in medical college, irrespective of their university affiliation, were able to participate. They were required to give voluntary informed consent. First-year students, students from non-medical or other health-related faculties, those studying medicine outside Palestine, and individuals who declined consent or submitted incomplete questionnaires were excluded. As such, this approach aimed to improve the quality of data and the broad representation of academic levels. Sample size and sampling techniques A minimum of 384 participants was the required sample size, which was calculated using OpenEpi utilizing a 95% confidence level, 5% margin of error, and an estimated proportion of 0.5. To account for potential non-responders, 12% were added; our target was 431 medical students and interns. A non-probability convenience sampling approach was used, distributing the questionnaire via WhatsApp, Facebook, and Telegram, whereby the questionnaire was distributed to medical students across all academic years. Representation from different academic levels was achieved through the broad dissemination of the survey link, without pre-specified quotas for each year. Study tool, validity, and reliability Study tool and questionnaire development The data collection tool was a previously validated, self-administered online questionnaire adapted from a previously published study by Almuhanna et al. (2025), which assessed factors influencing medical students’ choice of diagnostic radiology as a specialty at the College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University. Potential sources of bias, including voluntary response bias and limitations in self-reported data, were considered during analysis and interpretation. The original instrument underwent formal validation, including assessment of content validity and internal consistency. In the present study, the questionnaire was used without modification; therefore, no additional pilot testing or reliability analysis was performed. Two additional items were added to explore both cognitive and spatial correlation, and how they could influence the student’s choice to pursue radiology, relevant to the local educational context. These items were developed based on a focused literature review and expert input. As the core structure of the original validated questionnaire was preserved, no additional pilot testing or full-scale reliability analysis was performed; the added items were analyzed descriptively and exploratorily.” Reporting of this study follows the STROBE guidelines for observational studies. Variable definitions Study variables There were many variables in the study to assess the influencing factors on medical students’ intention to choose diagnostic radiology as a specialty. Demographics, academic level, exposure to radiology, perceptions of radiology practice, perceived impact of artificial intelligence, and cognitive and personal factors affecting career choice were independent variables. The intention to select diagnostic radiology as a future medical specialty was the primary variable measured using a binary (yes/no) response, as defined in the questionnaire. The authors extended upon the initial questionnaire, including themes emerging beyond the original instrument, by devising additional items focused on cognitive and personal influences, guided by current literature and the evolving role of cognitive processes in radiology decision-making. The final questionnaire covered the following domains: Demographic characteristics Current specialty interests Exposure to radiology Medical students’ perception and awareness of the radiologists’ role Factors influencing preference for diagnostic radiology Artificial intelligence, technology, and the future of radiology Cognitive and personal influences on interest in radiology Operational definitions and standardized measures were applied across variables to ensure consistent data collection and interpretation, thereby enhancing the transparency and reproducibility of the study. Statistical analysis Data were collected by exporting it through the online survey platform, which was analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 27. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics and study variables using frequencies and percentages. Bivariate associations between categorical variables and considering radiology as a future specialty were assessed using Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. Variables with a p-value ≤ 0.20 in bivariate analysis, along with clinically relevant factors, were entered into a multivariable binary logistic regression model to identify independent predictors of considering radiology as a future specialty. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported. Model fit was assessed using the Omnibus test, Hosmer–Lemeshow test, and pseudo-R² statistics. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Missing data were handled using a complete-case analysis approach. Participants with incomplete responses for variables included in the multivariable logistic regression model were excluded from the adjusted analysis. No imputation techniques were applied, as the proportion of missing data was deemed acceptable for exploratory analysis. Ethical approval Ethical considerations The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the appropriate institutional review board at Arab American University under the archived number “J-2025/A/67/N”. Google Form informed consent was obtained from all participants, and confidentiality and anonymity were strictly maintained. Results Descriptive Data Analysis Participant recruitment and inclusion are summarized in Figure 1. Of the 436 medical students invited to participate, 427 completed the survey. The sample was predominantly female (242 of 427, 56.7%). Most participants were single (416 of 427, 97.4%). The students’ ages ranged from 18 to 30 years, with a mean age of 21.75 years. The majority of students were from the Arab American University (217 of 427, 50.8%). Fig. 3: Flow diagram of participant recruitment, inclusion, and final analytical sample in the cross-sectional study. Regarding monthly income, 228 students (53.4%) reported earning less than 2,500 NIS, whereas 85 students (19.9%) reported earning more than 5,000 NIS. The primary sources of income were family support, scholarships, and part-time work. Table 1 All the socio-demographic and academic characteristics of participants have no significant association with choosing radiology as a future specialty. Current Specialty Interest: Of the 247 (56.7%) students interested in a particular specialty at this stage, 138 (32.3%) were interested in medicine, 139 (32.6%) in surgery, and 150 (35.1%) in both specialties. The most preferred specialties were internal medicine (12.4%), general surgery (11.2%), cardiac surgery (11.0%), dermatology (7.3%), and neurosurgery (6.7%). The participants' interest has no significant association with choosing radiology as a future specialty. (Figure1) Fig. 1 Distribution of preferred medical specialties among participating students. Among the 300 valid responses, only 102 participants (34.0%) reported the intention of pursuing radiology as a future specialty, whereas 198 participants (66.0%) did not have such an intention. Figure 2 Fig. 2 Proportion of students considering diagnostic radiology as a future specialty. Regarding the factors influencing medical students’ choice of specialty, 67.7% chose the work/life balance, followed by income potentials or future earnings (66.5%), (65.8%) diversity within the field, (65.1%) working environment, and relationships. Current exposure/knowledge of the field (59.3%), (58.5%) status of the specialty, and interest in acute patient management (57.4%). Table 2 Association between considering radiology as a future specialty and categorical variables: Students’ intention to choose radiology as a future specialty was significantly associated with multiple factors. Greater knowledge of patient management ( p = 0.04), current exposure to or knowledge of the radiology field ( p = 0.011), and perceived work–life balance ( p < 0.001) were associated with an increased likelihood of considering radiology. In contrast, stronger family expectations ( p = 0.008), mentor or role-model influence ( p = 0.01), and concerns regarding potential litigation and legal issues ( p = 0.01) were associated with a decreased likelihood of choosing radiology. Table 3 Exposure to Radiology : Among participants with valid responses, the majority reported some exposure to radiology (300 of 427, 70.3%). However, formal or structured exposure was limited. The nature of exposure was mostly through preclinical radiology lectures (68.4%). Only 11.2% reported involvement in radiology-related research, 9.4% had attended radiology conferences, and 8.0% participated in radiology-related group events. The lowest level of exposure was observed for clinical radiology rotations, with only 4.4% of students reporting completion of a clinical rotation, while 23.4% reported undertaking a radiology elective. Table 4 Association between considering radiology as a future specialty and exposure to radiology modalities: Exposure-related factors were significantly associated with students’ intention to choose radiology as a future specialty. Students who reported any exposure to radiology , attendance at preclinical radiology lectures , participation in radiology-related research , and completion of a radiology elective were significantly more likely to consider radiology as a future career compared with those without such exposure. ( p = 0.003, 0.003, < 0.01 , < 0.01 )Table 5 Perceptions and Awareness of Radiologists’ Role : The majority of students agreed that radiologists play an important role in diagnosis and management (92.5%). Awareness of the distinction between a radiologist and a radiographer was reported by 62.5% of participants. The majority (85.2%) identified radiologists as responsible for diagnosing patients (85.2%) and directing radiographers in optimizing imaging parameters (77.5%). A large proportion also recognized radiologists’ responsibility for radiation protection during X-ray or CT examinations (74.0%) and their role in performing conventional radiographic examinations (71.9%). Approximately half of the respondents reported that radiologists meet with patients (52.9%) and perform surgical or interventional procedures (44.7%), while fewer perceived radiologists as providing direct medical treatment (37.2%) or direct surgical treatment (41.7%). Table 6 Association between considering radiology as a future specialty and perceptions of the radiologist’s role: Students’ perceptions of the radiologist’s role were associated with their intention to consider radiology as a future specialty. Awareness of the distinction between a radiologist and a radiographer was more common among students considering radiology (70.6%) compared with those not considering the specialty (61.1%). Students considering radiology were also more likely to perceive radiologists as providing direct surgical treatment (53.9% vs. 38.9%) and as performing surgical or interventional procedures (62.7% vs. 43.4%) compared with those not considering radiology. Table 7 Radiology career preferences and associated reasons among medical students Medical students’ reasons for preferring radiology as a future specialty included minimal patient contact (54.6%), a broad and varied knowledge base (47.3%), and competitive training (33.7%). Concerns related to radiation exposure (33.3%), an appealing physics or technology component (31.6%), and strong interest in the specialty (31.6%) were also commonly reported. Conversely, among students not selecting radiology, the most frequently reported reasons were greater interest in another specialty (70.3%), lack of interest in performing the same tasks continuously (69.1%), and concerns regarding radiation exposure (63.2%). Additional deterrents included minimal patient contact (46.6%), a perceived lack of variety within the specialty (42.9%), competitive training (41.9%), excessive patient interaction (28.1%), and knowing a radiologist (26.0%). Regarding the preference between diagnostic and interventional radiology, a greater proportion of students expressed interest in interventional radiology (30.7%) compared with diagnostic radiology (17.3%), while 17.3% were equally interested in both; however, 34.7% reported being unsure. Table 8 Association between considering radiology as a future specialty and attitudinal factors: Students’ intention to consider radiology as a future specialty was significantly associated with multiple attitudinal and interpersonal factors. A markedly higher proportion of students considering radiology reported strong interest in the specialty and perceived radiology as offering extensive knowledge and competitive training opportunities compared with those not considering radiology (all p < 0.001). Awareness of radiation risk was also significantly associated with specialty choice ( p = 0.014). Preferences related to patient interaction showed significant associations. Students considering radiology were more likely to report that excessive patient interaction influenced their career considerations ( p = 0.001), while preference for minimal patient contact was also significantly associated with considering radiology ( p = 0.015). In addition, personal exposure to the field through knowing a radiologist was significantly associated with considering radiology as a future specialty ( p < 0.001). Table 9 The most influential factors in choosing radiology as a future specialty were lifestyle (57.8%), impact on patient care (52.2%), work environment (50.1%), intellectual challenges (43.8%), degree of patient contact (42.4%), procedures (41.5%), and job market (40.5%). The least important factors were participation in recruitment events (26.2%) , participation in live didactic lectures (27.4%), and involvement in a professional radiology organization (28.3%). Table 10 Several perceived career-related factors were significantly associated with students’ intention to consider radiology as a future specialty. Lifestyle showed a strong association, with students who rated lifestyle as “very important” being more likely to consider radiology (p=0.001). Compensation was also significantly associated with specialty consideration (, p=0.002), as were perceptions regarding the impact of radiology on patient care (p=0.012). Educational and experiential factors played an important role. The perceived importance of radiological experience was significantly associated with considering radiology (p=0.002), as was the importance placed on procedural involvement (p=0.021). Students who valued technological knowledge were more likely to consider radiology (p=0.037), highlighting the specialty’s technical appeal. Workplace-related perceptions, including work environment (p=0.020) and interaction with residents (p=0.002), were also significantly associated with radiology preference. Additionally, the perceived importance of research involvement showed a significant relationship with considering radiology as a future specialty (p=0.031). Collectively, these findings indicate that lifestyle, financial considerations, educational exposure, and professional environment are key determinants influencing medical students’ interest in radiology. Table 11 AI, T echnology & Future of Radiology Regarding perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology, the majority of participants agreed that AI would enhance radiologists’ capabilities and improve efficiency (60.0%). However, nearly one-third of respondents agreed that AI would replace radiologists within their lifetime (32.1%). In addition, 40.0% of participants believed that the impact of AI alone would reduce the number of radiologists needed in the future. Despite these concerns, more than half of the respondents agreed that radiologists should embrace artificial intelligence and collaborate with the information technology industry to facilitate its implementation in clinical practice (54.8%). When asked whether an introduction to tele-radiology would influence their choice of radiology as a future specialty, 34.0% of participants reported that it would influence their decision, whereas 23.7% indicated that it would not. A substantial proportion of respondents (42.4%) were uncertain about the potential influence of tele-radiology on their specialty choice. Perceptions regarding the influence of tele-radiology were significantly associated with students’ intention to consider radiology as a future specialty ( p < 0.001). A substantially higher proportion of students considering radiology reported that an introduction to tele-radiology would influence their career choice compared with those not considering radiology (56.9% vs. 24.2%). Conversely, students not considering radiology were more likely to report that tele-radiology would not influence their choice (34.8% vs. 14.7%) or that they were uncertain about its influence (40.9% vs. 28.4%). Table 12 Cognitive & Personal Influences on Radiology Interest Regarding cognitive and perceptual skills relevant to radiology, confidence in visual–spatial skills was significantly associated with considering radiology as a future specialty, with students reporting confidence in these skills demonstrating higher odds of interest in radiology (p = 0.005). In contrast, although a majority of respondents believed that visual–spatial skills are important for a radiology career (63.0%), this perception was not significantly associated with specialty choice (p = 0.234). Enjoyment of diagnostic problem-solving tasks was reported by 63.0% of participants; however, this factor did not reach statistical significance in relation to considering radiology as a future specialty (p = 0.081). Notably, students who reported that diagnostic problem-solving increased the appeal of radiology were significantly more likely to consider radiology as a future specialty (p < 0.001).Table 13 Regression Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with considering radiology as a future specialty. Of the 300 participants with valid outcome data, 267 (89.0%) had complete covariate data and were included in the multivariable model using a complete-case approach. Approximately 11% of eligible cases were excluded due to missing covariate data. No imputation techniques were applied. Variables with a p-value ≤ 0.20 in bivariate analyses, along with variables deemed clinically relevant, were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. The overall model was statistically significant (Omnibus χ²(11) = 44.13, p < 0.001) and demonstrated acceptable explanatory power (Cox & Snell R² = 0.152; Nagelkerke R² = 0.211). Model calibration was adequate, as indicated by a non-significant Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (χ²(8) = 5.12, p = 0.745). Using a classification cut-off of 0.50, the model correctly classified 71.2% of cases, with high specificity (91.0%) and modest sensitivity (32.2%). After adjustment for potential confounders, exposure to radiology-related research and exposure to preclinical radiology lectures remained independently associated with considering radiology as a future specialty. Students without exposure to radiology research had significantly lower odds of considering radiology compared with those who had research exposure (OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.06–0.34, p < 0.001). Similarly, students without exposure to preclinical radiology lectures had lower odds of considering radiology compared with those exposed (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.12–0.54, p < 0.001). Year of study was not significant overall (p = 0.289); however, one academic year category demonstrated significantly higher odds of considering radiology compared with the reference group (OR = 4.11, 95% CI 1.05–16.01, p = 0.042). Additionally, students who reported enjoying diagnostic problem-solving tasks were significantly more likely to consider radiology as a future specialty (OR = 3.35, 95% CI 1.39–8.09, p = 0.007). In contrast, self-perceived visual–spatial ability and beliefs regarding the importance of visual–spatial skills were not independently associated with specialty choice in the adjusted model. Likewise, GPA, perceived work–life balance, and mentor or role-model influence were not statistically significant predictors (all p > 0.05). Notably, exposure to tele-radiology as an introduction to the field was independently associated with increased odds of considering radiology as a future specialty (OR = 3.96, 95% CI 1.72–9.12, p = 0.001). Table 14 Discussion Radiology has a main role in medical practice, playing a critical role in diagnosis, disease monitoring, and interventional management across almost all clinical specialties. Despite the rapid expansion of its clinical and technological aspects, recruitment into radiology remains challenging in many regions, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. In Palestine, uncertainty concerning training pathways, insufficient undergraduate exposure, and understanding the radiologist's role may influence career decision-making. Our study provides an insight into Palestinian medical students’ knowledge, perception, and intention regarding radiology as a future specialty, offering an evidence-based reference for understanding factors that may affect specialty choice. Work–life balance, income, and diversity within the field were the most frequently reported determinants of specialty preference. These findings are broadly consistent with previous studies in Ireland and Saudi Arabia, which identified work environment, exposure, and lifestyle factors as key influences. In the present study, lifestyle, perceived impact on patient care, and work environment were the strongest radiology-specific motivators [10,12,14]. Unlike some prior reports, financial incentives were not independently associated with specialty consideration, suggesting that stability and professional fulfillment may outweigh income expectations in this context. [12,14]. We found the introduction of tele-radiology could positively influence the student’s intention to consider radiology as their future specialty, given the newly expanding practices, including remote work services and technological advancement that have been introduced to radiology [15]. Further investigations are required to examine the tele-radiology effect on the students’ career considerations. No significant gender differences were observed, contrasting with some international findings suggesting a higher male preference for radiology. The year of study was also not independently associated with specialty choice, highlighting potential contextual differences in exposure and career development pathways. [12,14] A literature review by Levaillant et al. (2020) mentioned the regionally variant most influential factors in terms of specialty choice for medical students, which are work-life balance, their interest in the field, and academic background. [16] The importance of students’ engagement, lifestyle balance, commitment to patient care, and mentor effect were found by (Yang et al., 2019) as important determinants in subspecialty choice. [17] These outside research results emphasize the crucial role of personal preferences in specialty selection. Interest in another specialty was the main reason for not choosing radiology. While the previous literature found that concerns about radiation exposure are a discouraging factor [10,12], our results are consistent with those of Lynch et al. (2022), who found that these concerns influence the students’ choice of radiology, which was attributed to their greater awareness and interest in radiation protection rather than discouraging them. This disagreement calls for more studies to understand students’ perceptions and the motivations behind these preferences. The misunderstanding of artificial intelligence (AI) concepts may mislead the students’ influence on specialty choice [18]; therefore, many studies have called for more research to explore how AI could affect the specialty choice of medical students [18,14]. Emerging evidence from human-centered AI research suggests that generative AI in radiology is perceived as both an educational opportunity and a source of professional uncertainty. Such dual perceptions may shape specialty attractiveness among medical students, particularly in contexts where exposure to AI literacy is limited.[10]. These concerns appeared to reflect fears of replacement rather than recognition of AI as a supportive clinical tool, consistent with mixed findings in previous studies [12]. These dissimilar results highlight the need for educational efforts to clarify the actual role of AI in radiology. Our study aims to assess the factors that influence Palestinian medical students' interest in radiology. Early exposure, perceptions of work-life balance, radiologist role awareness, and engagement in diagnostic problem-solving activities were associated with greater interest in the field; however, family expectations and concerns related to medico-legal issues appeared to discourage students. In interpreting these findings, it is evident that both educational experiences and personal perceptions play important roles in shaping students’ attitudes toward radiology. Based on these results, targeted educational and mentoring strategies -such as well –structured radiology curricula, diverse intellectual opportunities, addressing radiation and litigation concerns, and clarifying the radiologist’s role are recommended to support and encourage greater student engagement in radiology. Limitations and strengths of the study Limitations : This study has several limitations. First, the use of an online survey distributed through social media platforms may have introduced selection bias, as participation was voluntary and dependent on internet access and engagement. Second, self-reported responses may be subject to recall bias and social desirability bias. Third, although the sample size was adequate and included multiple institutions, generalizability beyond the Palestinian context may be limited. Finally, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference, and no follow-up was conducted to assess whether expressed interest translated into actual specialty selection. Strength : A major strength of this study is the inclusion of medical students from multiple universities and academic levels across Palestine, enhancing the representativeness of the sample and strengthening the internal validity of the findings. Conclusion Palestinian medical students’ interest in radiology is influenced by educational exposure, cognitive engagement with diagnostic problem-solving, and perceptions of work–life balance, but not by demographic characteristics. The key modifiable factor associated with increased consideration of radiology as a future specialty was early academic exposure, particularly preclinical teaching, research involvement, and elective experiences. On the other hand, concerns related to medico-legal issues, radiation exposure, and misconceptions about the radiologist’s role remain important deterrents. These findings highlight the need for targeted undergraduate radiology curricula, structured clinical exposure, and mentorship initiatives within Palestinian medical schools to improve awareness, correct misconceptions, strengthen recruitment into this essential and evolving specialty, and provide recommendations to increase available residency positions in radiology programs. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Arab American University (IRB approval number: J-2025/A/67/N). Electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to completing the online questionnaire. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality and anonymity were strictly maintained. Clinical trial registration Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to institutional regulations and participant confidentiality but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This research received no external funding. Authors’ contributions IA contributed to data collection, methodology development, drafting the discussion, and preparation of the strengths and limitations sections. RA contributed to data collection, drafting the introduction and abstract, reference management, and manuscript formatting. JQ performed data coding and statistical analysis and drafted the results section. MA and JKH supervised the study, contributed to study conception and design, critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content, and approved the final version for submission. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements The authors sincerely thank all medical students who participated in this study. The authors also acknowledge the Arab American University for administrative support. References McManus IC, Livingston G, Katona C. The attractions of medicine: the generic motivations of medical school applicants in relation to demography, personality and achievement. BMC Med Educ. 2006;6:11. 10.1186/1472-6920-6-11 . DeZee KJ, Maurer D, Colt R, Shimeall W, Mallory R, Powers J, et al. Effect of financial remuneration on specialty choice of fourth-year U.S. medical students. Acad Med. 2011;86(2):187–93. 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182045ec9 . Al-Fouzan R, Al-Ajlan S, Marwan Y, Al-Saleh M. Factors affecting future specialty choice among medical students in Kuwait. Med Educ Online. 2012;17:19587. 10.3402/meo.v17i0.19587 . Ciechanowski PS, Russo JE, Katon WJ, Walker EA. Attachment theory in health care: the influence of relationship style on medical students' specialty choice. Med Educ. 2004;38(3):262–70. 10.1046/j.1365-2923.2004.01767.x . Petrides KV, McManus IC. Mapping medical careers: questionnaire assessment of career preferences in medical school applicants and final-year students. BMC Med Educ. 2004;4:18. 10.1186/1472-6920-4-18 . Dorsey ER, Jarjoura D, Rutecki GW. Influence of controllable lifestyle on recent trends in specialty choice by US medical students. JAMA. 2003;290(9):1173–8. 10.1001/jama.290.9.1173 . 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Factors influencing the choice of radiology as a specialty among clinical-year medical students in Nigeria: a multi-center cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2025;25:1452. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-08067-w . European Society of Radiology (ESR). What the radiologist should know about artificial intelligence—an ESR white paper. Insights Imaging. 2019;10(1):44. 10.1186/s13244-019-0738-2 . Almuhanna AF, Alsultan DH, Almohsen DS, AlHuraish DS, AlRatrout FN, Alzanadi RH, et al. Factors influencing choosing diagnostic radiology as a specialty among medical students. Acad Radiol. 2025;32(4):2371–7. 10.1016/j.acra.2024.12.015 . Alchallah MO, Ismail H, Dia T, Shibani M, Alzabibi MA, Mohsen F, Turkmani K, Sawaf B. Assessing diagnostic radiology knowledge among Syrian medical undergraduates. Insights into imaging. 2020;11(1):124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-020-00937-9 . Lynch T, Bockhold S, McNulty JP. Factors influencing the choice of radiology as a medical specialty in Ireland. Eur J Radiol. 2022;151:110297. 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110297 . Morrison K, Mathur A, Bradshaw A, Wartmann T, Lundi S, Zandifar A et al. A human-centered approach to identifying promises, risks, and challenges of text-to-image generative AI in radiology. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (AIES 2025). Washington, DC: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence; 2025. pp. 1758–1768. https://doi:10.1609/aies.v8i2.36672 Levaillant M, Levaillant L, Lerolle N, Vallet B, Hamel-Broza JF. Factors influencing medical students' choice of specialization: a gender-based systematic review. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;28:100589. 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100589 . Yang Y, Li J, Wu X, Wang J, Li W, Zhu Y, et al. Factors influencing subspecialty choice among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(3):e022097. 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022097 . Neittaanmäki N. 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Tables Table 1 Socio-demographic and academic characteristics of participants (N = 427) Variable Category n % Gender Male 185 43.3 Female 242 56.7 Marital status Single 416 97.4 Married 10 2.3 Divorced 1 0.2 Monthly income (NIS) 5,000 85 19.9 Primary source of income Family support 391 91.6 Scholarship 18 4.2 Part-time work 17 4.0 Year of study 2nd year 64 15.0 3rd year 89 20.8 4th year 73 17.1 5th year 79 18.5 6th year 92 21.5 Intern 30 7.0 University Arab American University (AAUP) 217 50.8 An-Najah National University (NNU) 105 24.6 Al-Quds University 34 8.0 Palestine Polytechnic University 24 5.6 Hebron University 14 3.3 Washington University 9 2.1 University Gaza's Universities 24 5.6 Grade Point Average (GPA) Acceptable 6 1.5 Good 144 37.1 Very good 238 61.3 Table 2 Factors Influencing Medical Students’ Choice of Specialty Factor influencing specialty choice n (%) Work–life balance 67.7 Income potential / future earning 66.5 Diversity within the field 65.8 Working environment and relationships 65.1 Current exposure / knowledge of the field 59.3 Status of the specialty 58.5 Interest in acute patient management 57.4 Extent of patient contact 56.7 Length of training 54.8 Competition for training scheme 51.8 Academic examination results 47.1 Mentor / role-model influence 46.6 Potential litigation / legal issues 40.0 Family expectations 36.8 Table 3 Factors influencing consideration of radiology as a future specialty (N = 300) Factor Influence level Not considering radiology (n = 198) Considering radiology (n = 102) P value Extent of patient contact No influence 39 (19.7) 12 (11.8) 0.040 Minor influence 51 (25.8) 36 (35.3) Moderate influence 80 (40.4) 32 (31.4) Strong influence 28 (14.1) 22 (21.6) Family expectations No influence 70 (35.4) 19 (18.6) 0.008 Minor influence 55 (27.8) 45 (44.1) Moderate influence 53 (26.8) 26 (25.5) Strong influence 20 (10.1) 12 (11.8) Current exposure / knowledge No influence 29 (14.6) 8 (7.8) 0.011 Minor influence 44 (22.2) 40 (39.2) Moderate influence 86 (43.4) 34 (33.3) Strong influence 39 (19.7) 20 (19.6) Work–life balance No influence 19 (9.6) 3 (2.9) < 0.001 Minor influence 42 (21.2) 44 (43.1) Moderate influence 77 (38.9) 26 (25.5) Strong influence 60 (30.3) 29 (28.4) Mentor / role-model influence No influence 48 (24.2) 14 (13.7) 0.01 Minor influence 55 (27.8) 46 (45.1) Moderate influence 66 (33.3) 33 (32.4) Strong influence 29 (14.6) 9 (8.8) Potential litigation / legal issues No influence 58 (29.3) 17 (16.7) 0.03 Minor influence 60 (30.3) 46 (45.1) Moderate influence 58 (29.3) 26 (25.5) Strong influence 22 (11.1) 13 (12.7) Table 4 Medial Students’ Exposure and Experience to Radiology Specialty. Variable Category n % To date, have you had any exposure to radiology? Yes 300 70.3 No 127 29.7 Have you attended pre-clinical radiology lectures? Yes 292 68.4 No 135 31.6 Have you participated in radiology-related research? Yes 48 11.2 No 379 88.8 Have you attended radiology conferences? Yes 40 9.4 No 387 90.6 Have you participated in radiology group events? Yes 34 8.0 No 393 92.0 Have you completed a clinical rotation in radiology? Yes 19 4.4 No 408 95.6 Have you taken an elective rotation in radiology? Yes 100 23.4 No 327 76.6 Why did you engage in radiology-related experience? No prior experience 147 34.4 Considering radiology as a specialty choice 51 11.9 To expand exposure to radiology, particularly clinical exposure 52 12.2 Not choosing radiology as a specialty, but recognizing its importance 177 41.5 Did your experience influence your career decision? Toward radiology 81 52.3 Away from radiology 72 46.5 Perceived adequacy of exposure to radiology Too little 130 44.2 Just right 144 49.0 Too much 20 6.8 Table 5 Association between radiology exposure modalities and considering radiology as a future specialty (N = 300) Variable Category Not considering radiology (n = 198) Considering radiology (n = 102) p-value Any exposure to radiology No 69 (34.8) 19 (18.6) 0.003 Yes 129 (65.2) 83 (81.4) Pre-clinical radiology lectures No 74 (37.4) 21 (20.6) 0.003 Yes 124 (62.6) 81 (79.4) Radiology-related research No 185 (93.4) 76 (74.5) < 0.001 Yes 13 (6.6) 26 (25.5) Radiology elective No 160 (80.8) 58 (56.9) < 0.001 Yes 38 (19.2) 44 (43.1) Table 6 Medical students’ perceptions and Awareness of Radiologist’s Role. Variable Category n % Radiologists play an important role in diagnosis and management Agree 395 92.5 Disagree 17 4 Neither agree nor disagree 15 3.5 Awareness of the difference between a radiologist and a radiographer Yes 267 62.5 No 74 17.3 Not sure 86 20.1 Radiologists role Diagnose patients 364 85.2 Direct medical treatment 159 37.2 Direct surgical treatment 178 41.7 Meet with patients 226 52.9 Perform surgical procedures 191 44.7 Perform conventional X-ray/radiographic examinations 307 71.9 Direct radiographers in optimizing imaging parameters 331 77.5 Responsible for radiation protection during X-ray or CT examinations 316 74.0 Table 7 Association between perceptions of the radiologist’s role and considering radiology as a future specialty (N = 300) Variable Category Not considering radiology (n = 198) Considering radiology (n = 102) p-value Awareness of the difference between a radiologist and a radiographer No 37 (18.7) 21 (20.6) 0.041 Yes 121 (61.1) 72 (70.6) Not sure 40 (20.2) 9 (8.8) Radiologists provide direct surgical treatment No 121 (61.1) 47 (46.1) 0.013 Yes 77 (38.9) 55 (53.9) Radiologists perform surgical procedures No 112 (56.6) 38 (37.3) 0.002 Yes 86 (43.4) 64 (62.7) Table 8 Radiology career preferences and associated reasons among medical students Variable Category n % Considering radiology as a future specialty Yes 102 23.9 No 198 46.4 Not sure 127 29.7 Likelihood of choosing interventional radiology after completing radiology residency Very unlikely 64 15.0 Unlikely 80 18.7 Not sure 202 47.3 Likely 60 14.1 Very likely 21 4.9 Interest between diagnostic and interventional radiology More interested in interventional radiology 131 30.7 More interested in diagnostic radiology 74 17.3 Equally interested 74 17.3 Unsure 148 34.7 Reasons for selecting radiology as a specialty : Minimal patient contact 233 54.6 Very varied/extensive knowledge 202 47.3 Competitive training 144 33.7 Risk of radiation exposure 142 33.3 Physics/technology component is appealing 135 31.6 Very interested in the specialty 135 31.6 I know a radiologist 122 28.6 Too much patient interaction 90 21.1 Reasons for not selecting radiology as a specialty : Interested in another specialty 300 70.3 Interesting, but do not want to do ti all the time 295 69.1 Risk of radiation exposure 270 63.2 Minimal patient contact 199 46.6 Physics/technology component is not appealing 183 42.9 Not varied enough 183 42.9 Competitive training 179 41.9 Too much patient interaction 120 28.1 I know a radiologist 111 26.0 Table 9 Association between attitudinal factors and considering radiology as a future specialty (N = 300) Variable Category Not considering radiology (n = 198) Considering radiology (n = 102) p-value Very interested in the specialty No 176 (88.9) 19 (18.6) < 0.001 Yes 22 (11.1) 83 (81.4) Minimal patient contact No 128 (64.6) 15 (14.7) < 0.001 Yes 70 (35.4) 87 (85.3) Too much patient interaction No 165 (83.3) 70 (68.6) 0.003 Yes 33 (16.7) 32 (31.4) Radiation risk No 137 (69.2) 56 (54.9) 0.014 Yes 61 (30.8) 46 (45.1) Competitive training No 151 (76.3) 47 (46.1) < 0.001 Yes 47 (23.7) 55 (53.9) Extensive knowledge No 147 (74.2) 20 (19.6) < 0.001 Yes 51 (25.8) 82 (80.4) Knowing a radiologist No 155 (78.3) 53 (52.0) < 0.001 Yes 43 (21.7) 49 (48.0) Table 10 Factors Influencing Medical Students’ Choice of Radiology as a Future Specialty Factor n (%) Lifestyle 57.8 Impact on patient care 52.2 Work environment 50.1 Intellectual challenges 43.8 Degree of patient contact 42.4 Procedures 41.5 Job market 40.5 Experience on radiology rotations/ elective … 39.6 Experience with radiology during a non- radiology rotations/ elective … 38.6 Advanced / cutting edge technology 37.7 Compensation 37.0 Role Models 34.4 Shadowing a radiologist 32.1 Radiology residents 31.4 Physics 30.0 Being involved in radiology research 30.0 Online curricula 29.7 Radiology group interest 29.3 Being involved in professional radiology organizations 28.3 Participation in live didactic lectures 27.4 Participating in radiology events 26.2 Table 11 Association between career choice factors and considering radiology as a future specialty (N = 300) Factor χ² (df) p-value Impact on patient care 10.87 (3) 0.012 Compensation 14.63 (3) 0.002 Lifestyle 15.84 (3) 0.001 Radiological experience 14.93 (3) 0.002 Procedures 9.71 (3) 0.021 Non-radiological experience 8.37 (3) 0.039 Technological knowledge 8.49 (3) 0.037 Work environment 9.83 (3) 0.020 Interaction with residents 15.00 (3) 0.002 Research importance 8.85 (3) 0.031 Table 12 Association between AI influence and Tele-radiology exposure on considering radiology as a future specialty (N = 300) Item Not considering radiology (n = 198), n (%) Considering radiology (n = 102), n (%) p -value Artificial intelligence will enhance radiologists’ capabilities and efficiency 120 (60.6) 54 (52.9) 0.059 Artificial intelligence will replace radiologists in the future 72 (36.4) 23 (22.5) 0.034 Artificial intelligence will reduce the number of radiologists needed 90 (45.5) 29 (28.4) 0.075 Radiologists should embrace artificial intelligence and collaborate with industry for its implementation 120 (60.6) 44 (43.1) 0.043 Would an early introduction to radiology influence your career choice? 48 (24.2) 58 (56.9) < 0.001 Table 13 Association between cognitive and perceptual skills and considering radiology as a future specialty (N = 300) Cognitive / perceptual factor n (%) p-value Confidence in visual–spatial skills 171 (40.0%) 0.005 Belief that visual–spatial skills are important for radiology 269 (63.0%) 0.234 Enjoyment of diagnostic problem-solving tasks 269 (63.0%) 0.081 Diagnostic problem-solving increases appeal of radiology 169 (39.6%) < 0.001 Table 14 Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Considering Radiology as a Future Specialty (N = 267) Variable Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) 95% Confidence Interval p-value No exposure to radiology research 0.14 0.06–0.34 < 0.001 No exposure to preclinical radiology lectures 0.26 0.12–0.54 < 0.001 Year of study (selected category vs reference) 4.11 1.05–16.01 0.042 Enjoyment of diagnostic problem-solving tasks 3.35 1.39–8.09 0.007 Exposure to Tele-radiology 3.96 1.72–9.12 0.001 Self-perceived visual–spatial ability — — > 0.05 Belief in importance of visual–spatial skills — — > 0.05 GPA — — > 0.05 Work–life balance influence — — > 0.05 Mentor / role-model influence — — > 0.05 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":29467,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProportion of students considering diagnostic radiology as a future specialty.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"figure2d1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9015700/v1/9a2d2a93bf7474f19f564126.jpg"},{"id":106541893,"identity":"3cd6feff-fdc4-4b37-af75-d28062156b6b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-09 16:12:32","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":31609,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFlow diagram of participant recruitment, inclusion, and final analytical sample in the cross-sectional study.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9015700/v1/915eb8f02a19003318b53eaf.png"},{"id":106727021,"identity":"1852b814-5724-47f4-b57d-6373684f5311","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-12 18:38:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2238233,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9015700/v1/379e88db-0027-4d65-9b94-fe9050c3ffbf.pdf"},{"id":106541890,"identity":"0d906798-70ef-4210-960b-e86bc6c37606","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-09 16:12:32","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":139187,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"questionnaire.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9015700/v1/83698964bedd497de5ef0975.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Factors influencing the choice of diagnostic radiology as a specialty among medical students in Palestine: A cross-sectional study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eFollowing graduation, medical students must select a specialty pathway, a decision influenced by multiple personal and systemic factors. This can be a difficult decision, as it may be affected by multiple factors. Although the decision is personal, it can impact the whole health system; therefore, to ensure balance, these factors need to be studied and considered during strategic planning.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcerning choosing radiology as a specialty, even the level of income,[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e] personal interests [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e],and factors related to a medical student\u0026rsquo;s character may play a role [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. During medical school, these students build up multiple thoughts regarding each specialty, some of which may be correct, and others may not. Of these, for example, is the lifestyle in the future, and work-life balance, and fewer working hours compared with different specialties [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. According to(Alsubai et al) sex also influences specialty choice[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther important considerations include the growing demand for radiologists within modern healthcare systems, as radiology is a critical tool for diagnosis and management in different diseases and different fields, placing radiology at the center of modern medical practice.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStill, there are multiple obstacles for medical students to choose radiology, either personal or related to the lack of opportunities to get the specialty. This underscores the necessity of focused research into the variables that influence students\u0026rsquo; interest in this area[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Many studies questioned this and found that intellectual and technical challenges, a positive work environment, and a better lifestyle all played encouraging factors for medical students to choose radiology as a specialty. In contrast, less patient contact and poor radiology rotation in medical school were found to discourage medical students from choosing radiology as a specialty[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe future of radiology is affected by technology and artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence applications in radiology are more than image interpretation; they also support clinical decisions, help in reporting, and structure workflow, emphasizing how radiology is a field that is continuously changing and guided by technology.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA recent cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia by Almuhanna et al (2025) found that the main factors influencing medical students' interest in diagnostic radiology were work environment, intellectual challenge, lifestyle factors, and work\u0026ndash; life balance. In contrast, less contact with patients and medical students\u0026rsquo; worries about radiation exposure were discouraging. The authors of this study point to the lack of institutional and regional research on this subject, underscoring the importance of further study in different geographic and cultural contexts [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] .\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilarly, a study conducted in 2020 reported that a lack of awareness and misconceptions about radiation exposure were significant barriers to pursuing diagnostic radiology; greater exposure and awareness, particularly regarding interventional radiology, were associated with increased interest in the field. The study further emphasized the need for region-specific research in comparable healthcare and educational contexts [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Palestine, research studying factors influencing medical students\u0026rsquo; decisions to choose radiology as a specialty is still limited. Specialty choices of Palestinian medical students may be influenced by multiple factors, for example, clinical exposure opportunities, availability of imaging technologies, and recognition of radiology\u0026rsquo;s importance in healthcare. Therefore, in our study, we aim to investigate the factors influencing specialty selection among Palestinian medical students, identify factors affecting interest in diagnostic radiology, and provide evidence-based data to inform educational strategies and future workforce planning in radiology.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStudy design and settings\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA multi-institutional cross-sectional study was conducted in this study to evaluate factors influencing the choice of diagnostic radiology as a future specialty among Palestinian medical students. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire and recruited medical students from the second through sixth academic years and medical interns from all accredited medical schools in Palestine (West Bank and Gaza Strip).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy Population, inclusion and exclusion criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe target population included undergraduate medical students in their second through sixth academic years from all Palestinian medical faculties and medical interns who graduated from Palestinian medical schools. All eligible medical students in medical college, irrespective of their university affiliation, were able to participate. They were required to give voluntary informed consent. First-year students, students from non-medical or other health-related faculties, those studying medicine outside Palestine, and individuals who declined consent or submitted incomplete questionnaires were excluded. As such, this approach aimed to improve the quality of data and the broad representation of academic levels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSample size and sampling techniques\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA minimum of 384 participants was the required sample size, which was calculated using OpenEpi utilizing a 95% confidence level, 5% margin of error, and an estimated proportion of 0.5. To account for potential non-responders, 12% were added; our target was 431 medical students and interns. A non-probability convenience sampling approach was used, distributing the questionnaire via WhatsApp, Facebook, and Telegram, whereby the questionnaire was distributed to medical students across all academic years. Representation from different academic levels was achieved through the broad dissemination of the survey link, without pre-specified quotas for each year.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy tool, validity, and reliability\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStudy tool and questionnaire development\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe data collection tool was a previously validated, self-administered online questionnaire adapted from a previously published study by Almuhanna et al. (2025), which assessed factors influencing medical students\u0026rsquo; choice of diagnostic radiology as a specialty at the College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University. Potential sources of bias, including voluntary response bias and limitations in self-reported data, were considered during analysis and interpretation. The original instrument underwent formal validation, including assessment of content validity and internal consistency. In the present study, the questionnaire was used without modification; therefore, no additional pilot testing or reliability analysis was performed.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwo additional items were added to explore both cognitive and spatial correlation, and how they could influence the student\u0026rsquo;s choice to pursue radiology, relevant to the local educational context. These items were developed based on a focused literature review and expert input. As the core structure of the original validated questionnaire was preserved, no additional pilot testing or full-scale reliability analysis was performed; the added items were analyzed descriptively and exploratorily.\u0026rdquo; Reporting of this study follows the STROBE guidelines for observational studies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eVariable definitions\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStudy variables\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThere were many variables in the study to assess the influencing factors on medical students\u0026rsquo; intention to choose diagnostic radiology as a specialty. Demographics, academic level, exposure to radiology, perceptions of radiology practice, perceived impact of artificial intelligence, and cognitive and personal factors affecting career choice were independent variables. The intention to select diagnostic radiology as a future medical specialty was the primary variable measured using a binary (yes/no) response, as defined in the questionnaire. The authors extended upon the initial questionnaire, including themes emerging beyond the original instrument, by devising additional items focused on cognitive and personal influences, guided by current literature and the evolving role of cognitive processes in radiology decision-making.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe final questionnaire covered the following domains:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDemographic characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCurrent specialty interests\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExposure to radiology\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical students\u0026rsquo; perception and awareness of the radiologists\u0026rsquo; role\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFactors influencing preference for diagnostic radiology\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArtificial intelligence, technology, and the future of radiology\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCognitive and personal influences on interest in radiology\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOperational definitions and standardized measures were applied across variables to ensure consistent data collection and interpretation, thereby enhancing the transparency and reproducibility of the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eData were collected by exporting it through the online survey platform, which was analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 27.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics and study variables using frequencies and percentages. Bivariate associations between categorical variables and considering radiology as a future specialty were assessed using Pearson\u0026rsquo;s chi-square test or Fisher\u0026rsquo;s exact test, as appropriate. Variables with a p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.20 in bivariate analysis, along with clinically relevant factors, were entered into a multivariable binary logistic regression model to identify independent predictors of considering radiology as a future specialty. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported. Model fit was assessed using the Omnibus test, Hosmer\u0026ndash;Lemeshow test, and pseudo-R\u0026sup2; statistics. A p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Missing data were handled using a complete-case analysis approach. Participants with incomplete responses for variables included in the multivariable logistic regression model were excluded from the adjusted analysis. No imputation techniques were applied, as the proportion of missing data was deemed acceptable for exploratory analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical considerations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval \u003cstrong\u003ewas obtained\u003c/strong\u003e from the appropriate institutional review board at Arab American University under the archived number \u0026ldquo;J-2025/A/67/N\u0026rdquo;. Google Form informed consent was obtained from all participants, and confidentiality and anonymity were strictly maintained.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003ch2\u003eDescriptive Data Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipant recruitment and inclusion are summarized in Figure 1. Of the 436 medical students invited to participate, 427 completed the survey. The sample was predominantly female (242 of 427, 56.7%). Most participants were single (416 of 427, 97.4%). The students\u0026rsquo; ages ranged from 18 to 30 years, with a mean age of 21.75 years. The majority of students were from the Arab American University (217 of 427, 50.8%).\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 3: Flow diagram of participant recruitment, inclusion, and final analytical sample in the cross-sectional study.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding monthly income, 228 students (53.4%) reported earning less than 2,500 NIS, whereas 85 students (19.9%) reported earning more than 5,000 NIS. The primary sources of income were family support, scholarships, and part-time work. Table 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll the socio-demographic and academic characteristics of participants have no significant association with choosing radiology as a future specialty.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCurrent Specialty Interest:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf the 247 (56.7%) students interested in a particular specialty at this stage, 138 (32.3%) were interested in medicine, 139 (32.6%) in surgery, and 150 (35.1%) in both specialties. The most preferred specialties were internal medicine (12.4%), general surgery (11.2%), cardiac surgery (11.0%), dermatology (7.3%), and neurosurgery (6.7%). The participants\u0026apos; interest has no significant association with choosing radiology as a future specialty. (Figure1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 1 Distribution of preferred medical specialties among participating students.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong the 300 valid responses, only 102 participants (34.0%) reported the intention of pursuing radiology as a future specialty, whereas 198 participants (66.0%) did not have such an intention. \u0026nbsp;Figure 2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 2 Proportion of students considering diagnostic radiology as a future specialty.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding the factors influencing medical students\u0026rsquo; choice of specialty, 67.7% chose the work/life balance, followed by income potentials or future earnings (66.5%), (65.8%) diversity within the field, (65.1%) working environment, and relationships. Current exposure/knowledge of the field (59.3%), (58.5%) status of the specialty, and interest in acute patient management (57.4%). Table 2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociation between considering radiology as a future specialty and categorical variables:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudents\u0026rsquo; intention to choose radiology as a future specialty was significantly associated with multiple factors. Greater knowledge of patient management (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.04), current exposure to or knowledge of the radiology field (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.011), and perceived work\u0026ndash;life balance (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001) were associated with an increased likelihood of considering radiology. In contrast, stronger family expectations (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.008), mentor or role-model influence (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.01), and concerns regarding potential litigation and legal issues (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.01) were associated with a decreased likelihood of choosing radiology. Table 3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExposure to Radiology\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong participants with valid responses, the majority reported some exposure to radiology (300 of 427, 70.3%). However, formal or structured exposure was limited. The nature of exposure was mostly through preclinical radiology lectures (68.4%). Only 11.2% reported involvement in radiology-related research, 9.4% had attended radiology conferences, and 8.0% participated in radiology-related group events. The lowest level of exposure was observed for clinical radiology rotations, with only 4.4% of students reporting completion of a clinical rotation, while 23.4% reported undertaking a radiology elective. Table 4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociation between considering radiology as a future specialty and exposure to radiology modalities:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExposure-related factors were significantly associated with students\u0026rsquo; intention to choose radiology as a future specialty. Students who reported \u003cstrong\u003eany exposure to radiology\u003c/strong\u003e, attendance at \u003cstrong\u003epreclinical radiology lectures\u003c/strong\u003e, participation in \u003cstrong\u003eradiology-related research\u003c/strong\u003e, and completion of a \u003cstrong\u003eradiology elective\u003c/strong\u003e were significantly more likely to consider radiology as a future career compared with those without such exposure. (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.003, 0.003, \u0026lt; 0.01 , \u0026lt; 0.01 )Table 5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerceptions and Awareness of Radiologists\u0026rsquo; Role\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe majority of students agreed that radiologists play an important role in diagnosis and management (92.5%). Awareness of the distinction between a radiologist and a radiographer was reported by 62.5% of participants. The majority (85.2%) identified radiologists as responsible for diagnosing patients (85.2%) and directing radiographers in optimizing imaging parameters (77.5%). A large proportion also recognized radiologists\u0026rsquo; responsibility for radiation protection during X-ray or CT examinations (74.0%) and their role in performing conventional radiographic examinations (71.9%). Approximately half of the respondents reported that radiologists meet with patients (52.9%) and perform surgical or interventional procedures (44.7%), while fewer perceived radiologists as providing direct medical treatment (37.2%) or direct surgical treatment (41.7%). Table 6\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociation between considering radiology as a future specialty and perceptions of the radiologist\u0026rsquo;s role:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudents\u0026rsquo; perceptions of the radiologist\u0026rsquo;s role were associated with their intention to consider radiology as a future specialty. Awareness of the distinction between a radiologist and a radiographer was more common among students considering radiology (70.6%) compared with those not considering the specialty (61.1%). Students considering radiology were also more likely to perceive radiologists as providing direct surgical treatment (53.9% vs. 38.9%) and as performing surgical or interventional procedures (62.7% vs. 43.4%) compared with those not considering radiology. Table 7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadiology career preferences and associated reasons among medical students\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedical students\u0026rsquo; reasons for preferring radiology as a future specialty included minimal patient contact (54.6%), a broad and varied knowledge base (47.3%), and competitive training (33.7%). Concerns related to radiation exposure (33.3%), an appealing physics or technology component (31.6%), and strong interest in the specialty (31.6%) were also commonly reported. Conversely, among students not selecting radiology, the most frequently reported reasons were greater interest in another specialty (70.3%), lack of interest in performing the same tasks continuously (69.1%), and concerns regarding radiation exposure (63.2%). Additional deterrents included minimal patient contact (46.6%), a perceived lack of variety within the specialty (42.9%), competitive training (41.9%), excessive patient interaction (28.1%), and knowing a radiologist (26.0%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding the preference between diagnostic and interventional radiology, a greater proportion of students expressed interest in interventional radiology (30.7%) compared with diagnostic radiology (17.3%), while 17.3% were equally interested in both; however, 34.7% reported being unsure. Table 8\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociation between considering radiology as a future specialty and attitudinal factors:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudents\u0026rsquo; intention to consider radiology as a future specialty was significantly associated with multiple attitudinal and interpersonal factors. A markedly higher proportion of students considering radiology reported strong interest in the specialty and perceived radiology as offering extensive knowledge and competitive training opportunities compared with those not considering radiology (all \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001). Awareness of radiation risk was also significantly associated with specialty choice (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.014).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreferences related to patient interaction showed significant associations. Students considering radiology were more likely to report that excessive patient interaction influenced their career considerations (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.001), while preference for minimal patient contact was also significantly associated with considering radiology (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.015). In addition, personal exposure to the field through knowing a radiologist was significantly associated with considering radiology as a future specialty (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001). Table 9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most influential factors in choosing radiology as a future specialty were lifestyle (57.8%), impact on patient care (52.2%), work environment (50.1%), intellectual challenges (43.8%), degree of patient contact (42.4%), procedures (41.5%), and job market (40.5%). The least important factors were participation in recruitment events (26.2%) , participation in live didactic lectures (27.4%), and involvement in a professional radiology organization (28.3%). Table 10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral perceived career-related factors were significantly associated with students\u0026rsquo; intention to consider radiology as a future specialty. Lifestyle showed a strong association, with students who rated lifestyle as \u0026ldquo;very important\u0026rdquo; being more likely to consider radiology (p=0.001). Compensation was also significantly associated with specialty consideration (, p=0.002), as were perceptions regarding the impact of radiology on patient care (p=0.012). Educational and experiential factors played an important role. The perceived importance of radiological experience was significantly associated with considering radiology (p=0.002), as was the importance placed on procedural involvement (p=0.021). Students who valued technological knowledge were more likely to consider radiology (p=0.037), highlighting the specialty\u0026rsquo;s technical appeal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWorkplace-related perceptions, including work environment (p=0.020) and interaction with residents (p=0.002), were also significantly associated with radiology preference. Additionally, the perceived importance of research involvement showed a significant relationship with considering radiology as a future specialty (p=0.031). Collectively, these findings indicate that lifestyle, financial considerations, educational exposure, and professional environment are key determinants influencing medical students\u0026rsquo; interest in radiology. Table 11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAI, T\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eechnology \u0026amp; Future\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eof\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadiology\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology, the majority of participants agreed that AI would enhance radiologists\u0026rsquo; capabilities and improve efficiency (60.0%). However, nearly one-third of respondents agreed that AI would replace radiologists within their lifetime (32.1%). In addition, 40.0% of participants believed that the impact of AI alone would reduce the number of radiologists needed in the future. Despite these concerns, more than half of the respondents agreed that radiologists should embrace artificial intelligence and collaborate with the information technology industry to facilitate its implementation in clinical practice (54.8%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen asked whether an introduction to tele-radiology would influence their choice of radiology as a future specialty, 34.0% of participants reported that it would influence their decision, whereas 23.7% indicated that it would not. A substantial proportion of respondents (42.4%) were uncertain about the potential influence of tele-radiology on their specialty choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerceptions regarding the influence of tele-radiology were significantly associated with students\u0026rsquo; intention to consider radiology as a future specialty (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001). A substantially higher proportion of students considering radiology reported that an introduction to tele-radiology would influence their career choice compared with those not considering radiology (56.9% vs. 24.2%). Conversely, students not considering radiology were more likely to report that tele-radiology would not influence their choice (34.8% vs. 14.7%) or that they were uncertain about its influence (40.9% vs. 28.4%). Table 12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCognitive \u0026amp; Personal Influences on Radiology Interest \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding cognitive and perceptual skills relevant to radiology, confidence in visual\u0026ndash;spatial skills was significantly associated with considering radiology as a future specialty, with students reporting confidence in these skills demonstrating higher odds of interest in radiology (p = 0.005). In contrast, although a majority of respondents believed that visual\u0026ndash;spatial skills are important for a radiology career (63.0%), this perception was not significantly associated with specialty choice (p = 0.234). Enjoyment of diagnostic problem-solving tasks was reported by 63.0% of participants; however, this factor did not reach statistical significance in relation to considering radiology as a future specialty (p = 0.081). Notably, students who reported that diagnostic problem-solving increased the appeal of radiology were significantly more likely to consider radiology as a future specialty (p \u0026lt; 0.001).Table 13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with considering radiology as a future specialty. Of the 300 participants with valid outcome data, 267 (89.0%) had complete covariate data and were included in the multivariable model using a complete-case approach. Approximately 11% of eligible cases were excluded due to missing covariate data. No imputation techniques were applied. Variables with a p-value \u0026le; 0.20 in bivariate analyses, along with variables deemed clinically relevant, were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe overall model was statistically significant (Omnibus \u0026chi;\u0026sup2;(11) = 44.13, p \u0026lt; 0.001) and demonstrated acceptable explanatory power (Cox \u0026amp; Snell R\u0026sup2; = 0.152; Nagelkerke R\u0026sup2; = 0.211). Model calibration was adequate, as indicated by a non-significant Hosmer\u0026ndash;Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (\u0026chi;\u0026sup2;(8) = 5.12, p = 0.745). Using a classification cut-off of 0.50, the model correctly classified 71.2% of cases, with high specificity (91.0%) and modest sensitivity (32.2%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter adjustment for potential confounders, \u003cstrong\u003eexposure to radiology-related research\u003c/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eexposure to preclinical radiology lectures\u003c/strong\u003e remained independently associated with considering radiology as a future specialty. Students without exposure to radiology research had significantly lower odds of considering radiology compared with those who had research exposure (OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.06\u0026ndash;0.34, p \u0026lt; 0.001). Similarly, students without exposure to preclinical radiology lectures had lower odds of considering radiology compared with those exposed (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.12\u0026ndash;0.54, p \u0026lt; 0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYear of study was not significant overall (p = 0.289); however, one academic year category demonstrated significantly higher odds of considering radiology compared with the reference group (OR = 4.11, 95% CI 1.05\u0026ndash;16.01, p = 0.042). Additionally, students who reported enjoying diagnostic problem-solving tasks were significantly more likely to consider radiology as a future specialty (OR = 3.35, 95% CI 1.39\u0026ndash;8.09, p = 0.007).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, self-perceived visual\u0026ndash;spatial ability and beliefs regarding the importance of visual\u0026ndash;spatial skills were not independently associated with specialty choice in the adjusted model. Likewise, GPA, perceived work\u0026ndash;life balance, and mentor or role-model influence were not statistically significant predictors (all p \u0026gt; 0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotably, \u003cstrong\u003eexposure to tele-radiology as an introduction to the field\u003c/strong\u003e was independently associated with increased odds of considering radiology as a future specialty (OR = 3.96, 95% CI 1.72\u0026ndash;9.12, p = 0.001). Table 14\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eRadiology has a main role in medical practice, playing a critical role in diagnosis, disease monitoring, and interventional management across almost all clinical specialties. Despite the rapid expansion of its clinical and technological aspects, recruitment into radiology remains challenging in many regions, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. In Palestine, uncertainty concerning training pathways, insufficient undergraduate exposure, and understanding the radiologist\u0026apos;s role may influence career decision-making. Our study provides an insight into Palestinian medical students\u0026rsquo; knowledge, perception, and intention regarding radiology as a future specialty, offering an evidence-based reference for understanding factors that may affect specialty choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWork\u0026ndash;life balance, income, and diversity within the field were the most frequently reported determinants of specialty preference. These findings are broadly consistent with previous studies in Ireland and Saudi Arabia, which identified work environment, exposure, and lifestyle factors as key influences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the present study, lifestyle, perceived impact on patient care, and work environment were the strongest radiology-specific motivators [10,12,14]. \u0026nbsp; Unlike some prior reports, financial incentives were not independently associated with specialty consideration, suggesting that stability and professional fulfillment may outweigh income expectations in this context. [12,14].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe found the introduction of tele-radiology could positively influence the student\u0026rsquo;s intention to consider radiology as their future specialty, \u0026nbsp;given the newly expanding practices, including remote work services and technological advancement that have been introduced to radiology [15]. Further investigations are required to examine the tele-radiology effect on the students\u0026rsquo; career considerations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo significant gender differences were observed, contrasting with some international findings suggesting a higher male preference for radiology. The year of study was also not independently associated with specialty choice, highlighting potential contextual differences in exposure and career development pathways. [12,14]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA literature review by Levaillant et al. (2020) mentioned the regionally variant most influential factors in terms of specialty choice for medical students, which are work-life balance, their interest in the field, and academic background. [16] The importance of students\u0026rsquo; engagement, lifestyle balance, commitment to patient care, and mentor effect were found by (Yang et al., 2019) as important determinants in subspecialty choice. [17] These outside research results emphasize the crucial role of personal preferences in specialty selection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Interest in another specialty was the main reason for not choosing radiology. While the previous literature found that concerns about radiation exposure are a discouraging factor [10,12], our results are consistent with those of Lynch et al. (2022), who found that these concerns influence the students\u0026rsquo; choice of radiology, which was attributed to their greater awareness and interest in radiation protection rather than discouraging them. This disagreement calls for more studies to understand students\u0026rsquo; perceptions and the motivations behind these preferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe misunderstanding of artificial intelligence (AI) concepts may mislead the students\u0026rsquo; influence on specialty choice [18]; therefore, many studies have called for more research to explore how AI could affect the specialty choice of medical students [18,14]. Emerging evidence from human-centered AI research suggests that generative AI in radiology is perceived as both an educational opportunity and a source of professional uncertainty. Such dual perceptions may shape specialty attractiveness among medical students, particularly in contexts where exposure to AI literacy is limited.[10]. These concerns appeared to reflect fears of replacement rather than recognition of AI as a supportive clinical tool, consistent with mixed findings in previous studies [12]. These dissimilar results highlight the need for educational efforts to clarify the actual role of AI in radiology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur study aims to assess the factors that influence Palestinian medical students\u0026apos; interest in radiology. Early exposure, perceptions of work-life balance, radiologist role awareness, and engagement in diagnostic problem-solving activities were associated with greater interest in the field; however, family expectations and concerns related to medico-legal issues appeared to discourage students.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn interpreting these findings, it is evident that both educational experiences and personal perceptions play important roles in shaping students\u0026rsquo; attitudes toward radiology. Based on these results, targeted educational and mentoring strategies -such as well \u0026ndash;structured radiology curricula, diverse intellectual opportunities, addressing radiation and litigation concerns, and clarifying the radiologist\u0026rsquo;s role are recommended to support and encourage greater student engagement in radiology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eLimitations and strengths of the study\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations\u003c/strong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study has several limitations. First, the use of an online survey distributed through social media platforms may have introduced selection bias, as participation was voluntary and dependent on internet access and engagement. Second, self-reported responses may be subject to recall bias and social desirability bias. Third, although the sample size was adequate and included multiple institutions, generalizability beyond the Palestinian context may be limited. Finally, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference, and no follow-up was conducted to assess whether expressed interest translated into actual specialty selection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStrength\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA major strength of this study is the inclusion of medical students from multiple universities and academic levels across Palestine, enhancing the representativeness of the sample and strengthening the internal validity of the findings.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003ePalestinian medical students\u0026rsquo; interest in radiology is influenced by educational exposure, cognitive engagement with diagnostic problem-solving, and perceptions of work\u0026ndash;life balance, but not by demographic characteristics. The key modifiable factor associated with increased consideration of radiology as a future specialty was early academic exposure, particularly preclinical teaching, research involvement, and elective experiences. On the other hand, concerns related to medico-legal issues, radiation exposure, and misconceptions about the radiologist\u0026rsquo;s role remain important deterrents. These findings highlight the need for targeted undergraduate radiology curricula, structured clinical exposure, and mentorship initiatives within Palestinian medical schools to improve awareness, correct misconceptions, strengthen recruitment into this essential and evolving specialty, and provide recommendations to increase available residency positions in radiology programs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Arab American University (IRB approval number: J-2025/A/67/N). Electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to completing the online questionnaire. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality and anonymity were strictly maintained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial registration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to institutional regulations and participant confidentiality but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research received no external funding.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIA contributed to data collection, methodology development, drafting the discussion, and preparation of the strengths and limitations sections. RA contributed to data collection, drafting the introduction and abstract, reference management, and manuscript formatting. JQ performed data coding and statistical analysis and drafted the results section. MA and JKH supervised the study, contributed to study conception and design, critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content, and approved the final version for submission. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors sincerely thank all medical students who participated in this study. The authors also acknowledge the Arab American University for administrative support.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMcManus IC, Livingston G, Katona C. The attractions of medicine: the generic motivations of medical school applicants in relation to demography, personality and achievement. 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Front Educ. 2025;10:1517116. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.3389/feduc.2025.1517116\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3389/feduc.2025.1517116\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSocio-demographic and academic characteristics of participants (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;427)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" 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\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMarried\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDivorced\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMonthly income (NIS)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2,500\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e228\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e53.4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2,500\u0026ndash;5,000\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e114\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e26.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5,000\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e85\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e19.9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePrimary source of income\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFamily support\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e391\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e91.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eScholarship\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e18\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePart-time work\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYear of study\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2nd year\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e64\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3rd year\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e89\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20.8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4th year\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e73\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5th year\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e79\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e18.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6th year\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e92\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIntern\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e30\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eUniversity\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eArab American University (AAUP)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e217\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e50.8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAn-Najah National University (NNU)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e105\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAl-Quds University\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePalestine Polytechnic University\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHebron University\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWashington University\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eUniversity Gaza\u0026apos;s Universities\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGrade Point Average (GPA)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAcceptable\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGood\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e144\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e37.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVery good\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e238\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e61.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFactors Influencing Medical Students\u0026rsquo; Choice of Specialty\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFactor influencing specialty choice\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003en (%)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWork\u0026ndash;life balance\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e67.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIncome potential / future earning\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e66.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDiversity within the field\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e65.8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWorking environment and relationships\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e65.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCurrent exposure / knowledge of the field\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e59.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eStatus of the specialty\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e58.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eInterest in acute patient management\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e57.4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eExtent of patient contact\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e56.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLength of training\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e54.8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCompetition for training scheme\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e51.8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAcademic examination results\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e47.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMentor / role-model influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e46.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePotential litigation / legal issues\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e40.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFamily expectations\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e36.8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFactors influencing consideration of radiology as a future specialty (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;300)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFactor\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eInfluence level\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNot considering radiology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eConsidering radiology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;102)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eP value\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eExtent of patient contact\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e39 (19.7)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e12 (11.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.040\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMinor influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e51 (25.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e36 (35.3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eModerate influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e80 (40.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e32 (31.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eStrong influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e28 (14.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e22 (21.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFamily expectations\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e70 (35.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e19 (18.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.008\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMinor influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55 (27.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e45 (44.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eModerate influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e53 (26.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e26 (25.5)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eStrong influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20 (10.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e12 (11.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCurrent exposure / knowledge\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29 (14.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8 (7.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.011\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMinor influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e44 (22.2)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e40 (39.2)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eModerate influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e86 (43.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34 (33.3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eStrong influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e39 (19.7)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20 (19.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWork\u0026ndash;life balance\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e19 (9.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3 (2.9)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMinor influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e42 (21.2)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e44 (43.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eModerate influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e77 (38.9)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e26 (25.5)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eStrong influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e60 (30.3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29 (28.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMentor / role-model influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e48 (24.2)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14 (13.7)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.01\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMinor influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55 (27.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e46 (45.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eModerate influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e66 (33.3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33 (32.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eStrong influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29 (14.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9 (8.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePotential litigation / legal issues\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e58 (29.3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17 (16.7)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.03\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMinor influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e60 (30.3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e46 (45.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eModerate influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e58 (29.3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e26 (25.5)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eStrong influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e22 (11.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13 (12.7)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMedial Students\u0026rsquo; Exposure and Experience to Radiology Specialty.\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCategory\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003en\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e%\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTo date, have you had any exposure to radiology?\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e300\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e70.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e127\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHave you attended pre-clinical radiology lectures?\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e292\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e68.4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e135\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e31.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHave you participated in radiology-related research?\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e48\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11.2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e379\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e88.8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHave you attended radiology conferences?\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e40\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e387\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e90.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHave you participated in radiology group events?\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e393\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e92.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHave you completed a clinical rotation in radiology?\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e19\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e408\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e95.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHave you taken an elective rotation in radiology?\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e100\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e23.4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e327\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e76.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWhy did you engage in radiology-related experience?\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo prior experience\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e147\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34.4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eConsidering radiology as a specialty choice\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e51\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11.9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTo expand exposure to radiology, particularly clinical exposure\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e52\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e12.2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNot choosing radiology as a specialty, but recognizing its importance\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e177\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e41.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDid your experience influence your career decision?\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eToward radiology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e81\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e52.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAway from radiology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e72\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e46.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePerceived adequacy of exposure to radiology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eToo little\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e130\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e44.2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eJust right\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e144\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e49.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eToo much\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAssociation between radiology exposure modalities and considering radiology as a future specialty (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;300)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCategory\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNot considering\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eradiology (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eConsidering\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eradiology (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;102)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ep-value\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eAny exposure to radiology\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e69 (34.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e19 (18.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.003\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e129 (65.2)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e83 (81.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePre-clinical radiology lectures\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e74 (37.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21 (20.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.003\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e124 (62.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e81 (79.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eRadiology-related research\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e185 (93.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e76 (74.5)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13 (6.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e26 (25.5)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eRadiology elective\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e160 (80.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e58 (56.9)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e38 (19.2)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e44 (43.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMedical students\u0026rsquo; perceptions and Awareness of Radiologist\u0026rsquo;s Role.\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCategory\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003en\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e%\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eRadiologists play an important role in diagnosis and management\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAgree\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e395\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e92.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDisagree\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNeither agree nor disagree\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eAwareness of the difference between a radiologist and a radiographer\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e267\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e62.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e74\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNot sure\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e86\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"7\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eRadiologists role\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDiagnose patients\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e364\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e85.2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDirect medical treatment\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e159\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e37.2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDirect surgical treatment\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e178\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e41.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMeet with patients\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e226\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e52.9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePerform surgical procedures\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e191\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e44.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePerform conventional X-ray/radiographic examinations\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e307\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e71.9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDirect radiographers in optimizing imaging parameters\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e331\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e77.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eResponsible for radiation protection during X-ray or CT examinations\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e316\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e74.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAssociation between perceptions of the radiologist\u0026rsquo;s role and considering radiology as a future specialty (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;300)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCategory\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNot considering radiology (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eConsidering radiology (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;102)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ep-value\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eAwareness of the difference between a radiologist and a radiographer\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e37 (18.7)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21 (20.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.041\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e121 (61.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e72 (70.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNot sure\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e40 (20.2)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9 (8.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eRadiologists provide direct surgical treatment\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e121 (61.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e47 (46.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.013\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e77 (38.9)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55 (53.9)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eRadiologists perform surgical procedures\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e112 (56.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e38 (37.3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.002\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e86 (43.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e64 (62.7)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRadiology career preferences and associated reasons among medical students\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCategory\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003en\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e%\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eConsidering radiology as a future specialty\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e102\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e23.9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e198\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e46.4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNot sure\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e127\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eLikelihood of choosing interventional radiology after completing radiology residency\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVery unlikely\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e64\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eUnlikely\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e80\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e18.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNot sure\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e202\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e47.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLikely\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e60\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVery likely\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eInterest between diagnostic and interventional radiology\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMore interested in interventional radiology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e131\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e30.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMore interested in diagnostic radiology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e74\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEqually interested\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e74\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eUnsure\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e148\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"7\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eReasons for selecting radiology as a specialty\u003c/span\u003e:\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMinimal patient contact\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e233\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e54.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVery varied/extensive knowledge\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e202\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e47.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCompetitive training\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e144\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRisk of radiation exposure\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e142\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePhysics/technology component is appealing\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e135\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e31.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVery interested in the specialty\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e135\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e31.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eI know a radiologist\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e122\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e28.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eToo much patient interaction\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e90\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eReasons for not selecting radiology as a specialty\u003c/span\u003e:\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eInterested in another specialty\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e300\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e70.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eInteresting, but do not want to do ti all the time\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e295\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e69.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRisk of radiation exposure\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e270\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e63.2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMinimal patient contact\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e199\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e46.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePhysics/technology component is not appealing\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e183\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e42.9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNot varied enough\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e183\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e42.9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCompetitive training\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e179\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e41.9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eToo much patient interaction\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e120\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e28.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eI know a radiologist\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e111\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e26.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAssociation between attitudinal factors and considering radiology as a future specialty (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;300)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCategory\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNot considering radiology (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eConsidering\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eradiology (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;102)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ep-value\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eVery interested in the specialty\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e176 (88.9)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e19 (18.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e22 (11.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e83 (81.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eMinimal patient contact\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e128 (64.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15 (14.7)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e70 (35.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e87 (85.3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eToo much patient interaction\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e165 (83.3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e70 (68.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.003\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33 (16.7)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e32 (31.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eRadiation risk\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e137 (69.2)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e56 (54.9)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.014\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e61 (30.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e46 (45.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eCompetitive training\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e151 (76.3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e47 (46.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e47 (23.7)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55 (53.9)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eExtensive knowledge\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e147 (74.2)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20 (19.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e51 (25.8)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e82 (80.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eKnowing a radiologist\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e155 (78.3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e53 (52.0)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e43 (21.7)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e49 (48.0)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab10\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 10\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFactors Influencing Medical Students\u0026rsquo; Choice of Radiology as a Future Specialty\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFactor\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003en (%)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLifestyle\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e57.8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eImpact on patient care\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e52.2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWork environment\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e50.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIntellectual challenges\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e43.8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDegree of patient contact\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e42.4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eProcedures\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e41.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eJob market\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e40.5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eExperience on radiology rotations/ elective \u0026hellip;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e39.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eExperience with radiology during a non- radiology rotations/ elective \u0026hellip;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e38.6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAdvanced / cutting edge technology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e37.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCompensation\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e37.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRole Models\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34.4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eShadowing a radiologist\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e32.1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRadiology residents\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e31.4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePhysics\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e30.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBeing involved in radiology research\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e30.0\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOnline curricula\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29.7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRadiology group interest\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBeing involved in professional radiology organizations\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e28.3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eParticipation in live didactic lectures\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e27.4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eParticipating in radiology events\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e26.2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab11\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 11\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAssociation between career choice factors and considering radiology as a future specialty (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;300)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFactor\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026chi;\u0026sup2; (df)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ep-value\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eImpact on patient care\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10.87 (3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.012\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCompensation\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.63 (3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.002\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLifestyle\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.84 (3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRadiological experience\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.93 (3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.002\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eProcedures\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.71 (3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.021\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNon-radiological experience\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8.37 (3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.039\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTechnological knowledge\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8.49 (3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.037\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWork environment\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.83 (3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.020\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eInteraction with residents\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15.00 (3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.002\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eResearch importance\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8.85 (3)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.031\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab12\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 12\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAssociation between AI influence and Tele-radiology exposure on considering radiology as a future specialty (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;300)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eItem\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNot considering radiology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;198), n (%)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eConsidering radiology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;102), n (%)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Italic\" class=\"Italic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e-value\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eArtificial intelligence will enhance radiologists\u0026rsquo; capabilities and efficiency\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e120 (60.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e54 (52.9)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.059\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eArtificial intelligence will replace radiologists in the future\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e72 (36.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e23 (22.5)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.034\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eArtificial intelligence will reduce the number of radiologists needed\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e90 (45.5)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29 (28.4)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.075\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRadiologists should embrace artificial intelligence and collaborate with industry for its implementation\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e120 (60.6)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e44 (43.1)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.043\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWould an early introduction to radiology influence your career choice?\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e48 (24.2)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e58 (56.9)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab13\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 13\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAssociation between cognitive and perceptual skills and considering radiology as a future specialty (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;300)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCognitive / perceptual factor\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003en (%)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ep-value\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eConfidence in visual\u0026ndash;spatial skills\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e171 (40.0%)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.005\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBelief that visual\u0026ndash;spatial skills are important for radiology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e269 (63.0%)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.234\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEnjoyment of diagnostic problem-solving tasks\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e269 (63.0%)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.081\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDiagnostic problem-solving increases appeal of radiology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e169 (39.6%)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab14\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 14\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMultivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Considering Radiology as a Future Specialty (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;267)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratio (OR)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e95% Confidence Interval\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ep-value\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo exposure to radiology research\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.14\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.06\u0026ndash;0.34\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo exposure to preclinical radiology lectures\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.26\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.12\u0026ndash;0.54\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYear of study (selected category vs reference)\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.11\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.05\u0026ndash;16.01\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.042\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEnjoyment of diagnostic problem-solving tasks\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.35\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.39\u0026ndash;8.09\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.007\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eExposure to Tele-radiology\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.96\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.72\u0026ndash;9.12\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.001\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSelf-perceived visual\u0026ndash;spatial ability\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBelief in importance of visual\u0026ndash;spatial skills\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGPA\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWork\u0026ndash;life balance influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMentor / role-model influence\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-medical-education","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"meed","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Medical Education](http://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/meed/default.aspx","title":"BMC Medical Education","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9015700/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9015700/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnderstanding factors influencing specialty choice is essential for workforce planning and curriculum development. Recruitment into radiology remains challenging in several regions, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. This study aimed to identify factors associated with Palestinian medical students\u0026rsquo; consideration of diagnostic radiology as a future specialty, with particular emphasis on educational exposure, perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI), and cognitive influences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA multi-institutional cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate factors influencing the choice of diagnostic radiology as a future specialty among Palestinian medical students between November 2025 and February 2026. Data were collected using a previously validated questionnaire adapted from Almuhanna et al. Descriptive statistics were performed, followed by bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of considering radiology as a future specialty. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 427 students participated (56.7% female; mean age 21.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1 years). Among 300 valid responses regarding radiology intention, 102 students (34.0%) reported considering radiology as a future specialty. In multivariable analysis, lack of exposure to radiology research (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.14, 95% CI 0.06\u0026ndash;0.34, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and lack of preclinical radiology teaching (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.26, 95% CI 0.12\u0026ndash;0.54, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) were independently associated with lower likelihood of considering radiology. Enjoyment of diagnostic problem-solving tasks (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.35, 95% CI 1.39\u0026ndash;8.09, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007) and exposure to tele-radiology (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.96, 95% CI 1.72\u0026ndash;9.12, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) were independently associated with higher likelihood. Lifestyle, impact on patient care, and work environment were the most frequently reported motivating factors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePalestinian medical students\u0026rsquo; interest in radiology is strongly associated with modifiable educational exposures, cognitive engagement in diagnostic reasoning, and perceptions of evolving technological practice. Structured undergraduate radiology exposure, research opportunities, and targeted mentorship may enhance recruitment into radiology in resource-limited settings.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eClinical trial registration\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Factors influencing the choice of diagnostic radiology as a specialty among medical students in Palestine: A cross-sectional study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-09 16:12:27","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9015700/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-03T11:25:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-10T05:10:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-03-06T08:51:37+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-03-06T08:48:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Medical Education","date":"2026-03-03T04:19:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-medical-education","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"meed","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Medical Education](http://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/meed/default.aspx","title":"BMC Medical Education","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d5c04cbf-abfb-4a69-a7ae-8074e9e03f9f","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 9th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-09T16:12:27+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-09 16:12:27","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9015700","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9015700","identity":"rs-9015700","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}