Direct Evidence for Cross-scale Energy Transfer in Mars’s Space

Direct Evidence for Cross-scale Energy Transfer in Mars’s Space | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Direct Evidence for Cross-scale Energy Transfer in Mars’s Space Zuzheng Chen, Mina Ma, Huishan Fu, Yuming Wang, Chenglong Shen, and 8 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8769808/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Like Earth’s space, the Martian space constitutes a collisionless plasma environment. Consequently, the cross-scale energy transfer inherent to the multi-scale nature of collisionless plasmas—a process widespread in Earth’s space—is theoretically expected in Martian space. However, direct evidence for cross-scale energy transfer driven by cross-scale wave-particle interaction—the new model established in Earth’s space—remains elusive in Martian space. Utilizing data from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) and Tianwen-1 spacecrafts, we present the definitive observational evidence for the existence of such process in Martian foreshock region. Fast magnetosonic waves drive enhancements of electron perpendicular energy at their crests through Betatron acceleration, producing a perpendicular temperature anisotropy of the 20–200 eV population to supply the free energy for the excitations of whistler-mode waves. This process constitutes a direct manifestation of energy cascade from ion down to electron scales. Our study discovers a shared process in the terrestrial and Martian space, a finding that can carry broad implications for understanding space environments across planetary systems. Physical sciences/Astronomy and planetary science/Space physics/Magnetospheric physics Physical sciences/Physics/Plasma physics/Astrophysical plasmas Physical sciences/Physics/Space physics/Magnetospheric physics Physical sciences/Physics/Space physics/Solar physics Earth and environmental sciences/Space physics/Magnetospheric physics Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementaryInformationCrossscaleEnergyTransferMarssSpace.pdf Supplementary Information for Cross-scale Energy Transfer in Mars's Space Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8769808","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":590191667,"identity":"d7e21ced-f49e-4000-a165-69159805a259","order_by":0,"name":"Zuzheng 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