Serous otitis media in children and its impact on hearing

Serous otitis media in children and its impact on hearing | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Serous otitis media in children and its impact on hearing Majed Abou Farraj, Diaa Haj Ali, Mouhammad Nabough AlAwa This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4607965/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Serous otitis media (SOM) is characterized by fluid collection behind the intact eardrum without signs and symptoms of general and local infection. The disease occurs especially in infants and early childhood. The prevalence of SOM varies between 2 and 18% in different studies. otitis media-related hearing loss may result in significant speech and language delay with impaired quality of life in childhood Research Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study (COHORT) was conducted On a random group of patients from April 2023 to January 2024. A paper questionnaire was conducted based on a review of patient files in the Clinics Department at Al-Mouwasat University Hospital. Accordingly, the questionnaire was filled out and the data was reviewed under the supervision of the research supervisor. Results Symptoms varied among the sample members, 20of whom had exoserosis, at a rate of 28.5%. 14 (20%) had ear itching, while 24 had pain in the infected ear, at a rate of 34.2%. Adenoid enlargement was the most common disfunction that causes serous otitis media with a percentage of 70%. Treatment for all samples diagnosed with serous otitis media was either medicinal treatment using nasal drops in addition to ear drops in the event of a serous discharge from the affected ear, surgical treatment by installing a ventilation tube, or surgical treatment of the cause of the obstruction. Finally, 55.8% of children developed hearing loss and 44.2% did not Conclusion It is necessary not to neglect any child suspected of having serous otitis media, especially younger children, as the hearing ability of every child who has or has suffered from serous otitis media must be examined. It is also essential to ensure that ventilation tubes are in place during the treatment period because it is the most important means of prevention and maintaining the sense of hearing normally without being affected by the accumulation of serous fluid behind the tympanic membrane. serous otitis media children hearing Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Background Serous otitis media (SOM) is characterized by fluid collection behind the intact eardrum without signs and symptoms of general and local infection. The disease occurs especially in infants and early childhood. The prevalence of SOM varies between 2 and 18% in different studies [ 1 , 2 ]. The pathogenesis of otitis media (OM) is incompletely understood; however, there is evidence to support an association between otitis media and adenoid hypertrophy, either due to physical obstruction of the torus tuberous by an enlarged adenoid pad, or due to the latter harboring pathogenic biofilms [ 3 , 4 ]. otitis media-related hearing loss may result in significant speech and language delay with impaired quality of life in childhood [ 5 , 6 ]. Untreated OM can lead to serious complications or hearing impairment. Even though the prevalence of OM is decreasing in developed countries owing to the implementation of the universal vaccination program and the development of new antibiotics, OM remains a public health threat [ 7 ]. Research Materials and Methods Study design, setting, and participants A retrospective cohort study (COHORT) was conducted On a random group of patients from April 2023 to January 2024. The research approval (CV 8158) was given by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Al Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria. A paper questionnaire was conducted based on a review of patient files in the Clinics Department at Al-Mouwasat University Hospital. Accordingly, the questionnaire was filled out and the data was reviewed under the supervision of the research supervisor. The final sample size was 70 participants depending on the Raosoft site [8], with a confidence interval of 95%. Every participant has signed the informed consent. Inclusion criteria: - The sample included children who had serous otitis media - children aged between 1 day and 12 years - Patients from Damascus and rural Damascus governorates Exclusion criteria: - patients with other otitis media types were excluded - Patients outside the specified age range were excluded Ethics approval and consent to participate Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of Al Sham Private University, the necessary approval was provided to Al-Mouwasat University Hospital, and permission was obtained from the hospital to review patients’ files. Statistical Analysis: We used Excel 2010, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States). P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We relied on frequency, percentages, and graphs for categorical variables, meanwhile, for continuous variables, standard deviation, range, and median were used. For the statistical relationships, we used the Chi-square test (X2-test) Descriptive statistics consists of studying the data of the study variables and studying some statistics such as the arithmetic mean, median, and standard deviation Results 1- Sample distribution according to the Clinical symptoms Symptoms varied among the sample members, 20 of whom had exoserosis, at a rate of 28.5 %. 14 (20%) had ear itching, while 24 had pain in the infected ear, at a rate of 34.2% Finally, 47.1% suffered from Difficulty in hearing noticed by the parents. More detailed information about Sample distribution according to the Clinical symptoms is shown in (Table-1) Table-1: Clinical symptoms in sample patients with serous otitis media Clinical symptom n % Exoserosis 20 28.5% Itching 14 20% Pain 24 34.2% Difficulty in hearing 33 47.1% 2- Sample distribution according to the causes of serous otitis media Adenoid enlargement was the most common disfunction that causes serous otitis media with a percentage of 70%. The second most common cause was Allergic rhinitis in 14 (20%) patients, while Nasopharyngeal tumor was found in 5.7%, Chronic sinusitis in 4.2%, and cleft palate in only 1.4% (Table-2) and (Figure-1) shows detailed information about the Sample distribution according to the causes of serous otitis media Table-2: causes of serous otitis media causes of serous otitis media n % Adenoid enlargement 48 70% Allergic rhinitis 14 20% Nasopharyngeal tumor 4 5.7% Chronic sinusitis 3 4.2% Cleft palate 1 1.4% 3-Sample distribution according to the treatment method of serous otitis media Treatment for all samples diagnosed with serous otitis media was either medicinal treatment using nasal drops in addition to ear drops in the event of a serous discharge from the affected ear, surgical treatment by installing a ventilation tube, or surgical treatment of the cause of the obstruction. medicinal treatment 48 (68.6%) of the sample were treated using medicines, but the problem was that Recurrence is widespread in this type of treatment because it does not remove the cause of the blockage, so surgery must be resorted to surgical treatment 22 (31.4%) had surgical treatment, as (Table-3) and (Figure-2) show Table-3: treatment methods distribution of serous otitis media Treatment n % Medicines 48 68.6% Surgery 22 31.4% Total 70 100% 4-Sample distribution according to the development of hearing loss In this context, (Table-4) and (Figure-3) show that the two percentages were close, as 55.8% of children developed hearing loss and 44.2% did not Table-4: development of hearing loss among the study sample Hearing loss n % Developed 39 55.8% Did not 31 44.2% Total 70 100% Discussion The study included 70 samples, we found that Symptoms varied among the sample members, 20 of whom had exoserosis, at a rate of 28.5%, 14 (20%) had ear itching, 24 had pain in the infected ear, and 47.1% suffered from Difficulty in hearing noticed by the parents. Also, Adenoid enlargement was the most common dysfunction that causes serous otitis media with a percentage of 70%, Second most common cause was Allergic rhinitis in 14 (20%) patients, Nasopharyngeal tumor was found in 5.7%, Chronic sinusitis in 4.2%, and cleft palate in only 1.4% 68.6% of the patients were treated using medicines, and only 31.4% had surgical treatment. In the end, 55.8% of children developed hearing loss and 44.2% did not Limitations - A large number of files and the lack of sufficient information for study hindered the process of collecting cases - There are difficulties in accessing some files of patients admitted to hospital clinics Conclusion It is necessary not to neglect any child suspected of having serous otitis media, especially younger children, as the hearing ability of every child who has or has suffered from serous otitis media must be examined. It is also essential to ensure that ventilation tubes are in place during the treatment period because it is the most important means of prevention and maintaining the sense of hearing normally without being affected by the accumulation of serous fluid behind the tympanic membrane. Finally, the child should be reviewed by the ear clinic for follow-up of the condition or periodic examination. Declarations Acknowledgments Nile Declarations Availability of data and materials All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. The Corresponding author had full access to all of the data in this study and takes complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis Competing of Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This research received no specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. References Nick Black, The aetiology of glue ear—a case-control study, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 9, Issue 2, 1985, Pages 121-133, ISSN 0165-5876, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-5876(85)80012-4. Finn Rasmussen, Protracted secretory otitis media. The impact of familial factors and day-care center attendance, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 26, Issue 1, 1993, Pages 29-37, ISSN 0165-5876, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-5876(93)90193-7. Egeli E, Oghan F, Ozturk O, Harputluoglu U, Yazici B. Measuring the correlation between adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio (AN ratio) and tympanogram in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005 Feb;69(2):229-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.09.003. PMID: 15656957. Shiao AS, Guo YC. A comparison assessment of videotelescopy for diagnosis of pediatric otitis media with effusion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005 Nov;69(11):1497-502. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.03.041. Epub 2005 Sep 15. PMID: 16168494. Paradise JL, Campbell TF, Dollaghan CA, Feldman HM, Bernard BS, Colborn DK, Rockette HE, Janosky JE, Pitcairn DL, Kurs-Lasky M, Sabo DL, Smith CG. Developmental outcomes after early or delayed insertion of tympanostomy tubes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Aug 11;353(6):576-86. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa050406. PMID: 16093466; PMCID: PMC1201478. Biagio L, Swanepoel DW, Laurent C, Lundberg T. Paediatric otitis media at a primary healthcare clinic in South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2014 May 12;104(6):431-5. doi: 10.7196/samj.7534. PMID: 25214254. Fang TY, Rafai E, Wang PC, Bai CH, Jiang PL, Huang SN, Chen YJ, Chao YT, Wang CH, Chang CH. Pediatric otitis media in Fiji: Survey findings 2015. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun;85:50-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.04.001. Epub 2016 Apr 7. PMID: 27240496. http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. 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The disease occurs especially in infants and early childhood. The prevalence of SOM varies between 2 and 18% in different studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. The pathogenesis of otitis media (OM) is incompletely understood; however, there is evidence to support an association between otitis media and adenoid hypertrophy, either due to physical obstruction of the \u003cem\u003etorus tuberous\u003c/em\u003e by an enlarged adenoid pad, or due to the latter harboring pathogenic biofilms [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. otitis media-related hearing loss may result in significant speech and language delay with impaired quality of life in childhood [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUntreated OM can lead to serious complications or hearing impairment. Even though the prevalence of OM is decreasing in developed countries owing to the implementation of the universal vaccination program and the development of new antibiotics, OM remains a public health threat [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Research Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy design, setting, and participants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA retrospective cohort study (COHORT) was conducted On a random group of patients from April 2023 to January 2024. The research\u0026nbsp;approval (CV 8158) was given by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Al Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA paper questionnaire was conducted based on a review of patient files in the Clinics Department at\u0026nbsp;Al-Mouwasat University Hospital. Accordingly, the questionnaire was filled out and the data was reviewed under the supervision of the research supervisor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe final sample size was 70 participants depending on the Raosoft site [8], with a confidence interval of 95%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery participant has signed the informed consent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion criteria:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- The sample included children who had serous otitis media\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- children aged between 1 day and 12 years\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- Patients from Damascus and rural Damascus governorates\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusion criteria:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- patients with other otitis media types were excluded\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u0026nbsp;Patients outside the specified age range were excluded\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of\u0026nbsp;Al Sham Private University, the necessary approval was provided to\u0026nbsp;Al-Mouwasat University Hospital, and permission was obtained from the hospital to review patients’ files.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical Analysis:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe used Excel 2010, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States). P value \u0026lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We relied on frequency, percentages, and graphs for categorical variables, meanwhile, for continuous variables, standard deviation, range, and median were used. For the statistical relationships, we used the Chi-square test (X2-test)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics\u0026nbsp;consists of studying the data of the study variables and studying some statistics such as the arithmetic mean, median, and standard deviation\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1-\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample distribution according to the Clinical symptoms\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSymptoms varied among the sample members, \u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e of whom had exoserosis, at a rate of \u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e28.5\u003c/span\u003e%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14 (20%) had ear itching, while 24 had pain in the infected ear, at a rate of 34.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, 47.1% suffered from Difficulty in hearing noticed by the parents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore detailed information about Sample distribution according to the Clinical symptoms is shown in (Table-1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable-1:\u0026nbsp;Clinical symptoms in sample patients with serous otitis media\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical symptom\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExoserosis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItching\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePain\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficulty in hearing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2- Sample distribution according to the causes of serous otitis media\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdenoid enlargement was the most common disfunction that causes serous otitis media with a percentage of 70%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe second most common cause was Allergic rhinitis in 14 (20%) patients, while Nasopharyngeal\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003etumor\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003ewas found in 5.7%, Chronic sinusitis in 4.2%, and cleft palate in only 1.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Table-2) and (Figure-1) shows detailed information about the Sample distribution according to the causes of serous otitis media\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable-2: causes of serous otitis media\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecauses of serous otitis media\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdenoid enlargement\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAllergic rhinitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNasopharyngeal\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003etumor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChronic sinusitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCleft palate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3-Sample distribution according to the treatment method of serous otitis media\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTreatment for all samples diagnosed with serous otitis media was either medicinal treatment using nasal drops in addition to ear drops in the event of a serous discharge from the affected ear, surgical treatment by installing a ventilation tube, or surgical treatment of the cause of the obstruction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003emedicinal treatment\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e48 (68.6%) of the sample were treated using medicines, but the problem was that Recurrence is widespread in this type of treatment because it does not remove the cause of the blockage, so surgery must be resorted to\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003esurgical treatment\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22 (31.4%) had surgical treatment, as (Table-3) and (Figure-2) show\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable-3: treatment methods distribution of serous otitis media\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedicines\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgery\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4-Sample distribution according to the development of hearing loss\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this context, (Table-4) and (Figure-3) show that the two percentages were close, as 55.8% of children developed hearing loss and 44.2% did not\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable-4:\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003edevelopment of hearing loss among the study sample\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHearing loss\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeveloped\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDid not\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study included 70 samples, we found that Symptoms varied among the sample members, 20 of whom had exoserosis, at a rate of 28.5%, 14 (20%) had ear itching, 24 had pain in the infected ear, and 47.1% suffered from Difficulty in hearing noticed by the parents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, Adenoid enlargement was the most common dysfunction that causes serous otitis media with a percentage of 70%, Second most common cause was Allergic rhinitis in 14 (20%) patients, Nasopharyngeal\u0026nbsp;tumor\u0026nbsp;was found in 5.7%, Chronic sinusitis in 4.2%, and cleft palate in only 1.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.6% of the patients were treated using medicines, and only 31.4% had surgical treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the end, 55.8% of children developed hearing loss and 44.2% did not\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- A large number of files and the lack of sufficient information for study hindered the process of collecting cases\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- There are difficulties in accessing some files of patients admitted to hospital clinics\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIt is necessary not to neglect any child suspected of having serous otitis media, especially younger children, as the hearing ability of every child who has or has suffered from serous otitis media must be examined.\u0026nbsp;It is also essential to ensure that ventilation tubes are in place during the treatment period because it is the most important means of prevention and maintaining the sense of hearing normally without being affected by the accumulation of serous fluid behind the tympanic membrane.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, the child should be reviewed by the ear clinic for follow-up of the condition or periodic examination.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNile\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeclarations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. The Corresponding author had full access to all of the data in this study and takes complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting of Interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research received no specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNick Black, The aetiology of glue ear\u0026mdash;a case-control study, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 9, Issue 2, 1985, Pages 121-133, ISSN 0165-5876, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-5876(85)80012-4.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFinn Rasmussen, Protracted secretory otitis media. The impact of familial factors and day-care center attendance, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 26, Issue 1, 1993, Pages 29-37, ISSN 0165-5876, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-5876(93)90193-7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEgeli E, Oghan F, Ozturk O, Harputluoglu U, Yazici B. Measuring the correlation between adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio (AN ratio) and tympanogram in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005 Feb;69(2):229-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.09.003. PMID: 15656957.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShiao AS, Guo YC. A comparison assessment of videotelescopy for diagnosis of pediatric otitis media with effusion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005 Nov;69(11):1497-502. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.03.041. Epub 2005 Sep 15. PMID: 16168494.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParadise JL, Campbell TF, Dollaghan CA, Feldman HM, Bernard BS, Colborn DK, Rockette HE, Janosky JE, Pitcairn DL, Kurs-Lasky M, Sabo DL, Smith CG. Developmental outcomes after early or delayed insertion of tympanostomy tubes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Aug 11;353(6):576-86. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa050406. PMID: 16093466; PMCID: PMC1201478.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiagio L, Swanepoel DW, Laurent C, Lundberg T. Paediatric otitis media at a primary healthcare clinic in South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2014 May 12;104(6):431-5. doi: 10.7196/samj.7534. PMID: 25214254.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFang TY, Rafai E, Wang PC, Bai CH, Jiang PL, Huang SN, Chen YJ, Chao YT, Wang CH, Chang CH. Pediatric otitis media in Fiji: Survey findings 2015. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun;85:50-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.04.001. Epub 2016 Apr 7. PMID: 27240496.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ehttp://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"serous otitis media, children, hearing","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4607965/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4607965/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSerous otitis media (SOM) is characterized by fluid collection behind the intact eardrum without signs and symptoms of general and local infection. The disease occurs especially in infants and early childhood. The prevalence of SOM varies between 2 and 18% in different studies. otitis media-related hearing loss may result in significant speech and language delay with impaired quality of life in childhood\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Materials and Methods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA retrospective cohort study (COHORT) was conducted On a random group of patients from April 2023 to January 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA paper questionnaire was conducted based on a review of patient files in the Clinics Department at Al-Mouwasat University Hospital. Accordingly, the questionnaire was filled out and the data was reviewed under the supervision of the research supervisor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSymptoms varied among the sample members, 20of whom had exoserosis, at a rate of 28.5%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14 (20%) had ear itching, while 24 had pain in the infected ear, at a rate of 34.2%. Adenoid enlargement was the most common disfunction that causes serous otitis media with a percentage of 70%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTreatment for all samples diagnosed with serous otitis media was either medicinal treatment using nasal drops in addition to ear drops in the event of a serous discharge from the affected ear, surgical treatment by installing a ventilation tube, or surgical treatment of the cause of the obstruction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, 55.8% of children developed hearing loss and 44.2% did not\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is necessary not to neglect any child suspected of having serous otitis media, especially younger children, as the hearing ability of every child who has or has suffered from serous otitis media must be examined. It is also essential to ensure that ventilation tubes are in place during the treatment period because it is the most important means of prevention and maintaining the sense of hearing normally without being affected by the accumulation of serous fluid behind the tympanic membrane.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Serous otitis media in children and its impact on hearing","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-06-25 14:04:16","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4607965/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"01de3161-c0b4-48dd-af25-c81ffa72db47","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 25th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-06-25T14:04:17+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-06-25 14:04:16","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4607965","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4607965","identity":"rs-4607965","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}