An Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Structural performance of Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beams

An Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Structural performance of Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beams | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article An Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Structural performance of Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beams Daniel Usidamen, Okiemute Roland Ogirigbo, Ebuka Nwankwo This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5180294/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The global shift toward sustainable construction calls for eco-friendly alternatives to traditional materials. While steel reinforcement in concrete offers high strength and durability, it has significant environmental and economic drawbacks. Bamboo, a fast-growing and renewable material, is a low-cost, eco-friendly option, but concerns about its structural performance have hindered its widespread use. This study examines the structural performance of concrete beams reinforced with steel (SRC), bamboo (BRC), and hybrid steel-bamboo combinations (HYB-1 and HYB-2). It assesses ultimate failure load, load-deflection curves, failure modes, and crack patterns to explore their viability as sustainable alternatives. Beams measuring 150×150×750 mm were tested experimentally and simulated using ABAQUS software under three-point bending. SRC beams had the highest ultimate failure load (104.67 kN) and deflection (8.6 mm). BRC beams had the lowest failure load (17.97 kN), a decrease of 82.9%. HYB-1 and HYB-2 showed intermediate loads of 87.25 kN and 24.99 kN, respectively. Deflection in BRC beams was the least (3.0 mm), while HYB-1 and HYB-2 showed deflections of 7.4 mm and 5.6 mm. Finite element analysis (FEA) closely matched experimental results, with an average difference of 7.44%, validating the accuracy of the modeling. Bamboo-reinforced concrete Sustainable construction Eco-friendly material Flexural strength Hybrid reinforcement Crack pattern Finite Element Analysis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 04 Nov, 2024 Reviews received at journal 23 Oct, 2024 Reviews received at journal 20 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Oct, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Oct, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 15 Oct, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Oct, 2024 First submitted to journal 30 Sep, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5180294","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":373786721,"identity":"b05e5c78-f186-40ca-8242-fddc69fe08cb","order_by":0,"name":"Daniel Usidamen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Benin","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daniel","middleName":"","lastName":"Usidamen","suffix":""},{"id":373786724,"identity":"8b9f2dca-569d-44e0-b0d3-7aa630b4b5ac","order_by":1,"name":"Okiemute Roland Ogirigbo","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"University of Benin","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Okiemute","middleName":"Roland","lastName":"Ogirigbo","suffix":""},{"id":373786725,"identity":"e3c30631-fc25-4c6f-aa94-605246839aff","order_by":2,"name":"Ebuka Nwankwo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Benin","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ebuka","middleName":"","lastName":"Nwankwo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-09-30 11:08:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5180294/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5180294/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":69935052,"identity":"8d9f2ad7-20ad-44d0-be16-e4ef9d8ab870","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-26 18:48:46","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":788588,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"UsidamenetalDCE.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5180294/v1_covered_ae584405-ebc4-4455-b0ad-48c29e557326.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"An Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Structural performance of Bamboo-Reinforced Concrete Beams","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-civil-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Civil Engineering](https://www.springer.com/journal/44290)","snPcode":"44290","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44290","title":"Discover Civil Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Bamboo-reinforced concrete, Sustainable construction, Eco-friendly material, Flexural strength, Hybrid reinforcement, Crack pattern, Finite Element Analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5180294/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5180294/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe global shift toward sustainable construction calls for eco-friendly alternatives to traditional materials. While steel reinforcement in concrete offers high strength and durability, it has significant environmental and economic drawbacks. Bamboo, a fast-growing and renewable material, is a low-cost, eco-friendly option, but concerns about its structural performance have hindered its widespread use. This study examines the structural performance of concrete beams reinforced with steel (SRC), bamboo (BRC), and hybrid steel-bamboo combinations (HYB-1 and HYB-2). It assesses ultimate failure load, load-deflection curves, failure modes, and crack patterns to explore their viability as sustainable alternatives. Beams measuring 150\u0026times;150\u0026times;750 mm were tested experimentally and simulated using ABAQUS software under three-point bending. SRC beams had the highest ultimate failure load (104.67 kN) and deflection (8.6 mm). BRC beams had the lowest failure load (17.97 kN), a decrease of 82.9%. HYB-1 and HYB-2 showed intermediate loads of 87.25 kN and 24.99 kN, respectively. 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