Mechanical Characterization of Compated Soil Cement Using Acoustic Vibrations

Mechanical Characterization of Compated Soil Cement Using Acoustic Vibrations | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Mechanical Characterization of Compated Soil Cement Using Acoustic Vibrations Rolando Anagua, Gisele Suhett Helmer, Julio Bizarreta Ortega, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6156494/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Foundations play a critical role in safely transferring structural loads to the ground, and challenges with footing on soft clayey soils in small and mediumsized projects often result in impractical solutions, such as using piles that may not always be economically feasible. Soil improvement techniques, such as cement stabilization, present a viable alternative. This paper investigates the feasibility of mechanically characterizing compacted soil cement (CSC) using acoustic vibrations, a non-destructive and cost-effective method commonly applied to materials such as concrete, but rarely to soils. Using the Impulse Excitation Technique (IET) and axial compression tests, CSC samples with varying cement dosages (0%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) were analyzed. The study established empirical models that correlate static elastic moduli and maximum compressive strength with dynamic elastic moduli, obtaining correlation coefficients of R2 = 0.77764 and R2 = 0.9059, respectively. The results also demonstrate that increasing the content of cement improves mechanical properties, leading to greater compressive strength and elastic moduli, while decreasing the damping ratio associated with the natural longitudinal frequency. In this way, this research confirms that acoustic vibration testing is both a technically viable and economically advantageous method to evaluate soil cement properties, offering a rapid and effective alternative for geotechnical applications. Civil Engineering Soil-cement Cement stabilization Dynamic modulus of elasticity Impulse Excitation Technique (IET) Non-destructive testing (NDT) Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6156494","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":424124517,"identity":"4b28298d-bda2-4b57-b26a-6e6e917c1e69","order_by":0,"name":"Rolando Anagua","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UNILA","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rolando","middleName":"","lastName":"Anagua","suffix":""},{"id":424124515,"identity":"d7ed5c68-7821-4451-8606-448e8a402866","order_by":1,"name":"Gisele Suhett Helmer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UNILA","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gisele","middleName":"Suhett","lastName":"Helmer","suffix":""},{"id":424124516,"identity":"95528e96-6919-49d9-a444-dda42671b34f","order_by":2,"name":"Julio Bizarreta Ortega","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UNILA","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Julio","middleName":"Bizarreta","lastName":"Ortega","suffix":""},{"id":424124514,"identity":"a2d8e61d-d5ad-4367-b437-80bf1c8f142c","order_by":3,"name":"Ivan Dario Gomez Araujo","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNgTzAOMDBgYJGRBTAsgjSguzAVAxD0EtKNqBKhkIa+GTSH72gKHmnrzBwcPHqnl3WPDwNzAfvM3DcCcft8lp5gYMx4oNNxw4lnab94wEj8QBtmRrHoZnlg24tPAcMJNgYEtg3HDgjNlt3jagXw7wmEnzMBw2wGkLz/FvEgz/EuxBWopBWuQP8H/Dr4W9x0yCsS0hEaSFGaTF4AAPGyEtZRKJfQnJMw8cS5acC9RieJjN2HKOwTOcWuSb2bdJfPiWYNt34/DBD2/b6uTkjjc/vPGm4g5OLWCQACIkDkB5zCACvwYo4G8gRtUoGAWjYBSMRAAAlMFPkxzWdnoAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"UNILA","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ivan","middleName":"Dario Gomez","lastName":"Araujo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-04 18:19:22","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6156494/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6156494/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":77841583,"identity":"f5b0f20c-19c0-4e20-b4a7-3638f4e02b4e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-06 05:00:06","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2150739,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ArtigoRolandospringer.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6156494/v1_covered_2d5de4c4-3ca2-4eca-b8e0-0729effc9ae7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eMechanical Characterization of Compated Soil Cement Using Acoustic Vibrations\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Universidade Federal da Integração Latino Americana","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Soil-cement, Cement stabilization, Dynamic modulus of elasticity, Impulse Excitation Technique (IET), Non-destructive testing (NDT)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6156494/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6156494/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eFoundations play a critical role in safely transferring structural loads to the ground, and challenges with footing on soft clayey soils in small and mediumsized projects often result in impractical solutions, such as using piles that may not always be economically feasible. 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