Community Based Essential Newborn Care Practices and Associated Factors among Women Who Gave Birth at Home in Last Twelve Months in Amaro Woreda, Southern Ethiopia, 2019

Community Based Essential Newborn Care Practices and Associated Factors among Women Who Gave Birth at Home in Last Twelve Months in Amaro Woreda, Southern Ethiopia, 2019 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research article Community Based Essential Newborn Care Practices and Associated Factors among Women Who Gave Birth at Home in Last Twelve Months in Amaro Woreda, Southern Ethiopia, 2019 Mamush Agonafir, Mulugeta Shegaze Shimbre, Sultan Hussen, Gebremaryam Temesgen, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.2.13490/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction:- Significant numbers of women are giving birth at home; in this case community based newborn care is a means of bringing life-saving care to mothers and newborns at the community level. However, practice is challenging within the Ethiopian health system. Objective:- The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of community based newborn care practices and its associated factors among women who gave birth at home in Amaro Woreda, southern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods:- Across-sectional study was conducted on 490 women in the reproductive age groups of 15-49 in Amaro district and by using simple random sampling technique individual was recruited. Data collected through face-to-face interview at household level. EpiData version 3.1 statistical software was used for entry and SPSS version 20 for was used for data cleaning, management and analysis. Bi-variate and multivariate logistic regression analysis employed for analysis of factors associated with Community based newborn care practices. Results:- A total 490 of study participants were included in the analysis and only 29% practiced community based essential newborn care. Educational status of father [AOR=2.28; 95%CI:1.07-4.84] & mother [AOR=0.35; 95%CI: 0.16-0.75], last delivery assisted by relative/friends [AOR=3.58; 95%CI: 1.66-7.73], having awareness about Community based newborn care [AOR=3.49; 95%CI: 2.11-5.77], awareness about newborn danger sign [AOR=2.18; 95%CI: 1.29-3.68] and having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan [AOR=3.52; 95%CI: 1.97-6.29] were an identified independent factors associated with Community based newborn care Practice. Conclusion and recommendation:- Around three-fourth (71%) of mothers were not practicing Community based newborn care. Educational status of family, awareness about community based newborn care and newborn danger sign, last delivery assisted by relative or friends at home, and having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan were identified as independent factors for community based newborn care practice. Promotion of information at community level, women empowerment and health extension program strengthening are recommending. Maternal & Fetal Medicine community based cross sectional study essential newborn care practices Amaro district Figures Figure 1 Introduction Community based new born care (CBNC) is a means of bringing life-saving care to mothers and newborns at the community level within the Ethiopian health system ( 1 ). Through CBNC, the government aims to strengthen the primary health care unit (PHCU) and the Health Extension Program, which is a platform for community-based primary care delivery ( 1 ). Building on lessons learned from Integrated Community Case Management of childhood illness (ICCM), the implementation of CBNC used the following guiding principles to ensure rapid, high-quality implementation: government leadership and ownership, spanning the continuum of care, balance between preventive and curative care at the community level, quality service, community participation, strong health system support and phased implementation approach and partnership ( 2 ). The goal of CBNC program is to reduce newborn mortality through strengthening the primary health care unit (PHCU) approach and the Health Extension Program.( 3 ) This goal is achieved by cumulative improvement in linkages between health centers and health posts and the performance of Health Extension Workers (HEWs) and Women’s Development Army (WDA). To improve antenatal, intrapartum, postnatal and newborn care through the “four Cs”: early prenatal and postnatal Contact with the mother and newborn, Case-identification of newborns with signs of possible severe bacterial infection, Care, or treatment that is appropriate and initiated as early as possible and Completion of a full seven day course of appropriate antibiotics ( 3 ). Globally, around 4 million neonatal deaths occur annually, which accounts for 38 percent of under-five mortality. A similar number of babies are still born and 99% of all neonatal deaths occur in low and middle income countries ( 4 ). As Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016, the neonatal mortality rate was 29 deaths per 1,000 live births. The risk of death is highest in the first 24 hours of life when more than half of deaths occur and about three-quarters of all neonatal deaths occur within the first week of life ( 5 ). Despite Ethiopia’s remarkable reductions in infant and under-5 mortality and achievement of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) four three years ahead of the deadline, the reduction in neonatal mortality has not been as impressive ( 1 ). The 2016 EDHS results show that the neonatal and infant death for the 5 years before the survey is 29 & 48 deaths per 1,000 live births, respectively. In other words, in Ethiopia 1 in every 35 children dies within the first month and 1 in every 21 children dies before celebrating the first birthday ( 6 ). Although Ethiopian government did many health interventions such as training health workers, enhancing referral system, integrating health services, implementing packages of Health Extension Program (HEP) and routine immunization, neonatal death is still high, even one of the top ten countries in Africa ( 7 , 8 ). The finding of studies conducted in different area of Ethiopia with regards to the level of CBNC practice documented that there is low comprehensive practices of essential new born care practices ( 9 , 10 ). A family community package promoting good home care of the newborn particularly cleanliness, warmth provision, and exclusive breastfeeding would have an expected reduction in the NMR of 10 to 40 percent, varying with the baseline NMR and the potential for accessing care. The effect might be greater if the package successfully addressed harmful local practices. As the indication of EDHS 2016 the proportion of home delivery nearly 83% in Ethiopia the probability of maternal and newborn health, need more investigation for better planning and promotion on maternal and newborn health. Outreach services such as prenatal care alone have an effect of about 10 percent on NMRs, but when they are combined with a family package using community health promoters, an additional 30 percent reduction in the NMR is projected in Ethiopia ( 11 ). As indicated on 2017/2018 annual report of Segen Area People Zone maternal and newborn health report performance of ANC 4th 63 %, and skill delivery coverage 71 %.In addition to this, specific to Amaro district government report reveals that postnatal care service coverage 68 %, and skill delivery coverage 32.09 %. Therefore, obtaining evidence on level of Community on Essential Newborn Care Practices and its associated factors will facilitate the interventional measures to avert the preventable factors of neonatal death. Hence, this study aimed to assess community based essential newborn care practices and associated factors among women who gave birth in the last 12 months preceding the survey in Amaro woreda southern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods and materials Study area, Design and Period This study conducted in Amaro district in Segen Area Peoples Zone, Southern Ethiopia. The district is located 695 km south of Addis Ababa and 465 km still south of the regional capital city Hawassa. The district has a total of population of 193,219 in which 25,505 women are in childbearing age. In the district, there are 33 rural kebele and 2 urban kebele. In the district, there are one primary hospital, seven health centers, 39 health posts and 25 private health facilities deliver health care service ( 21 ). Health Extension workers at health posts are providing maternal, child and neonatal services like ANC, PNC, Immunization, growth monitoring, outpatient therapeutic program, ICCM/CBNC and first aids. At community level, Heath extension workers are performing preventive health services through regular home to home visits and curative services at health post ( 22 , 23). A community based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January-February 2019 in Amaro district, Southern Ethiopia. Population, Sampling Determination and Sampling Procedure The source population was women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years who were practicing home delivery in Amaro district. Accordingly , women of reproductive age groups who gave live birth at home in the last 12 months’ period preceding the survey was taken as study population. To take adequate sample size from study population, sample size for study was determined by single population formula by consideration of a desired level of confidence (95%), margin of error (5%), non- response rate (10%), design effect (1.5), the estimated prevalence of community based essential newborn care practices (26.7%) [10]. the final sample size for this study was 495. To make the sample is more representative; around 31% (11) out of 35 kebeles of Amaro district were selected using lottery method. Then, proportional allocation of size to kebele was made. Finally, computer random generated number was employed to recruit the mother from family folder in community health information system. However, the mothers who delivered in the health institution, mothers who are caregivers to babies whose mother is lost, those mothers who were seriously sick during data collection and mothers who recently delivered died fetus was excluded from the study. Variables of the study and Operational definitions Community Based Essential Newborn Care Practices is outcome , while age of mother, education of mother, education of father; sex of neonate, occupation of mother, 0ccupation of father, n umber of pregnancy, number of delivery, number of children, number of ANC visits, attendant at birth, birth preparedness plan, mothers awareness about newborn danger signs, counseling from a health extension worker (HEW) or advice from a CHV (WDA leader), exposure to media and husband involvement. Community Based Essential New Born Care Practiced: In this study those mothers who practice all the three essential new born care practices (delayed bathing, safe cord cutting and early initiation of breast feeding within one hour of birth) are said to be practiced ( 9 ). Delayed bathing: The recommended practice of bathing a new born by delaying for at least the first 24 hours of birth to reduce the risk of hypothermia( 10 ). Early initiation of breast feeding: The recommended practice of putting a new born to the mother’s breast within one hour of birth ( 10 ). Safe cord cutting: Safe cord cutting means practice of cutting a new born cord with help of the instrument from clean home delivery kit, a new blade or a boiled blade ( 15 ). Data collection methods and tools Structured questionnaires were designed in English version and translated to Amharic and local language. Pre-test was carried out on the 10% of sample size at Burji District which is one of neighbor district and necessary correction was made prior to the actual data collection. The data was collected by four BSc graduate professional in health at selected households. Training was given for data collectors and supervisor on the objectives of the study, the content of the questionnaire, issue related to confidentiality of the responses and rights of the respondents during data collection. They also have informed about proper data handling, systematic answers for respondents’ questions. data was collected by using face to face interviews. Supervisors checked data for completeness daily after data collection and principal investigator also randomly cross-checked the data before entry. Finally, the overall data collection process was controlled by the principal investigator. Data Processing and Analysis EpiData version 3.1. statistical software was used for data entry and cleaning, then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics like frequencies & percentages were computed. Results were presented using text, tables and figures. The presence of association between dependent and independent variables was checked with odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and p-value less than or equal to 0.05. Bivariate analyses were conducted and all variable which has cut of point p-value less than 0.2 were enter into a multiple variable logistic regression model to outline the independent predictors of the community based essential newborn care. Assumption of logistic regression: meaningful coding, normality, multicollinearity and outliers checked before final logistic regression model analysis. Multivariate outliers were checked by using cook’s distance and leverage value. Multi collinearity is checked by using variance inflation factors and tolerance test. The Hosmer-Lemeshow tests and Omnibus tests of model coefficient were checked to assess goodness-of-fit model. Results Socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the study participants A total 495 sampled population 490 with the response rate of 98.9% were in included in this study. Among babies participated in the study, 55.53% of were males. Concerning to ethnic groups, the Koore accounted 448 (91.8%). Regarding to the marital status of mothers, 447(91.2%) were currently married or cohabiting and 5.1% were married but not live with husband. Mothers who had formal education and illiterate were 216 (44.1%) and 141 (28.8%) respectively. Protestant religion followers accounted 386(78.8%) followed by Orthodox 75 (15.3%). Regarding to past 12 months’ work status of Mothers of study babies, 57.1% and 33.5% of the study participants were house-wives and farmers respectively ( Table 1 ). The Level of Essential Community Based New-born Care (CBNC) Practice Mothers practices of new born care, around 309 (63.1%), 295(60.2%) and 290 (59.2%) of mother initiate breast-feeding immediately after birth, safe cord cutting and delayed bathing respectively ( Table 2 ). The overall community based newborn care practice in regard with three parameters i.e. delayed bathing for first 24 hours, safe cord cutting and early initiation of breast feeding (within one hour of birth) was 142 (29%) ( Figure 1 ) Factors Independently Associated with Essential Community Based New-born Care (CBNC) Practices To determined independent predictors of CBNC practice, 11 variables from socio-demographic, pregnancy & obstetric and informational related factors having p-value ≤0.2 on bivariate analysis were fitted into the final model. Accordingly, formal paternal education [AOR=2.28; 95%CI:1.07-4.84, p<0.03], mothers able to read and write [AOR=0.35; 95%CI: 0.16-0.75, p<0.007], last delivery assisted by relative or friends [AOR=3.58; 95%CI: 1.66-7.73, p<0.001], having awareness about CBNC [AOR=3.49; 95%CI: 2.11-5.77, p<0.001], awareness about newborn danger sign[AOR=2.18; 95%CI: 1.29-3.68, p<0.004] and having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan [AOR=3.52; 95%CI: 1.97-6.29, p<0.001] were identified as independent factors associated with (CBNC) Practice. In contrast to this, ANC visits during last pregnancy, number of last fetus, early PNC for last birth by HEW and counseling about CBNC in the last 12 months were not significantly associated with Essential Community Based New-born Care (CBNC) Practice in final model ( Table 3 ). Discussion This study aimed to assess community based essential newborn care practices and associated factors among women who gave birth at home in the last 12 months preceding the survey in Amaro woreda southern Ethiopia. Of the total study participants included in the analysis, 142(29%) were practiced CBNC. However, 60.2 % neonate received clean cord care, 63.1% mothers initiated breast-feeding within one hour and 59.5% received appropriate bathing, which is comparable with study conducted in Southwest Ethiopia ( 18 ) . The prevalence of community based essential new-born care (CBNC) practice in this study is considered to be higher as compared to other studies reports from Amhara (23.1%) and Aksum (26.7%) ( 9 , 10 ) . This discrepancy may be due to the fact that some of the former studies include both home and facility delivery. In the current study, paternal education was found to have statistically significant association with community based essential newborn care practices. Babies born to fathers having formal education were two times more likely receiving CBNC than babies born to illiterate fathers’ . This finding is consistent with finding in Bangladesh [AOR=1.3], Gojam, Ethiopia [AOR=7.02], Welkite, southwest Ethiopia [AOR=1.21], ( 9 , 17-19 ). This might be due to the fact that education in the real world has a positive significant effect to practice any healthy life for mothers and children as well families. However, in the current study mothers able to read and write were 65% less practicing CBNC than illiterate mothers. It need further investigation. Mothers who had her last delivery at home by assisted with relatives or friends were found to be 3.58 times more likely practicing CBNC than those assisted by HW at home This may be due to poor quality of counseling by HEW or HWs results in strong peer pressure to change their view towards CBNC practice. Having awareness about CBNC is the most important reported factors in the population ( 15 , 19). Besides of the above reported risk factors the level of practicing the community based essential new-born care (CBNC) was 3.49 times highly common among those mothers who had awareness about CBNC than those who did not informed. This finding was consistent with finding in eastern Tigray [AOR=5.63], Aksum town [AOR = 3.36] and Gojam, Ethiopia [AOR=7.9] ( 9 , 10 , 17 ). The finding was found to be contrary to finding in Welkite town, Ethiopia [AOR=0.17] ( 19 ). This discrepancy may be due to socio-demographic and socio-cultural differences among participants in different demography of the country. Another reason for variation may be due to the time effect that study conducted. Neonatal danger has become a substantial problem in many developing countries like Ethiopia. In this regard, health-seeking behavior of mothers for neonatal care highly relies on their knowledge about neonatal danger sign, and it has been hardly investigated ( 24 ). In this community-based study, individuals who had awareness about newborn danger sign were 2.18 times more likely practicing community based essential newborn care (CBNC) as compared to the counterpart. The finding in this study considered to be in line with a community based study conducted in Enugu state, South-East Nigeria and North West of Ethiopia ( 24 , 25 ). This finding might be due to the fact that those mothers who had a positive awareness about neonatal danger sign experienced of how to practice CBNC. Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP and CR) is a safe motherhood comprehensive strategy and matrix that includes shared responsibility among the woman and her family, the community, healthcare providers, facilities that serve them, and the policies that affect care for the woman and the newborn ( 26 ). Accordingly, the likelihood of Community based essential new-born care (CBNC) practice among those having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan was 3.52 more prone to practice CBNC than counterpart. This finding was in line with finding in Kofale District, South East Ethiopia ( 26 ) and it was found to be due to the fact that having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan positively affect the mothers practice to ward community based essential new born care. Unlike many other study findings, this study did not reveal any association of community based essential new-born care (CBNC) practice with number of ANC visits during last pregnancy, number of last fetus, early PNC for last birth by HEW and counseling about CBNC in the last 12 months. This might be illustrated by variations related to study population, setting, socio-demographic, socio -economic and cultural difference. One of the strength of this study was findings can be generalized to similar settings and population in other parts of the country since this study is primary data and a community based study . Conclusion In conclusion, around 71% of mother who give home birth and participated in this study were not practicing essential newborn care, which is fare lower than many other studies. The study identified both positive and negative factors towards to CBNC practice. Accordingly, having formal paternal educational, delivery assisted by relative or friends, having awareness about CBNC, having awareness about newborn danger sign and having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan were positively affecting an essential community based new-born Care (CBNC) Practice. However, maternal educations were negatively associated with community based essential newborn care practices. Therefore, government should take remedial action on education improvement, action should be taken to improve community knowledge on newborn danger sign, birth preparedness and complication readiness. Declaration Ethics approval and consent to participate Ethical approval was obtained from institutional ethical review board of College of Medicine and Health Science Arba Minch University. A formal letter was written to the different administrative bodies and organizations to obtain permission to conduct the research in the settings then permission obtained from zonal health department to conduct this research in the setting. Finally, informed written consent was obtained from study participants before interview. Consent to publish Not applicable. But, we didn’t taken image, voice and video recorded. By considering the benefit of the study the findings is summited for publication . Availability of data and material The datasets used for current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding Not received Authors’ contributions MA and MS design the original proposal, MS, SH, GT, GG, BT and WG were conducted analyses and interpretation. All authors were participated on discussion and recommendation part of study. MS was wrote final manuscript. Finally, all authors approved the manuscript. Acknowledgments Researchers would like to thanks Arba Minch University for financial contribution and also study participants, supervisors and data collectors for their contribution on the success of this research. Reference 1. Berhanu DA, B. Community Based Newborn Care in Ethiopia: Quality of CBNC programme assessment Midline Evaluation Report March 2017. Technical Report. 2017. 2. Della Berhanu BA. Community Based Newborn Care: Quality of CBNC programme assessment - midline evaluation report, . London: March 2017. 3. FMOH. COMMUNITY BASED NEWBORN CARE TRANING FOR HEALTH EXTENSION WORKERS: FACILITATORS GUIDE. May2013. 4. S. Karger AG B, Ola Didrik Saugstad. Reducing Global Neonatal Mortality Is Possible, Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway. Neonatology; 99: 250–257. Accessible online at: www.karger.com. /DOI: 10.1159/000320332. 2011. 5. Bogale worku MG. New born care training manual, essential new born care for every baby. Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia EPS; August. 2012. 6. EDHS. ETHIOPIA Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CSA, July 2017. 7. IV H. Health sector development plan IV; Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Minstry of Health. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2014. 8. WHO. Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Highlights 2012–2013, Progress Report. . 2013. 9. Teshome Kokebie MA, Genet Degu. Community Based Essential New Born Care Practices and Associated Factors among Women in the Rural Community of Awabel District, East Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2013. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research. 2015;1(01):17-27. 10. Megbey Berhe AAM, Gizienesh Kahsay, Ermyas Birhane, Mebrahtu Abay. Essential neonatal care utilization and associated factors among mothers in public health facilities of Aksum Town, North Ethiopia PLoS ONE. 2017;12:4. 11Newborn Health; More Than 4 Million Newborns Die Each Year, Even Though Effective and Inexpensive Interventions Exist: Disease control priorities project; April 200. 12. FMOH. Community Based Newborn Care Implementation Plan. Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia; February 2012. 13. MOH. COMMUNITY BASED NEWBORN CARE TRANING FOR HEALTH EXTENSION WORKERS. In: Program HE, editor. Addis Ababa: Minstry of Health; May2013. 14. Berhanu D. ABI. Community Based Newborn Care: Quality of CBNC programme assessment - midline evaluation report, March 2017. London: IDEAS, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. 2017. 15. Md. Shahjahana MRA, M. Mokhlesur Rahmanc, Afsana Afroz. Factors affecting newborn care practices in Bangladesh. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. January 2012;26,:13–8. 16. Jennifer A Callaghan-Koru1* AS, Maya Tholandi3, Joseph de Graft-Johnson4, Ephrem Daniel2, Barbara Rawlins3, Bogale Worku5 and Abdullah H Baqu. Newborn care practices at home and in health facilies of 4 regions in ethiopia. BMC Pediatrics 2013;13:(198). 17. Haftom Gebrehiwot Misgna HBG, Mulugeta Molla Birhanu. Knowledge, practice and associated factors of essential newborn care at home among mothers in Gulomekada District, Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2014. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2016;16(144). 18. Tura G, Fantahun M, Worku A. Neonatal care practice and factors affecting in Southwest Ethiopia: a mixed methods study. 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Tables Table 1: Socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants in Amaro District, SNNPR, Ethiopia, October-December, 2018 (N=490) Variables Categories N % Sex of baby Male 271 55.3 Female 219 44.7 Age of baby Less than 2 months 113 23.1 2 up to 6 months 218 44.5 More than 6 months 159 32.4 Age of mother 15-24 years 108 22.0 25-34 years 320 65.3 ≥35 years 62 12.7 Ethnicity Koore 448 91.4 Wolyta 22 4.5 Others 20 4.1 Religion Protestant 386 78.8 Orthodox 75 15.3 Others * 29 5.9 Marital status of Mother Married and live with husband 447 91.2 Married but not live with husband 25 5.1 Others** 18 3.7 Occupational status of Mother House wife 280 57.1 Farmer 164 33.5 Others*** 46 9.4 1 1 Others( Gurage, Tigray, Amhara) , Others* (Catholic and Muslim), Others** ( widowed, divorced, single) , Others*** (Merchant and Government employee). Table 2: Types of essential new-born Care Practices, of the study participants in Amaro District, SNNPR, Ethiopia, October-December, 2018 (N=490) Variables Categories Frequency % New-born Bathing Immediately after birth 148 30.2 After 24 hours 290 59.2 After 2 day and above of birth 52 10.6 Initiation of breast feeding Immediately after birth 309 63.1 After one hours 168 34.3 Others 13 2.7 Safe Cord Cutting Cut with boiled blade 295 60.2 Cut with un-boiled blade 161 32.9 Others 34 6.9 Table 3: Factor Associated with CBNC practice of the study participants in Amaro District: regression models showing adjusted odds ratios, 95 % confidence intervals. Variables Category CBNC practiced AOR (95%CI) P-value Yes (%) No (%) Sex of Baby Male 65 (24.0) 206(76.0) Female 77 (35.2) 142(64.8) 1.45 (0.90-2.33) 0.12 Educational status of mother Illiterate 40(28.4) 101(71.6) 1 read and write 25(18.8) 108(81.2) 0.35 (0.16-0.75) 0.007 formal education 77(35.6) 139(64.4) 0.70 (0.36-1.38) 0.30 Educational status of father Illiterate 19(22.1) 67(77.9%) 1 read and write 24(20.0) 96(80.0) 1.36 (0.58-3.21) 0.480 formal education 99(35.0) 184(65.0) 2.28 (1.07-4.84) 0.033 ANC visits during last pregnancy None 43(25.3) 127(74.7) 1 Once 25(35.7) 45(64.3) 1.56(0.36-1.60) 0.76 2 up to 3 35(25.9) 100(74.1) 1..73 (0.29-1.03) 0.54 four times 39(34.2) 75(65.8) 2.35(0.56-1.98) 1.05 last delivery assisted by TBA 25(26.6) 69(73.4) 2.09 (0.84-5.22) 0.12 Relative(friends) 105(32.8) 215(67.2) 3.58 (1.66-7.73) 0.001 HEW/HW/Others 12(15.8) 64(84.2) 1 Number of last fetus Single 134(28.4) 338(71.6) 0.42 (0.14-1.27) 0.12 Twin 8(44.4) 10(55.6) Early PNC for last birth by HEW Yes 55(37.2) 93(62.8) 1.42 (0.82-2.46) 0.22 No 87(25.4) 255(74.6) 1 Information about CBNC Yes 77(47.5) 85(52.5) 3.49 (2.11-5.77) 0.001 No 65(19.8) 263(80.2) 1 Information about newborn danger sign Yes 67(45.6) 80(54.4) 2.18 (1.29-3.68) 0.004 No 75 (21.9) 268(78.1) 1 Counseling about CBNC in the last 12 months Yes 67(41.6) 94(58.4) 1.61 (0.95-2.7) 0.07 No 75(22.8) 254 (77.2) 1 Having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan Yes 120(37.6) 199(62.4) 3.52 (1.97-6.29) 0.001 No 21(12.4) 149(87.6) 1 **Significance at p_ value <0.001, * significance at p_ value <0.05. 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Shimbre","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAvUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFAC5gZmICnHwMBDtBZGsBZj0rUkNhCtRXdGYvPngora9A3Hzx588IHBTk63gYAWsxuJbdIzzhzP3XAmL9lwBkOysdkBIrQw87Ydy91wIMdMmofhQOI2IrQ0f+b9dyzd4Pwb4rU0SPM21CQY3CDaljMP26R5jh0wnHnjjbHhDANi/HI8+fBnnpo6eb7zOYYPPlTYyRHUAgWHGRTAKg2IUw4CdQzyDcSrHgWjYBSMghEGAAo0RnXyrjd7AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4146-275X","institution":"Arba Minch University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mulugeta","middleName":"Shegaze","lastName":"Shimbre","suffix":""},{"id":138838,"identity":"9d200242-d6ad-45e1-8c5e-2c96341d8ca4","order_by":3,"name":"Sultan Hussen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Arba Minch University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sultan","middleName":"","lastName":"Hussen","suffix":""},{"id":138839,"identity":"fe323fa7-8754-47fa-87c3-31e0860940d8","order_by":4,"name":"Gebremaryam Temesgen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Arba Minch University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gebremaryam","middleName":"","lastName":"Temesgen","suffix":""},{"id":138840,"identity":"50b24b5d-0cbc-4037-a4b3-6bd1593c4fae","order_by":5,"name":"Goytom Girmay","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Arba Minch University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Goytom","middleName":"","lastName":"Girmay","suffix":""},{"id":138841,"identity":"73513658-2f92-4781-9ed0-4386a9b9c803","order_by":6,"name":"Behailu Tsegaye","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Arba Minch University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Behailu","middleName":"","lastName":"Tsegaye","suffix":""},{"id":138842,"identity":"0201d6b5-6c55-48e1-a24f-53ecd7868843","order_by":7,"name":"Woiynshet Gebretsadik","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Arba Minch University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Woiynshet","middleName":"","lastName":"Gebretsadik","suffix":""},{"id":138843,"identity":"f8916733-a142-4918-838d-ddb13c096a4f","order_by":8,"name":"Belay Boda","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Arba Minch University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Belay","middleName":"","lastName":"Boda","suffix":""},{"id":138844,"identity":"7ee40805-7a73-4379-97a5-b680f1234dc0","order_by":9,"name":"Teshale Fikadu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Arba Minch University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Teshale","middleName":"","lastName":"Fikadu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2019-08-21 12:47:00","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.13490/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.13490/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":218434,"identity":"b7263c6c-ac0b-491f-82fa-0cef2d8c2fb9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2019-12-06 15:12:04","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":11982,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Community based newborn care practice status of study participants, Amaro district","description":"","filename":"Fig1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/ef7a55ab-cdb0-4db6-a3c0-3dcc79d7060f/v1/Fig 1.png"},{"id":13471120,"identity":"80c02bfe-934a-40e8-b125-e5ac39342406","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-16 21:07:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":557288,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4199/v1/86627bd1-d098-4112-b77e-1b2ab80de2a6.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Community Based Essential Newborn Care Practices and Associated Factors among Women Who Gave Birth at Home in Last Twelve Months in Amaro Woreda, Southern Ethiopia, 2019","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eCommunity based new born care (CBNC) is a means of bringing life-saving care to mothers and newborns at the community level within the Ethiopian health system (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_1\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e). Through CBNC, the government aims to strengthen the primary health care unit (PHCU) and the Health Extension Program, which is a platform for community-based primary care delivery (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_1\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e). Building on lessons learned from Integrated Community Case Management of childhood illness (ICCM), the implementation of CBNC used the following guiding principles to ensure rapid, high-quality implementation: government leadership and ownership, spanning the continuum of care, balance between preventive and curative care at the community level, quality service, community participation, strong health system support and phased implementation approach and partnership (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_2\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal of CBNC program is to reduce newborn mortality through strengthening the primary health care unit (PHCU) approach and the Health Extension Program.(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_3\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e) This goal is achieved by cumulative improvement in linkages between health centers and health posts and the performance of Health Extension Workers (HEWs) and Women’s Development Army (WDA). To improve antenatal, intrapartum, postnatal and newborn care through the “four Cs”: early prenatal and postnatal Contact with the mother and newborn, Case-identification of newborns with signs of possible severe bacterial infection, Care, or treatment that is appropriate and initiated as early as possible and Completion of a full seven day course of appropriate antibiotics (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_3\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlobally, around 4 million neonatal deaths occur annually, which accounts for 38 percent of under-five mortality. A similar number of babies are still born and 99% of all neonatal deaths occur in low and middle income countries (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_4\"\u003e4\u003c/a\u003e). As Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016, the neonatal mortality rate was 29 deaths per 1,000 live births. The risk of death is highest in the first 24 hours of life when more than half of deaths occur and about three-quarters of all neonatal deaths occur within the first week of life (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_5\"\u003e5\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite Ethiopia’s remarkable reductions in infant and under-5 mortality and achievement of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) four three years ahead of the deadline, the reduction in neonatal mortality has not been as impressive (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_1\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e). The 2016 EDHS results show that the neonatal and infant death for the 5 years before the survey is 29 \u0026amp; 48 deaths per 1,000 live births, respectively. In other words, in Ethiopia 1 in every 35 children dies within the first month and 1 in every 21 children dies before celebrating the first birthday (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_6\"\u003e6\u003c/a\u003e). Although Ethiopian government did many health interventions such as training health workers, enhancing referral system, integrating health services, implementing packages of Health Extension Program (HEP) and routine immunization, neonatal death is still high, even one of the top ten countries in Africa (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_7\"\u003e7\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_8\"\u003e8\u003c/a\u003e). The finding of studies conducted in different area of Ethiopia with regards to the level of CBNC practice documented that there is low comprehensive practices of essential new born care practices (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_9\"\u003e9\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_10\"\u003e10\u003c/a\u003e). A family community package promoting good home care of the newborn particularly cleanliness, warmth provision, and exclusive breastfeeding would have an expected reduction in the NMR of 10 to 40 percent, varying with the baseline NMR and the potential for accessing care. The effect might be greater if the package successfully addressed harmful local practices. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs the indication of EDHS 2016 the proportion of home delivery nearly 83% in Ethiopia the probability of maternal and newborn health, need more investigation for better planning and promotion on maternal and newborn health. Outreach services such as prenatal care alone have an effect of about 10 percent on NMRs, but when they are combined with a family package using community health promoters, an additional 30 percent reduction in the NMR is projected in Ethiopia (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_11\"\u003e11\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs indicated on 2017/2018 annual report of Segen Area People Zone maternal and newborn health report performance of ANC 4th 63 %, and skill delivery coverage 71 %.In addition to this, specific to Amaro district government report reveals that postnatal care service coverage 68 %, and skill delivery coverage 32.09 %. Therefore, obtaining evidence on level of Community on Essential Newborn Care Practices and its associated factors will facilitate the interventional measures to avert the preventable factors of neonatal death. Hence, this study aimed to assess community based essential newborn care practices and associated factors among women who gave birth in the last 12 months preceding the survey in Amaro woreda southern Ethiopia, 2019. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods and materials","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudy area, Design and Period\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study conducted in Amaro district in Segen Area Peoples Zone, Southern Ethiopia. The district is located 695 km south of Addis Ababa and 465 km still south of the regional capital city Hawassa. The district has a total of population of 193,219 in which 25,505 women are in childbearing age. In the district, there are 33 rural kebele and 2 urban kebele. In the district, there are one primary hospital, seven health centers, 39 health posts and 25 private health facilities deliver health care service (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_21\"\u003e21\u003c/a\u003e). Health Extension workers at health posts are providing maternal, child and neonatal services like ANC, PNC, Immunization, growth monitoring, outpatient therapeutic program, ICCM/CBNC and first aids. At community level, Heath extension workers are performing preventive health services through regular home to home visits and curative services at health post (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_22\"\u003e22\u003c/a\u003e, 23).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc9229233\"/\u003eA community based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January-February 2019 in Amaro district, Southern Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePopulation, Sampling Determination and Sampling Procedure \u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc9229237\"/\u003eThe source population was women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years who were\u003cb\u003e \u003c/b\u003epracticing home delivery in Amaro district.\u003cb\u003e \u003c/b\u003eAccordingly\u003cb\u003e, \u003c/b\u003ewomen of reproductive age groups who gave live birth at home in the last 12 months’ period preceding the survey was taken as study population. To take adequate sample size from study population, sample size for study was determined by single population formula by consideration of a desired level of confidence (95%), margin of error (5%), non- response rate (10%), design effect (1.5), the estimated prevalence of community based essential newborn care practices (26.7%) [10]. the final sample size for this study was 495.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo make the sample is more representative; around 31% (11) out of 35 kebeles of Amaro district were selected using lottery method. Then, proportional allocation of size to kebele was made. Finally, computer random generated number was employed to recruit the mother from family folder in community health information system. However, the mothers who delivered in the health institution, mothers who are caregivers to babies whose mother is lost, those mothers who were seriously sick during data collection and mothers who recently delivered died fetus was excluded from the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp/\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVariables of the study and Operational definitions\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc9229245\"/\u003eCommunity Based Essential Newborn Care Practices is outcome\u003cb\u003e, while\u003c/b\u003e age of mother, education of mother, education of father; sex of neonate, occupation of mother, 0ccupation of father, n umber of pregnancy, number of delivery, number of children, number of ANC visits, attendant at birth, birth preparedness plan, mothers awareness about newborn danger signs, counseling from a health extension worker (HEW) or advice from a CHV (WDA leader), exposure to media and husband involvement. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCommunity Based Essential New Born Care Practiced:\u003c/b\u003e In this study those mothers who practice all the three essential new born care practices (delayed bathing, safe cord cutting and early initiation of breast feeding within one hour of birth) are said to be practiced (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_9\"\u003e9\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDelayed bathing: \u003c/b\u003eThe recommended practice of bathing a new born by delaying for at least the first 24 hours of birth to reduce the risk of hypothermia(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_10\"\u003e10\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEarly initiation of breast feeding:\u003c/b\u003e The recommended practice of putting a new born to the mother’s breast within one hour of birth (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_10\"\u003e10\u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSafe cord cutting:\u003c/b\u003e Safe cord cutting means practice of cutting a new born cord with help of the instrument from clean home delivery kit, a new blade or a boiled blade (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_15\"\u003e15\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc9229246\"/\u003e\u003cb\u003eData collection methods and tools\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc522545202\"/\u003eStructured questionnaires were designed in English version and translated to Amharic and local language. Pre-test was carried out on the 10% of sample size at Burji District which is one of neighbor district and necessary correction was made prior to the actual data collection. The data was collected by four BSc graduate professional in health at selected households. Training was given for data collectors and supervisor on the objectives of the study, the content of the questionnaire, issue related to confidentiality of the responses and rights of the respondents during data collection. They also have informed about proper data handling, systematic answers for respondents’ questions. data was collected by using face to face interviews. Supervisors checked data for completeness daily after data collection and principal investigator also randomly cross-checked the data before entry. Finally, the overall data collection process was controlled by the principal investigator. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc9229248\"/\u003e\u003cb\u003eData Processing and Analysis\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEpiData version 3.1. statistical software was used for data entry and cleaning, then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics like frequencies \u0026amp; percentages were computed. Results were presented using text, tables and figures. The presence of association between dependent and independent variables was checked with odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and p-value less than or equal to 0.05. Bivariate analyses were conducted and all variable which has cut of point p-value less than 0.2 were enter into a multiple variable logistic regression model to outline the independent predictors of the community based essential newborn care. Assumption of logistic regression: meaningful coding, normality, multicollinearity and outliers checked before final logistic regression model analysis. Multivariate outliers were checked by using cook’s distance and leverage value. Multi collinearity is checked by using variance inflation factors and tolerance test. The Hosmer-Lemeshow tests and Omnibus tests of model coefficient were checked to assess goodness-of-fit model.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the study participants\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc496938471\"/\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc9158693\"/\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc9844932\"/\u003eA total 495 sampled population 490 with the response rate of 98.9% were in included in this study. Among babies participated in the study, 55.53% of were males. Concerning to ethnic groups, the Koore accounted 448 (91.8%). Regarding to the marital status of mothers, 447(91.2%) were currently married or cohabiting and 5.1% were married but not live with husband. Mothers who had formal education and illiterate were 216 (44.1%) and 141 (28.8%) respectively. Protestant religion followers accounted 386(78.8%) followed by Orthodox 75 (15.3%). Regarding to past 12 months’ work status of Mothers of study babies, 57.1% and 33.5% of the study participants were house-wives and farmers respectively (\u003cb\u003eTable 1\u003c/b\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp/\u003e\n\u003cp/\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc497739267\"/\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc9229252\"/\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Level of Essential Community Based New-born Care (CBNC) Practice\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc497739269\"/\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc497739270\"/\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc9229254\"/\u003eMothers practices of new born care, around 309 (63.1%), 295(60.2%) and 290 (59.2%) of mother initiate breast-feeding immediately after birth, safe cord cutting and delayed bathing respectively (\u003cb\u003eTable 2\u003c/b\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe overall community based newborn care practice in regard with three parameters i.e. delayed bathing for first 24 hours, safe cord cutting and early initiation of breast feeding (within one hour of birth) was 142 (29%)\u003ci\u003e \u003c/i\u003e(\u003cb\u003eFigure 1\u003c/b\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFactors Independently Associated with Essential Community Based New-born Care (CBNC) Practices\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc497739271\"/\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc9229255\"/\u003eTo determined independent predictors of CBNC practice, 11 variables from socio-demographic, pregnancy \u0026amp; obstetric and informational related factors having p-value ≤0.2 on bivariate analysis were fitted into the final model. Accordingly, formal paternal education [AOR=2.28; 95%CI:1.07-4.84, p\u0026lt;0.03], mothers able to read and write [AOR=0.35; 95%CI: 0.16-0.75, p\u0026lt;0.007], last delivery assisted by relative or friends [AOR=3.58; 95%CI: 1.66-7.73, p\u0026lt;0.001], having awareness about CBNC [AOR=3.49; 95%CI: 2.11-5.77, p\u0026lt;0.001], awareness about newborn danger sign[AOR=2.18; 95%CI: 1.29-3.68, p\u0026lt;0.004] and having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan [AOR=3.52; 95%CI: 1.97-6.29, p\u0026lt;0.001] were identified as independent factors associated with (CBNC) Practice. In contrast to this, ANC visits during last pregnancy, number of last fetus, early PNC for last birth by HEW and counseling about CBNC in the last 12 months were not significantly associated with Essential Community Based New-born Care (CBNC) Practice in final model (\u003cb\u003eTable 3\u003c/b\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to assess community based essential newborn care practices and associated factors among women who gave birth at home in the last 12 months preceding the survey in Amaro woreda southern Ethiopia. Of the total study participants included in the analysis, 142(29%) were practiced CBNC. However, 60.2 % neonate received clean cord care, 63.1% mothers initiated breast-feeding within one hour and 59.5% received appropriate bathing, which is comparable with study conducted in Southwest Ethiopia (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_18\"\u003e18\u003c/a\u003e)\u003cb\u003e. \u003c/b\u003eThe prevalence of community based essential new-born care (CBNC) practice in this study is considered to be higher as compared to other studies reports from Amhara (23.1%) and Aksum (26.7%) (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_9\"\u003e9\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_10\"\u003e10\u003c/a\u003e)\u003cb\u003e. \u003c/b\u003eThis discrepancy may be due to the fact that some of the former studies include both home and facility delivery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the current study, paternal education was found to have statistically significant association with community based essential newborn care practices. Babies born to fathers having formal education were two times more likely receiving CBNC than babies born to illiterate fathers’\u003cb\u003e. \u003c/b\u003eThis finding is consistent with finding in Bangladesh [AOR=1.3], Gojam, Ethiopia [AOR=7.02], Welkite, southwest Ethiopia [AOR=1.21], (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_9\"\u003e9\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_17\"\u003e17-19\u003c/a\u003e). This might be due to the fact that education in the real world has a positive significant effect to practice any healthy life for mothers and children as well families. However, in the current study mothers able to read and write were 65% less practicing CBNC than illiterate mothers. It need further investigation. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMothers who had her last delivery at home by assisted with relatives or friends were found to be 3.58 times more likely practicing CBNC than those assisted by HW at home This may be due to poor quality of counseling by HEW or HWs results in strong peer pressure to change their view towards CBNC practice. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHaving awareness about CBNC is the most important reported factors in the population (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_9\"\u003e15\u003c/a\u003e, 19). Besides of the above reported risk factors the level of practicing the community based essential new-born care (CBNC) was 3.49 times highly common among those mothers who had awareness about CBNC than those who did not informed. This finding was consistent with finding in eastern Tigray [AOR=5.63], Aksum town [AOR = 3.36] and Gojam, Ethiopia [AOR=7.9] (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_9\"\u003e9\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_10\"\u003e10\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_17\"\u003e17\u003c/a\u003e). The finding was found to be contrary to finding in Welkite town, Ethiopia [AOR=0.17] (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_19\"\u003e19\u003c/a\u003e). This discrepancy may be due to socio-demographic and socio-cultural differences among participants in different demography of the country. Another reason for variation may be due to the time effect that study conducted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeonatal danger has become a substantial problem in many developing countries like Ethiopia. In this regard, health-seeking behavior of mothers for neonatal care highly relies on their knowledge about neonatal danger sign, and it has been hardly investigated (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_24\"\u003e24\u003c/a\u003e). In this community-based study, individuals who had awareness about newborn danger sign were 2.18 times more likely practicing community based essential newborn care (CBNC) as compared to the counterpart. The finding in this study considered to be in line with a community based study conducted in Enugu state, South-East Nigeria and North West of Ethiopia (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_24\"\u003e24\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_25\"\u003e25\u003c/a\u003e). This finding might be due to the fact that those mothers who had a positive awareness about neonatal danger sign experienced of how to practice CBNC.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBirth preparedness and complication readiness (BP and CR) is a safe motherhood comprehensive strategy and matrix that includes shared responsibility among the woman and her family, the community, healthcare providers, facilities that serve them, and the policies that affect care for the woman and the newborn (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_26\"\u003e26\u003c/a\u003e). Accordingly, the likelihood of Community based essential new-born care (CBNC) practice among those having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan was 3.52 more prone to practice CBNC than counterpart. This finding was in line with finding in Kofale District, South East Ethiopia (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_26\"\u003e26\u003c/a\u003e) and it was found to be due to the fact that having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan positively affect the mothers practice to ward community based essential new born care.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike many other study findings, this study did not reveal any association of community based essential new-born care (CBNC) practice with number of ANC visits during last pregnancy, number of last fetus, early PNC for last birth by HEW and counseling about CBNC in the last 12 months. This might be illustrated by variations related to study population, setting, socio-demographic, socio -economic and cultural difference.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc497739272\"/\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc505158698\"/\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc505166792\"/\u003eOne of the strength of this study was findings can be generalized to similar settings and population in other parts of the country since this study is primary data and a community based study\u003cb\u003e.\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, around 71% of mother who give home birth and participated in this study were not practicing essential newborn care, which is fare lower than many other studies. The study identified both positive and negative factors towards to CBNC practice. Accordingly, having formal paternal educational, delivery assisted by relative or friends, having awareness about CBNC, having awareness about newborn danger sign and having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan were positively affecting an essential community based new-born Care (CBNC) Practice. However, maternal educations were negatively associated with community based essential newborn care practices. Therefore, government should take remedial action on education improvement, action should be taken to improve community knowledge on newborn danger sign, birth preparedness and complication readiness. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declaration","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate \u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca name=\"_Toc475311570\"/\u003eEthical approval was obtained from institutional ethical review board of College of Medicine and Health Science Arba Minch University. A formal letter was written to the different administrative bodies and organizations to obtain permission to conduct the research in the settings then permission obtained from zonal health department to conduct this research in the setting. Finally, informed written consent was obtained from study participants before interview. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp/\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConsent to publish\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable. But, we didn’t taken image, voice and video recorded. By considering the benefit of the study the findings is summited for publication . \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAvailability of data and material \u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used for current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFunding \u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot received \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthors’ contributions\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMA and MS design the original proposal, MS, SH, GT, GG, BT and WG were conducted analyses and interpretation. All authors were participated on discussion and recommendation part of study. MS was wrote final manuscript. Finally, all authors approved the manuscript. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp/\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAcknowledgments \u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers would like to thanks Arba Minch University for financial contribution and also study participants, supervisors and data collectors for their contribution on the success of this research.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Reference","content":"\u003cp class=\"endNote_Bibliography\"\u003e\u003ca name=\"_ENREF_1\"/\u003e1. Berhanu DA, B. Community Based Newborn Care in Ethiopia: Quality of CBNC programme assessment Midline Evaluation Report March 2017. Technical Report. 2017.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"endNote_Bibliography\"\u003e\u003ca name=\"_ENREF_2\"/\u003e2. Della Berhanu BA. Community Based Newborn Care: Quality of CBNC programme assessment - midline evaluation report, . London: March 2017.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"endNote_Bibliography\"\u003e\u003ca name=\"_ENREF_3\"/\u003e3. FMOH. 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Diversity and Equality in Health and Care. 2018;25(1):23-9.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eTable 1: Socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants in Amaro District, SNNPR, Ethiopia, October-December, 2018 (N=490)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\" width=\"625\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 9.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 9.4pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: left; line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 23.45pt center 46.2pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Variables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 9.4pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eCategories\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 9.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eN\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 9.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 12.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 12.55pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eSex of baby\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 12.55pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eMale\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 12.55pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e271\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 12.55pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e55.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10.35pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 10.35pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eFemale\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 10.35pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e219\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 10.35pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e44.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 9.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 9.85pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eAge of baby\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 9.85pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eLess than 2 months\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 9.85pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e113\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 9.85pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e23.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.8pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 14.8pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e2 up to 6 months\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 14.8pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e218\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 14.8pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e44.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 10.75pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eMore than 6 months\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 10.75pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e159\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 10.75pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e32.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 1.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eAge of mother\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e15-24 years\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e108\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e22.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.25pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e25-34 years\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.25pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e320\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 15.25pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e65.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.45pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026ge;35 years\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e12.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 1.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eEthnicity\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eKoore\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e448\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e91.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 5.8pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 5.8pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eWolyta \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 5.8pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 5.8pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e4.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 10.75pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eOthers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 10.75pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 10.75pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e4.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.0pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eReligion\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.0pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin: 3.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eProtestant\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.0pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e386\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.0pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e78.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.45pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin: 3.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eOrthodox\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e75\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e15.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.8pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 14.8pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin: 3.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eOthers\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 14.8pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 14.8pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e5.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 11.65pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 11.65pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eMarital status of Mother\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 11.65pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Married and live with husband\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 11.65pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e447\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 11.65pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e91.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 1.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eMarried but not live with husband\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e5.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 8.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 8.5pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eOthers**\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 8.5pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 8.5pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e3.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.9pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.9pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eOccupational status of Mother\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.9pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eHouse wife\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.9pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e280\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.9pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e57.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.35pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 14.35pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eFarmer\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 14.35pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e164\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 14.35pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e33.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 1.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 207.55pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eOthers***\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 1.0pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e9.4\u003ca style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 115%;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eOthers( Gurage, Tigray, Amhara) , Others* (Catholic and Muslim), Others** ( widowed, divorced, single)\u0026nbsp; , Others*** (Merchant\u0026nbsp; and Government employee).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTable 2: Types of essential new-born Care Practices, \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eof the study participants in Amaro District, SNNPR, Ethiopia, October-December, 2018 \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e(N=490)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 495.0pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\" width=\"660\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eVariables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 229.5pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"306\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eCategories\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eFrequency\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eNew-born Bathing\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 229.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"306\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eImmediately after birth\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e148\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e30.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.9pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 229.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.9pt;\" width=\"306\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eAfter 24 hours\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.9pt;\" width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e290\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.9pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e59.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 229.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"306\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eAfter 2 day and above of birth\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e10.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eInitiation of breast feeding\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 229.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"306\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eImmediately after birth \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e309\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e63.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 229.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"306\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eAfter one hours\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e168\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e34.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 229.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"306\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eOthers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e2.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 148.5pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eSafe Cord Cutting\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 229.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"306\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eCut with boiled blade \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e295\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e60.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 229.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"306\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eCut with un-boiled blade\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e161\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e32.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 229.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"306\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eOthers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e6.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; page-break-after: avoid;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; page-break-after: avoid;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003eTable 3: Factor Associated with CBNC practice of the study participants in Amaro District:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; regression models showing adjusted odds ratios, 95 % confidence intervals.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\" width=\"696\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-bottom: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eVariables \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eCategory\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eCBNC practiced\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eAOR (95%CI)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eP-value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eYes (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eNo (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-bottom: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eSex of Baby\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eMale\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e65 (24.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e206(76.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eFemale\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e77 (35.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e142(64.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1.45 (0.90-2.33)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eEducational status of mother\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eIlliterate\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e40(28.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e101(71.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eread and write\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e25(18.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e108(81.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.35 (0.16-0.75)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.007\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eformal education\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e77(35.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e139(64.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.70 (0.36-1.38)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.65pt; border-top: none; border-left: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-bottom: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eEducational status of father\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eIlliterate\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e19(22.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e67(77.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.65pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eread and write\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e24(20.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e96(80.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1.36 (0.58-3.21)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.480\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eformal education\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e99(35.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e184(65.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e2.28 (1.07-4.84)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.033\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-bottom: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"4\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eANC visits during last pregnancy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e43(25.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e127(74.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eOnce\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e25(35.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e45(64.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1.56(0.36-1.60)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.76\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e2 up to 3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e35(25.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e100(74.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1..73 (0.29-1.03)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.54\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003efour times\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e39(34.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e75(65.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e2.35(0.56-1.98)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003elast delivery assisted by\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eTBA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e25(26.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e69(73.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e2.09 (0.84-5.22)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eRelative(friends)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e105(32.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e215(67.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e3.58 (1.66-7.73)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eHEW/HW/Others\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e12(15.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e64(84.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eNumber of last fetus\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eSingle\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e134(28.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e338(71.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.42 (0.14-1.27)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 13.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eTwin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e8(44.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e10(55.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eEarly PNC for last birth by HEW\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e55(37.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e93(62.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1.42 (0.82-2.46)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e87(25.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e255(74.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eInformation about CBNC \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e77(47.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e85(52.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e3.49 (2.11-5.77)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e65(19.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e263(80.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eInformation about newborn danger sign\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e67(45.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e80(54.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e2.18 (1.29-3.68)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.004\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e75 (21.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e268(78.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eCounseling about CBNC in the last 12 months\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e67(41.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e94(58.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1.61 (0.95-2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 45.15pt; border: none; border-right: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"60\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 4.0pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e0.07\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 89.95pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e75(22.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e254 (77.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.65pt; 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border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 8.5pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 3.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e149(87.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 130.65pt; border: solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 8.5pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 16.0pt; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in 3.0pt .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: verdana, geneva; color: #000000;\"\u003e**Significance at p_ value \u0026lt;0.001, * significance at p_ value \u0026lt;0.05.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"community based cross sectional study, essential newborn care practices Amaro district","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.2.13490/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.13490/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Introduction:- Significant numbers of women are giving birth at home; in this case community based newborn care is a means of bringing life-saving care to mothers and newborns at the community level. However, practice is challenging within the Ethiopian health system.\n\nObjective:- The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of community based newborn care practices and its associated factors among women who gave birth at home in Amaro Woreda, southern Ethiopia, 2019.\n\nMethods:- Across-sectional study was conducted on 490 women in the reproductive age groups of 15-49 in Amaro district and by using simple random sampling technique individual was recruited. Data collected through face-to-face interview at household level. EpiData version 3.1 statistical software was used for entry and SPSS version 20 for was used for data cleaning, management and analysis. Bi-variate and multivariate logistic regression analysis employed for analysis of factors associated with Community based newborn care practices.\n\nResults:- A total 490 of study participants were included in the analysis and only 29% practiced community based essential newborn care. Educational status of father [AOR=2.28; 95%CI:1.07-4.84] \u0026 mother [AOR=0.35; 95%CI: 0.16-0.75], last delivery assisted by relative/friends [AOR=3.58; 95%CI: 1.66-7.73], having awareness about Community based newborn care [AOR=3.49; 95%CI: 2.11-5.77], awareness about newborn danger sign [AOR=2.18; 95%CI: 1.29-3.68] and having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan [AOR=3.52; 95%CI: 1.97-6.29] were an identified independent factors associated with Community based newborn care Practice.\n\nConclusion and recommendation:- Around three-fourth (71%) of mothers were not practicing Community based newborn care. Educational status of family, awareness about community based newborn care and newborn danger sign, last delivery assisted by relative or friends at home, and having birth preparedness and complication readiness plan were identified as independent factors for community based newborn care practice. Promotion of information at community level, women empowerment and health extension program strengthening are recommending.","manuscriptTitle":"Community Based Essential Newborn Care Practices and Associated Factors among Women Who Gave Birth at Home in Last Twelve Months in Amaro Woreda, Southern Ethiopia, 2019","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2019-08-23 19:32:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.13490/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"849bbbed-4108-45cc-9c0c-96278996ef43","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 23rd, 2019","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":22988,"name":"Maternal \u0026 Fetal Medicine"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2019-08-23 19:32:02","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4199","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"identity":"rs-4199","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}