Livelihood Diversification and Income Effect of Refugees on Host Community: Evidence from Southwest Ethiopia

Livelihood Diversification and Income Effect of Refugees on Host Community: Evidence from Southwest Ethiopia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Livelihood Diversification and Income Effect of Refugees on Host Community: Evidence from Southwest Ethiopia Kher Deng Tholbok This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5949590/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract International migration and the burden of refugees have become pressing global concerns, particularly in developing countries. Ethiopia, as one of Africa’s largest hosts of international migrants, faces challenges and opportunities posed by refugee presence. This study investigates the impacts of refugees on livelihood diversification and household income in Gambella, southwest Ethiopia. A stratified sampling method identified 200 households based on proximity to refugee camps. Binary logistic regression and propensity score matching were employed for analysis. Results indicate significant negative effects on rural household income, with losses estimated at -105,945.73 ETB. This research underscores the need for tailored livelihood strategies and further exploration of refugee impacts on host community well-being. Agricultural Economics and Policy Environmental Policy Economic impacts Livelihood diversity Refugee-host Propensity score matching Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5949590","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":410408135,"identity":"05ea2fbd-5969-4e9a-8531-d6c17bffdc91","order_by":0,"name":"Kher Deng Tholbok","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCA0DM2MAgY8DAxvgAyObhI0rLwQYGHqAWZgOQFjZStLBJgAQIauE73nv49ccdNjzm7G1plV9z7GTYGJgfPrqBR4vkmXNpFgfPpPFY9hw7dlt2WzLQYWzGxjl4tBjcyDEzONh2mMfgRnrbbcltzEAtPGzSeLXcf4PQUiy5rZ4ILTd4jB9AtKQdY/y47TBhLZJncswYzraB/ZIszbjtOA8bMwG/8B0/Y/yhss1GDhhihh9/bqu252dvfvgYnxYggEQHCDDzgEn8ysFKPsBYjD8Iqx4Fo2AUjIIRCACFdEvKB0PBPwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9431-1960","institution":"Gambella University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kher","middleName":"Deng","lastName":"Tholbok","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-03 08:45:46","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5949590/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5949590/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":75380411,"identity":"fbdd3dfb-03d4-4eee-8a84-48467cd108d5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-04 02:39:57","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":403967,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5949590/v1_covered_a83a0558-aea9-41bc-97c3-90154140339a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLivelihood Diversification and Income Effect of Refugees on Host Community: Evidence from Southwest Ethiopia\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Gambella University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":" Economic impacts, Livelihood diversity, Refugee-host, Propensity score matching ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5949590/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5949590/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eInternational migration and the burden of refugees have become pressing global concerns, particularly in developing countries. 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