The hidden face of ovarian cysts: a case of incidentally detected granulosa cell tumor

Siddhi A. Kode, Madhura Pophalkar, Shailesh Kore, Siddhi S. Kore, Saroj Kumari
In: International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2025 · vol. 14(12) , pp. 4421–4424 · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20253925 · W4416763721
article OA: diamond CC0
🔓 Open OA copy Full text JSON View on OpenAlex View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-14 · read from full text ⓘ

This paper reports a single case of a 50-year-old perimenopausal woman with abnormal uterine bleeding in whom ultrasound showed an endometrial polyp and a benign-appearing ovarian cyst with normal tumor markers. After laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, histopathology unexpectedly identified an adult granulosa cell tumor in the left ovary, confirmed by characteristic histologic features and immunohistochemistry positive for SF1 and calretinin with focal inhibin expression. The tumor was staged as FIGO IA and the patient was managed with surveillance, with the case highlighting that adult granulosa cell tumors can be missed preoperatively and may recur late, requiring long-term follow-up; a key limitation is that conclusions are constrained by the single-patient case design. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) are rare ovarian sex cord–stromal neoplasms that constitute 1–2% of ovarian malignancies and are often diagnosed late due to their nonspecific clinical, radiological, and biochemical features. We describe the case of a 50-year-old perimenopausal woman who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding and was found on ultrasound to have an endometrial polyp and a benign-appearing ovarian cyst, with normal tumor markers. She underwent laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, after which histopathological examination unexpectedly revealed an adult granulosa cell tumor in the left ovary, characterized by classic Call-Exner bodies and grooved (“coffee-bean”) nuclei. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong positivity for SF1 and Calretinin with focal Inhibin expression, confirming the diagnosis. The patient was staged as FIGO IA and placed on surveillance. This case highlights the importance of routine histopathological evaluation of adnexal masses even when preoperative findings appear benign, and underscores the need for long-term follow-up because AGCTs carry a risk of late recurrence.
Full text 3,524 characters · extracted from oa-doi-fallback · click to expand
The hidden face of ovarian cysts: a case of incidentally detected granulosa cell tumor DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20253925Keywords: Adult granulosa cell tumor, Ovarian neoplasm, Sex cord-stromal tumor, Immunohistochemistry, Inhibin, SF1, CalretininAbstract Adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) are rare ovarian sex cord–stromal neoplasms that constitute 1–2% of ovarian malignancies and are often diagnosed late due to their nonspecific clinical, radiological, and biochemical features. We describe the case of a 50-year-old perimenopausal woman who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding and was found on ultrasound to have an endometrial polyp and a benign-appearing ovarian cyst, with normal tumor markers. She underwent laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, after which histopathological examination unexpectedly revealed an adult granulosa cell tumor in the left ovary, characterized by classic Call-Exner bodies and grooved (“coffee-bean”) nuclei. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong positivity for SF1 and Calretinin with focal Inhibin expression, confirming the diagnosis. The patient was staged as FIGO IA and placed on surveillance. This case highlights the importance of routine histopathological evaluation of adnexal masses even when preoperative findings appear benign, and underscores the need for long-term follow-up because AGCTs carry a risk of late recurrence. Metrics References Young RH. Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors and their mimics. Pathology. 2018;50(1):5-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2017.09.007 Schumer ST, Cannistra SA. Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(6):1180-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.10.019 Jamieson S, Fuller PJ. Management of granulosa cell tumour of the ovary. Curr Opin Oncol. 2008;20(5):560–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCO.0b013e328306316f van Meurs HS, van Lonkhuijzen LRCW, Limpens J, et al. Granulosa cell tumor recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol. 2014;134(3):497–504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.573 Mangili G, Ottolina J, Gadducci A, Giorda G, Breda E, Savarese A, et al. Long-term follow-up is crucial after treatment for granulosa cell tumours of the ovary. Br J Cancer. 2013;109(1):29-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.241 Geerts I, Vergote I, Neven P, Billen J. The role of inhibins B and antimüllerian hormone for diagnosis and follow-up of granulosa cell tumors. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2009;19(5):847–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181a702d1 Zhang M, Cheung MK, Shin JY, Kapp DS, Husain A, Teng NN, et al. Prognostic factors responsible for survival in sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary--an analysis of 376 women. Gynecol Oncol. 2007;104(2):396-400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.08.032 Suematsu S, Tanaka T, Ogura A, Ito K. Adult granulosa cell tumor of the ovary discovered after surgery for presumed benign disease: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2024;115:110729. Salkeni MA, Shin S, Takebe N, Stevens S, Chen A. Advanced Granulosa Cell Tumors of the Ovary: A Review with a Focus on Current and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. J Immunother Precis Oncol. 2024;7(4):263-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36401/JIPO-23-40 Plett H, Ricciardi E, Vacaru V, Ramspott JP, Colombo N, Sehouli J, et al. Adult ovarian granulosa cell tumors: analysis of outcomes and risk factors for recurrence. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2023;33(5):734-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2022-003854

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

⚙ Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: oa-doi-fallback ⓘ

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. This is a recent paper (2025) — citers typically take a year or two to land, and the OpenAlex reference graph may still be filling in.

References (9)

Source provenance

openalex
last seen: 2026-05-14T06:30:54.883737+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK