Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease among Tuberculosis Patients in Penang General Hospital, Malaysia

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease among Tuberculosis Patients in Penang General Hospital, Malaysia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease among Tuberculosis Patients in Penang General Hospital, Malaysia Bheesham Kingrani, Amer Hayat Khan, Sabariah Noor Harun, Faiza Abdalla Saeed Khiery, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6762084/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction: The worldwide burden of tuberculosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is extensive in developing countries. There is a contributive relationship between tuberculosis infection and CVD disease. Monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and cytokines involved in cell-mediated immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are also the main operators of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular arteries. Methodology: This study was conducted from January 2023 to August 2023, and data were collected from January 2015 to December 2022. It aimed to assess the prevalence of CVD among TB patients using different validation tools. A retrospective and descriptive research design focused on TB patients without pre-existing CVD. This study involved a convenient sampling of 402 TB patient files. Results: The present Study findings revealed a significant prevalence of CVD among TB patients, with 10.2% developing cardiovascular complications. Clinical parameters, including troponin-t high-sensitivity protein, c-reactive protein, electrocardiogram (ECG), echo-cardiograph, and cardiac enzymes, were employed to detect CVD development secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The positive result of the above clinical parameters was considered confirmation of the development of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: The findings contribute to understanding the potential relationship of Tuberculosis infection with the development of cardiovascular disease, exploring the risk factors that lead to CVD, and paving the way for targeted interventions to enhance the holistic care of TB patients. Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems Infectious Diseases Development of cardiovascular disease pulmonary tuberculosis extra-pulmonary tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis active tuberculosis latent tuberculosis atherosclerosis coronary artery disease acute coronary syndrome electrocardiogram (ECG) cardiac enzymes c-reactive protein troponin-t (hs) pulmonary embolism ischemic stroke Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files SupplementaryFiles.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6762084","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":462826909,"identity":"087ed5d4-a014-4774-acb2-3a5d62da60a6","order_by":0,"name":"Bheesham 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extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, active tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac enzymes, c-reactive protein, troponin-t (hs), pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6762084/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6762084/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction: \u003c/strong\u003eThe worldwide burden of tuberculosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is extensive in developing countries. 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