Conceptual Analysis of Self-reliance in Older Adults in South Korea

Abstract Background: With population aging becoming a global phenomenon, the burden of supporting older adults is increasing. We aimed to present the dimensions and attributes related to the independence of older adults in Korea, in order to aid with development of measurement tools and future interventional programs. Methods: Ten adults who were aged ≥65 years, lived in D city, and could move and communicate independently, were enrolled in this study. The three-stage hybrid model proposed by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim was used for our analysis. The independence levels of older adults, derived from the theoretical stage, were assessed in terms of physical, mental, and environmental dimensions. Results: The independence levels of the participants correlated with tendencies to perform daily life-independent physical activities and self-care, control their lives based on freedom, and actively maintain self-identity. Smoothly interacting with family, neighbors, and support resources while maintaining economic stability and spatial separation represented another critical aspect. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the need for an interventional approach for older adults at home to establish self-reliance and improve their quality of life in their environments. Moreover, further research is needed to develop a tool to measure the independence of older adults at home, in addition to the development of nursing intervention strategies for successful aging.