Why are embodied social signals concentrated towards the rostral region? — The rostrum concentration hypothesis

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The paper proposes a conceptual framework, the Rostrum Concentration Hypothesis (RCH), to explain why many embodied social signals in bilaterian animals are concentrated toward the anterior (“rostral”) body region. Drawing together evidence across taxa (from primates to insects), it argues this pattern arises from convergent interactions among body layout, sensory organ concentrations, attentional biases, and socio-ecological demands rather than shared anatomical homology. The authors acknowledge it is a preprint review and frames an integrated hypothesis without presenting new experimental data. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Although frequently embodied, the relationship of animal social communication with body layout has rarely been investigated from a unified cognitive perspective. Across animal taxa, socially relevant signals, ranging from facial expressions and gaze to colouration and morphology, are strikingly concentrated towards the anterior region of the body. Here, we propose the Rostrum Concentration Hypothesis (RCH), a conceptual framework positing that social signals preferentially evolve and converge along the rostral body axis across bilaterian animals. We argue that this pattern does not reflect shared anatomical homology, but rather emerged from convergent interactions among body layouts, sensory organ concentrations, attentional biases and socio-ecological demands. Drawing on evidence from various taxa spanning from primates to insects, we suggest that the rostral concentration of social signals reflects the coevolution of signal production and receiver cognitive mechanisms. By reframing ‘facial’ communication as a broader organizational principle of the body layout, the RCH reduces the risk of anthropomorphic interpretation and bridges research across behavioural ecology, cognitive science, sensory ecology and evolutionary biology.
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This is a Preprint and has not been peer reviewed. This is version 2 of this Preprint. You must log in to post a comment. There are no comments or no comments have been made public for this article. This is a Preprint and has not been peer reviewed. This is version 2 of this Preprint. Add a Comment You must log in to post a comment. Comments There are no comments or no comments have been made public for this article. Although frequently embodied, the relationship of animal social communication with body layout has rarely been investigated from a unified cognitive perspective. Across animal taxa, socially relevant signals, ranging from facial expressions and gaze to colouration and morphology, are strikingly concentrated towards the anterior region of the body. Here, we propose the Rostrum Concentration Hypothesis (RCH), a conceptual framework positing that social signals preferentially evolve and converge along the rostral body axis across bilaterian animals. We argue that this pattern does not reflect shared anatomical homology, but rather emerged from convergent interactions among body layouts, sensory organ concentrations, attentional biases and socio-ecological demands. Drawing on evidence from various taxa spanning from primates to insects, we suggest that the rostral concentration of social signals reflects the coevolution of signal production and receiver cognitive mechanisms. By reframing ‘facial’ communication as a broader organizational principle of the body layout, the RCH reduces the risk of anthropomorphic interpretation and bridges research across behavioural ecology, cognitive science, sensory ecology and evolutionary biology. https://doi.org/10.32942/X2909T Behavior and Ethology, Biological Psychology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences animal communication, convergent evolution, facial expression, facial recognition, individual recognition, signalling Published: 2026-04-09 16:56 Last Updated: 2026-04-09 16:56 CC BY Attribution 4.0 International Conflict of interest statement: None Data and Code Availability Statement: Open data/code are not available because this paper is review Language: English

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