Utilizing Phosphate Rich Compost Blocks Based on Spent Coffee Grounds and Cattle Manure with Calcium Hydroxide Addition as Chili Seedling Medium

Utilizing Phosphate Rich Compost Blocks Based on Spent Coffee Grounds and Cattle Manure with Calcium Hydroxide Addition as Chili Seedling Medium | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Utilizing Phosphate Rich Compost Blocks Based on Spent Coffee Grounds and Cattle Manure with Calcium Hydroxide Addition as Chili Seedling Medium Asmak Afriliana, Elida Novita, Ning Puji Lestari, Soni Sisbudi Harsono, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9046453/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This research aimed to develop compost blocks from coffee grounds by incorporating calcium hydroxide solution, soil, and cattle manure as composting activators, aiming to mitigate the environmental impacts of coffee waste. Coffee grounds contain harmful substances such as caffeine, tannins, polyphenols, and essential nutrients like phosphate required by plants. The process involved composting modified coffee grounds with calcium hydroxide, using varying mixes of cattle manure at 10% (K10), 20% (K20), and 30% (K30) levels. Subsequently, the compost was used in blocks with K10M (0.3 grams of K10 compost + 100 grams of soil), K20M (0.3 grams of K20 compost + 100 grams of soil), and K30M (0.3 grams of K30 compost + 100 grams of soil) variations. Throughout the study, pH, temperature, humidity changes, and N, P, and K nutrient content were monitored. Results indicated that the 30% cattle manure mix (K30) showed stable pH, the highest composting temperature, and significant P and K content. Chili plant growth varied, with the K30M variation showing significant increases in plant height, leaf number, and stem diameter, albeit below commercial compost standards. This study recommends enhancing compost quality to meet the expected. SCG Compost Calcium Hydroxide Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9046453","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":608431305,"identity":"d9d2ac17-7d28-4d72-922c-45628ce9f36e","order_by":0,"name":"Asmak Afriliana","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA60lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACxgYGOQYG9gYgkwfClyBCi7EEA88BkrVIJCBE8Grh7z+d+HEGg0GdueQbswcfZBjk+RuYG2/g0yJxI3ez5AYGAwnL2TnmhjN4GAxnHGBstsDrqhu8GyQfMPyRMLidYybNw8PAuIGBsQ2vw+TPn9388wHQFoObZ8yk//Aw2BPUYnAgdxvYYQY3eMykgSGWSFCL4Y3cbZYzDAwkd/aklUn28EgkzzhMwC9yQIfd7Kkw4DdnP7xN4mePjW1/e/tDvCEGdR4YAWOoB+gkZsLq4bqA4AexykfBKBgFo2AkAQAZJ0OYOOLSHAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of Jember","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Asmak","middleName":"","lastName":"Afriliana","suffix":""},{"id":608431306,"identity":"3ee5ba2a-610a-4186-bcd1-938648cd6662","order_by":1,"name":"Elida Novita","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Jember","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Elida","middleName":"","lastName":"Novita","suffix":""},{"id":608431307,"identity":"f79defd6-b96d-4921-83a0-851945e8ab6c","order_by":2,"name":"Ning Puji Lestari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Jember","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ning","middleName":"Puji","lastName":"Lestari","suffix":""},{"id":608431308,"identity":"914c0ed6-efff-4c3c-a08d-4c1600e6b9b9","order_by":3,"name":"Soni Sisbudi Harsono","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Jember","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Soni","middleName":"Sisbudi","lastName":"Harsono","suffix":""},{"id":608431309,"identity":"878acb2f-268b-4267-ad91-a2a6c3c65407","order_by":4,"name":"Muhammad Baharudin Najmi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Jember","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"Baharudin","lastName":"Najmi","suffix":""},{"id":608431310,"identity":"db8a32ab-d701-4712-9a04-fd64fd689bda","order_by":5,"name":"Bambang Herry Purnomo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Jember","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bambang","middleName":"Herry","lastName":"Purnomo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-06 05:53:28","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9046453/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9046453/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107440960,"identity":"2df065c3-26e2-4189-9e11-320c8037e69c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-21 13:58:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":552385,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"discoversoilrevision2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9046453/v1_covered_f667fbe5-c4d3-43c0-8117-8de2ae3f7d4a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Utilizing Phosphate Rich Compost Blocks Based on Spent Coffee Grounds and Cattle Manure with Calcium Hydroxide Addition as Chili Seedling Medium","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"SCG, Compost, Calcium Hydroxide","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9046453/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9046453/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis research aimed to develop compost blocks from coffee grounds by incorporating calcium hydroxide solution, soil, and cattle manure as composting activators, aiming to mitigate the environmental impacts of coffee waste. Coffee grounds contain harmful substances such as caffeine, tannins, polyphenols, and essential nutrients like phosphate required by plants. The process involved composting modified coffee grounds with calcium hydroxide, using varying mixes of cattle manure at 10% (K10), 20% (K20), and 30% (K30) levels. Subsequently, the compost was used in blocks with K10M (0.3 grams of K10 compost\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;100 grams of soil), K20M (0.3 grams of K20 compost\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;100 grams of soil), and K30M (0.3 grams of K30 compost\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;100 grams of soil) variations. Throughout the study, pH, temperature, humidity changes, and N, P, and K nutrient content were monitored. Results indicated that the 30% cattle manure mix (K30) showed stable pH, the highest composting temperature, and significant P and K content. 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