Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) and Terrestrial Spatial Planning (TSP). the Path Towards an Integration of Both Plans

The article reviews the current state of Marine Spatial Planning through key references such as Intergovernmental Ocean Commission (IOC-UNESCO), the High-Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy, and the Global Partnership for Oceans, clarifying the concepts widely accepted by the scientific community through these organizations. It also examines the current state of Terrestrial Spatial Planning (TSP), its basic and general concepts, regardless of specific national legislations, as territorial planning is managed and analyzed from a state, regional, and municipal perspective in all countries. From this starting point, the article analyzes a proposal for the integration of both planning systems, their benefits, and challenges. It proposes a methodology for integration from both technical and administrative perspectives to ensure governance, sustainability, and resilience against the effects of climate change, which will significantly impact the coastal strip. Proposing a joint zoning of both land and ocean, which will form the basis for the planning and governance methodology, involves integrating terrestrial and marine spatial planning into a unified framework. This approach ensures a holistic view of the environment, considering the interconnectedness of ecosystems, socio-economic activities, and the governance structures that manage them. Proper management of the land-sea interaction will guarantee both sustainability and governance, as well as a prosperous economy that respects ecosystems.