Surface Mass Balance Modelling at Naradu Glacier, Western Himalaya

Surface Mass Balance Modelling at Naradu Glacier, Western Himalaya | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Surface Mass Balance Modelling at Naradu Glacier, Western Himalaya Rajesh Kumar, Shruti Singh, Ramesh Kumar, Atar Singh, Shaktiman Singh, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-111792/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In view of climate change, Himalayan glaciers are losing its mass. In present study we analyzed 7 year long field based data series of surface mass-balance measurements performed between 2011/12 and 2017/18 at Naradu glacier, western Himalaya. The average specific mass balance for the studied period was 0.83 m w.e. with a highest melting of 1.15 m w.e. The analysis of topographic features showed that south and southeast aspect along with the presence of debris cover area and the slope between 18 to 36 degree are the major factors which causes highest melting from a particular zone. For better understanding of SMB variability and its causes, multiple linear regression analyses (MLRA) was performed by taking temperature and precipitation as predictors. The temperature and precipitation records were taken from NASA GIOVANNI website. The MLRA shows that 71% of the variance of observed SMB can be explained by temperature and precipitation. The MLRA shows the importance of summer half-year temperature. This variable alone explains the 64% variance of observed SMB. The seasonal period analysis showed that with two predictor variables most of the SMB variability is described by summer temperature and winter precipitation. All monthly combinations show that SMB variance is best described by June temperature and September precipitation. Environmental Engineering Surface Mass Naradu Glacier Western Himalaya Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 14 Dec, 2020 Reviews received at journal 27 Nov, 2020 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Nov, 2020 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Nov, 2020 Reviewers invited by journal 20 Nov, 2020 Editor assigned by journal 20 Nov, 2020 Editor invited by journal 20 Nov, 2020 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Nov, 2020 First submitted to journal 19 Nov, 2020 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-111792","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":5075878,"identity":"91a88fe5-7678-4584-9049-7cfeccb94c62","order_by":0,"name":"Rajesh Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Central University of Rajasthan","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rajesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""},{"id":5075879,"identity":"5b204090-5a2b-4468-b23e-145db6ff438a","order_by":1,"name":"Shruti Singh","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Sharda University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shruti","middleName":"","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":5075880,"identity":"f250d116-be62-47bb-b8f3-289ac27257b4","order_by":2,"name":"Ramesh Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sharda University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ramesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""},{"id":5075881,"identity":"043b2b29-eb78-4951-b038-c29b480ccb55","order_by":3,"name":"Atar Singh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sharda University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Atar","middleName":"","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":5075882,"identity":"f78f89db-a39d-4b4c-92b8-7252785c5c31","order_by":4,"name":"Shaktiman Singh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Aberdeen","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shaktiman","middleName":"","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":5075883,"identity":"5fbec6f6-d6b0-4a98-bb29-dc8990cee32b","order_by":5,"name":"Surjeet Randhawa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State Council for Science Technology \u0026 Environment, Shimla","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Surjeet","middleName":"","lastName":"Randhawa","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2020-11-19 12:14:04","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-111792/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-111792/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":3828418,"identity":"d42d94c0-1233-4d63-b41d-b519f664dd5c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-11-25 18:26:21","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":122499,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Specific ablation with elevation during the year (a) 2011-12/ (b) 2012/13/ (c) 2013/14, (d) 2014/15,\n (e) 2015/16, (f) 2016/17 and (g) 2017/18\n","description":"","filename":"Figure1.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-111792/v1/799afca06d2a90391351615a.JPG"},{"id":3828419,"identity":"04485a98-9781-4471-917b-4826530eca80","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-11-25 18:26:21","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":84189,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Naradu glacier map showing a) aspect, b) debris covered area and c) slope of different elevation zone.","description":"","filename":"Figure2.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-111792/v1/098ca252babaed4fd8687dbc.JPG"},{"id":3828420,"identity":"394548fa-6175-45d8-905a-f8b4e2c7eadf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-11-25 18:26:22","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":49735,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"a) SMB against elevation for different years for three selected stakes (before projection to initial elevation); b) SMB against elevation for different years for three selected stakes (before projection to initial elevation).","description":"","filename":"Figure3.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-111792/v1/c1f3bb500147f0e2c5b0c9ff.JPG"},{"id":3828421,"identity":"d42fb56a-9362-482b-9545-ade1546b39ca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-11-25 18:26:22","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":26975,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Standard Deviation of individual stake during 7 years period","description":"","filename":"Figure4.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-111792/v1/8e4cd407b809b6ebc2e6bcd2.JPG"},{"id":3828422,"identity":"8f09a42d-abbf-4b35-9812-d5ccbdecc97a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-11-25 18:26:22","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":32318,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"SMB perturbation for 3 selected stakes","description":"","filename":"Figure5.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-111792/v1/da53d22d86441283b8a71531.JPG"},{"id":3828423,"identity":"fd2cda94-1c4b-47b6-8252-61571deb6166","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-11-25 18:26:22","extension":"jpg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":112655,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Observed SMB Perturbation and modelled SMB perturbation based on MLRA using two predictors (a) annual temperature and annual precipitation, (b) Summer half-year temperature and winter half-year temperature, (c) June temperature and September precipitation. The round cap red dash line is the observed SMB, the round cap solid blue line is the calculated SMB signal resulting from the MLRA.","description":"","filename":"Figure6.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-111792/v1/3c1851fe47dfd15a14648a5e.jpg"},{"id":3828424,"identity":"cbd05c91-24a9-4695-8dff-8ccc0a7c86d3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-11-25 18:26:22","extension":"jpg","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":67565,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Annual specific glacier mass balance available in Indian Himalayan Region (Singh et al., 2018) with the present study.","description":"","filename":"Figure7.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-111792/v1/e74edf5dbd27472ccd4d52d0.JPG"},{"id":3828425,"identity":"243e16a2-da5e-4051-866e-4f475578581e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-11-25 18:26:22","extension":"jpg","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":42059,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Location map of Naradu glacier in the Naradu catchment area","description":"","filename":"Figure8.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-111792/v1/47d57c2a97dc9fda069869eb.JPG"},{"id":3828426,"identity":"f1914dba-6fad-4d0f-9886-ba95f3fb33d2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-11-25 18:26:22","extension":"jpg","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":932926,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"(a) Monthly temperature and precipitation at Naradu basin; (b) Seasonal temperature and precipitation at Naradu basin","description":"","filename":"Figure9.JPG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-111792/v1/19bf72e0e5176ae1e91767cc.JPG"},{"id":13558373,"identity":"fb12a580-ec67-4787-9187-f805faae1730","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 02:56:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1322580,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-111792/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":3828427,"identity":"57795773-9dc8-45ca-b5d5-0d870bc42fd2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-11-25 18:26:25","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1333026,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-111792/v1_stamped.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Surface Mass Balance Modelling at Naradu Glacier, Western Himalaya","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-111792/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Surface Mass, Naradu Glacier, Western Himalaya","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-111792/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-111792/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"In view of climate change, Himalayan glaciers are losing its mass. In present study we analyzed 7 year long field based data series of surface mass-balance measurements performed between 2011/12 and 2017/18 at Naradu glacier, western Himalaya. The average specific mass balance for the studied period was 0.83 m w.e. with a highest melting of 1.15 m w.e. The analysis of topographic features showed that south and southeast aspect along with the presence of debris cover area and the slope between 18 to 36 degree are the major factors which causes highest melting from a particular zone. For better understanding of SMB variability and its causes, multiple linear regression analyses (MLRA) was performed by taking temperature and precipitation as predictors. The temperature and precipitation records were taken from NASA GIOVANNI website. The MLRA shows that 71% of the variance of observed SMB can be explained by temperature and precipitation. The MLRA shows the importance of summer half-year temperature. This variable alone explains the 64% variance of observed SMB. The seasonal period analysis showed that with two predictor variables most of the SMB variability is described by summer temperature and winter precipitation. All monthly combinations show that SMB variance is best described by June temperature and September precipitation.","manuscriptTitle":"Surface Mass Balance Modelling at Naradu Glacier, Western Himalaya","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2020-11-25 18:26:20","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-111792/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2020-12-14T07:04:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-11-27T12:18:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"dfd2cbb2-7152-4cab-b892-57ce6c99f892","date":"2020-11-26T03:38:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"9fa4ae1d-e0c7-45e6-9f85-3cafc32a9fa1","date":"2020-11-21T07:29:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2020-11-20T19:10:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-11-20T19:01:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-11-20T18:25:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-11-20T10:28:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2020-11-19T12:11:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0834dc3a-ec71-40c4-a956-7d3a44035825","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 25th, 2020","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":1205143,"name":"Environmental Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-05-17T08:59:11+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2020-11-25 18:26:20","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-111792","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-111792","identity":"rs-111792","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"rHA-KDH7Qsr4HCuvH75dn","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}