Identification of Key Pathways and Genes in Dementia via Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis

To provide a better understanding of dementia at the molecular level, this study aimed to identify the genes and key pathways associated with dementia by using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Based on the expression profiling by high throughput sequencing dataset GSE153960 derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between patients with dementia and healthy controls were identified. With DEGs, we performed a series of functional enrichment analyses. Then, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network was constructed, analyzed and visualized, with which the hub genes miRNAs and TFs nodes were screened out. Finally, validation of hub genes was performed by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. A total of 948 DEGs were screened out, among which 475 genes were up regulated; while 473 were down regulated. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that DEGs were mainly involved in defense response, ion transport, neutrophil degranulation and neuronal system. The hub genes (CDK1, TOP2A, MAD2L1, RSL24D1, CDKN1A, NOTCH3, MYB, PWP2, WNT7B and HSPA12B) were identified from PPI network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network. We identified a series of key genes along with the pathways that were most closely related with dementia initiation and progression. Our results provide a more detailed molecular mechanism for the advancement of dementia, shedding light on the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.