Therapeutic Strategies for Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Arabia:The Role of Natural and Synthetic Compounds

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health concern in Saudi Arabia, with rising incidence rates and limited treatment responsiveness in advanced stages. This review presents an in-depth analysis of preclinical and experimental research conducted within the region, focusing on natural products and synthetic compounds with therapeutic potential. Plant-derived extracts, marine bioactives, and engineered molecules have shown efficacy in inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle, and modulating critical signaling pathways in CRC models. Additionally, novel nanotechnology-based delivery systems and combination therapies are emerging as promising approaches to overcome drug resistance and improve treatment precision. This review highlights translational research directions and underscores the need for clinical validation of these compounds to enhance CRC management and patient outcomes in Saudi Arabia.