Prediction of the torsional stiffness of a 24 kV marine power cable

Prediction of the torsional stiffness of a 24 kV marine power cable | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Prediction of the torsional stiffness of a 24 kV marine power cable Rucille Ramlal, Dawood Ahmed Desai, Lamine Dieng This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7656184/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 03 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper presents a numerical approach based on a simplified, scaled-down finite element (FE) model to predict the dynamic torsional behavior of a 24 kV dynamic power cable (DPC), since torsion-induced FE models are underrepresented in the current literature. The study focuses on estimating the torsional stiffness of the cable, a key mechanical property during early design stages. The FE model is developed using ABAQUS 2025 and calibrated through experimental torsion and traction tests performed at Université Gustave Eiffel in Bouguenais, France. The numerical domain is reduced to a representative section of the cable, enabling efficient modeling while preserving the essential mechanical interactions. To validate the model, simulation results are compared with both experimental data and an analytical axial stress calculation based on the equations developed by Witz and Tan ( 1992 ). The results show strong agreement across all approaches, demonstrating the model’s reliability in capturing the linear torsional response of the DPC. This work confirms that a simplified FE model can serve as an effective predictive tool for torsional stiffness in the initial phases of offshore cable design. Torsion Dynamic Power Cable Axisymmetric loading Torsion-traction coupling Finite Element Method Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 03 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 21 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 16 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 08 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 29 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 22 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 22 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 19 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7656184","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":526960612,"identity":"4c704288-62f1-48de-9034-56c0c4c3e642","order_by":0,"name":"Rucille Ramlal","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABFklEQVRIie2RsWrDMBCGTxjs5ULXMzb1K9hkSamLX0XB0Cl06ZIptRvwpAdI6ctYCJLFD+DSJX6CegwU0l66tmro1kHfInTo4/47ATgc/5AL0PVeYv6QBBVfcYZf52+EtVmnY3wrM2UA2pgQ2zNKanZNuMmNhL5kJSc4q8BWNxEuvDvx9LaNxgXFnEyMB1glNkMovb7Gzr8PotKntuNg2HqhAj+zzeSRrl8nCkX9zIpWhAVJiHgRwqb4yVBFkyOJ6sWwcuQuyd57B6DCpiDox3CD6bzqPQ6GrBD43IUrFoVA85JRTjNVTmfdScF5c6VSWdqUot0N/JUfl0mgh36JeYGBMf1hubqxKT9xGjz9w3uHw+FwfOMTsotUOIgRl8oAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Tshwane University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rucille","middleName":"","lastName":"Ramlal","suffix":""},{"id":526960613,"identity":"f4d64383-281a-45f4-be1e-c67f3e03d1fe","order_by":1,"name":"Dawood Ahmed Desai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tshwane University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dawood","middleName":"Ahmed","lastName":"Desai","suffix":""},{"id":526960614,"identity":"fe438a73-35b6-4615-8dca-1a2a3da1d957","order_by":2,"name":"Lamine Dieng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université Gustave Eiffel","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lamine","middleName":"","lastName":"Dieng","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-19 08:23:34","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7656184/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7656184/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-026-00467-4","type":"published","date":"2026-02-03T15:57:29+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":93264158,"identity":"9782fd1b-9f52-49fa-86a3-9c5adedf3100","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:58","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8426150,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PaperRamlalRDDesaiDiengLTUTEiffel.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/d27389102b91dfbda0f83429.docx"},{"id":93375406,"identity":"a569d256-e9dd-478d-9c72-e3d9332debe4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:08:06","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4719,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"773b392065b243239284b3cf6561ec3e.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/f5901a10ad0ba84cd6aeff56.json"},{"id":93264156,"identity":"03f5ca0b-2899-4af4-b003-66857576c98d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:58","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":73056,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"773b392065b243239284b3cf6561ec3e1enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/ccad47cb39e723118c598d15.xml"},{"id":93264153,"identity":"327b229d-6201-48bb-bd87-96f57d2fd2fb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:58","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":837,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/80670b910653fe99385dfad2.png"},{"id":93375403,"identity":"6b39170d-0029-4c1d-83ea-df6db1c5964c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:07:07","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2606175,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/2028081427a2b2d357de277b.png"},{"id":93264151,"identity":"1615557e-33f2-4ecf-8822-d61e3c146090","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:58","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":11032,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/b1c3c19b23342be977709593.png"},{"id":93264160,"identity":"59b4eccc-e384-49a4-8199-6f5bfc397a49","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:58","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1952343,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/e5f24a6faa6e90020dcfe2fd.png"},{"id":93264154,"identity":"3cf28869-786b-4db2-9796-4fa3392af4d7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:58","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10928,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/15612cf2ff3211544f48eb4e.png"},{"id":93375401,"identity":"6ef4d730-9ff6-4c90-a04f-4e0a3643c657","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:06:51","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":114482,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/9e3bf9e6153f95a2f5c8087a.png"},{"id":93375433,"identity":"b59b8b36-bee5-4818-b3d6-5987d77bf42f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:09:23","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":96151,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/378832b5b118725d4e11b223.png"},{"id":93375430,"identity":"31528cd5-e5cd-4e84-a3ff-f90ecf7daf13","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:09:19","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":78115,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage16.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/62c27deadcd53e85ab5c1ed3.png"},{"id":93375388,"identity":"bcb5060b-5224-4b78-9032-b319f89a2ac8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 07:54:14","extension":"jpeg","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":378999,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage17.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/35cf34559efd3b1a51a840ee.jpeg"},{"id":93264166,"identity":"dfb32eaf-1f8d-485f-8932-c25ec3c58983","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:58","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6147,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage18.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/b4ff0bb79785a6b14796c99c.png"},{"id":93264171,"identity":"cadbc782-1261-4ee7-8cbb-8502e33ea6da","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10092,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage19.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/486e8ca46cbe8a3904b98f81.png"},{"id":93375569,"identity":"8a145216-0163-4eaf-b1bd-2b41d315d3af","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:10:06","extension":"jpeg","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14467,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/654fc8ddd0f9bb6c8a54c82a.jpeg"},{"id":93375390,"identity":"93d6a9bd-67d7-407d-8e01-b169d6625a15","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 07:56:47","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":161543,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage20.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/f792f32c9dd038723be71d13.png"},{"id":93264164,"identity":"b83efb2f-9762-4647-ac16-d8cf4db0c0eb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:58","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":19972,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage21.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/4ea60d430ff4c0a6dce466f5.png"},{"id":93264162,"identity":"bada58cc-f589-489c-acff-6feb4fa0564e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:58","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":126212,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage22.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/a107ec0de13aa5c9d5307430.png"},{"id":93264163,"identity":"25c33d0c-47a6-497d-9411-04ed38e61ac1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:58","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":26516,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage23.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/9edb1912fce320526b6d935b.png"},{"id":93375483,"identity":"1442ba99-3a60-4c9f-9007-74ed21d9da33","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:09:39","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12969,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage24.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/84a5ebd09fbd0c48d62bf00b.png"},{"id":93375392,"identity":"f4a4bf60-30a1-4755-a875-d8e259716e34","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 07:56:54","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":72390,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/72d7f93f3c40d9e1e3942546.png"},{"id":93264168,"identity":"757a8054-84ec-4724-b267-eed07f857a36","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:58","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":198854,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/d15419c551f002f302c3d2b4.png"},{"id":93264179,"identity":"eae3bcdb-3462-4daa-a3cb-c1acbbcc57f9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":202114,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/7006c1c0b07a414c67bbb4c3.png"},{"id":93264195,"identity":"0374a7aa-a0bf-42fb-9d57-54d160fa22d4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":39332,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/9b1297659107f392de8ed0e6.png"},{"id":93264169,"identity":"40d4dc09-3b42-40be-aa01-1c4ec6d655aa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:58","extension":"png","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":102329,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/a92dcd950795b1d5a8361b9e.png"},{"id":93264174,"identity":"40fe904a-f267-4705-b14b-0ea19aecb65b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":78701,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/dc1fa8371541649ce6eb0fce.png"},{"id":93264182,"identity":"72fadb97-0d6c-4b6f-a7a6-37f4052df63d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2221194,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/ae17dbec7b925d47099f7291.png"},{"id":93375570,"identity":"9d39c092-2f58-45b1-9def-042e632fa8a9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:10:08","extension":"png","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":704,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/7dd364c31dfc9383f52cf5d7.png"},{"id":93264170,"identity":"938c9527-6b7e-43aa-b8da-b656c12a985c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1692669,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/6da218143e1f5b76cecbff60.png"},{"id":93264192,"identity":"8130c97f-dde3-4d8d-a1ba-26f7b4e8c2e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4151,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/20afef3d5e00ed701bb14fa4.png"},{"id":93375539,"identity":"c575cc24-ed19-41fa-abb3-377b89b2ed47","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:09:55","extension":"png","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1094445,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/0769151dc32d0c74de1c8eba.png"},{"id":93264187,"identity":"e63734e8-3469-426c-b75d-f5d340bc6346","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4819,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/01d3f7d301f970c8110d50a8.png"},{"id":93264176,"identity":"e4df553c-6801-4877-86eb-df6ec194d79f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":18789,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/156bf17bcfe7965540e1be4c.png"},{"id":93375393,"identity":"c09bb5fe-0ec8-4b7f-9d88-77f81f6104e7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 07:57:12","extension":"png","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":16275,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/8c0565341b7f84fe5722066d.png"},{"id":93375480,"identity":"34214277-dee4-4a99-bc59-470bdb339641","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:09:36","extension":"png","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14904,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage16.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/d9231732262b5c5a106041f7.png"},{"id":93264180,"identity":"161ba780-0007-40aa-af8a-894614ccd688","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":35,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":91155,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage17.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/10b8b14d6e616ecc0d5f4444.png"},{"id":93264183,"identity":"bf6f3fb4-9516-4d94-a875-3d456483cf7f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":36,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3995,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage18.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/ddec966dd21b5a6235824573.png"},{"id":93264177,"identity":"46559528-e231-47a5-8c3f-e06a9b8cbb77","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":37,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4863,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage19.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/8073b26139242b19aabad818.png"},{"id":93264184,"identity":"882783a4-a071-49c8-a1c3-6609971a1329","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":38,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3262,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/7416775a2c4caf0c87751fa0.png"},{"id":93375544,"identity":"3d227449-d067-4f06-8b86-1a3758cf55c8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":39,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":33832,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage20.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/f6b3377c4abf714b3dd6d834.png"},{"id":93264199,"identity":"cd2458c4-e05c-47d8-be48-0dadbec7b41f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":40,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8139,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage21.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/5cf8ceac04092ecb81c71880.png"},{"id":93264189,"identity":"56dbccc0-70c5-4871-aa69-a6fe563de1c8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":41,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":49969,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage22.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/586866c6ac6dbb1ae4789908.png"},{"id":93264196,"identity":"15d7ef06-4566-412a-8a8e-7dd795eed10c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":42,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8908,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage23.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/35bb290d096e73f5c8c0da2e.png"},{"id":93375527,"identity":"68a040c1-d6e1-462d-a0f9-e91ba101602b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:09:55","extension":"png","order_by":43,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":5983,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage24.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/7fbcc3c5634b73390dc06651.png"},{"id":93264191,"identity":"1daebfcc-4aa7-40a4-93f6-4c1b3dedb051","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":44,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10689,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/28878aba7a7c5df0b46310fe.png"},{"id":93264202,"identity":"f28a0300-4719-4339-b8fa-f653ecd80e9d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":45,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":35292,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/c8d4c5087b89dba1b6128d97.png"},{"id":93264181,"identity":"8939f0c7-6ebe-418d-8da8-2cac8344420a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":46,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":29432,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/efd380c53f19ea28f62d7449.png"},{"id":93264200,"identity":"0db2d869-5542-423b-99ac-7bcac68225c2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":47,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":23708,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/556a76de63640e175b9eff97.png"},{"id":93264190,"identity":"5a7754a1-56cf-42c8-8683-dca8c6e4f164","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":48,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":20989,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/055e47c181a8541dcbd1a75d.png"},{"id":93264204,"identity":"f8fe9a91-1000-4a4c-b46b-cb64a0342c4f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":49,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14500,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/4605675037c41feed7c8b75e.png"},{"id":93264194,"identity":"3283f3b9-84ba-4a73-a1ea-2458aa183b04","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":50,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1323927,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/5dcfdf765dc45b60eb3b9e52.png"},{"id":93375400,"identity":"6296d47a-88ac-4ad4-960f-d8dbdfad9654","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 08:06:39","extension":"xml","order_by":51,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":72468,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"773b392065b243239284b3cf6561ec3e1structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/448b5ef0687d205a4896bc3e.xml"},{"id":93264201,"identity":"2a531db8-a4a1-4bc8-bb38-32ff257a3972","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-10 19:09:59","extension":"html","order_by":52,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":81408,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1/21bdc743a7ef0c9a4179d8df.html"},{"id":102235574,"identity":"9efa1972-6c1d-4882-8cff-7a78c2fd503b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-09 16:16:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1047810,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PaperRamlalRDDesaiDiengLTUTEiffel.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7656184/v1_covered_ebd37159-7b8f-48f7-bd0a-66a7622b2ff9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Prediction of the torsional stiffness of a 24 kV marine power cable","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-ocean-engineering-and-marine-energy","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oeme","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy](http://link.springer.com/journal/40722)","snPcode":"40722","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40722/3","title":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Torsion, Dynamic Power Cable, Axisymmetric loading, Torsion-traction coupling, Finite Element Method","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7656184/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7656184/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis paper presents a numerical approach based on a simplified, scaled-down finite element (FE) model to predict the dynamic torsional behavior of a 24 kV dynamic power cable (DPC), since torsion-induced FE models are underrepresented in the current literature. The study focuses on estimating the torsional stiffness of the cable, a key mechanical property during early design stages. The FE model is developed using ABAQUS 2025 and calibrated through experimental torsion and traction tests performed at Universit\u0026eacute; Gustave Eiffel in Bouguenais, France. The numerical domain is reduced to a representative section of the cable, enabling efficient modeling while preserving the essential mechanical interactions. To validate the model, simulation results are compared with both experimental data and an analytical axial stress calculation based on the equations developed by Witz and Tan (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1992\u003c/span\u003e). The results show strong agreement across all approaches, demonstrating the model\u0026rsquo;s reliability in capturing the linear torsional response of the DPC. This work confirms that a simplified FE model can serve as an effective predictive tool for torsional stiffness in the initial phases of offshore cable design.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Prediction of the torsional stiffness of a 24 kV marine power cable","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-10 19:09:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7656184/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-10-22T01:17:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-16T04:31:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"218251753874306996110362243132007580324","date":"2025-10-09T06:08:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-08T10:05:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"78725302318383729353432143059105998923","date":"2025-09-29T08:16:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-29T08:05:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-22T09:22:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-22T09:21:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy","date":"2025-09-19T08:17:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-ocean-engineering-and-marine-energy","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oeme","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy](http://link.springer.com/journal/40722)","snPcode":"40722","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40722/3","title":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cab85365-c3f8-4473-bc77-81ea9e818fbd","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 10th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-09T16:14:11+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7656184","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-026-00467-4","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-ocean-engineering-and-marine-energy","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy"},"publishedOn":"2026-02-03 15:57:29","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 3rd, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-10 19:09:53","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s40722-026-00467-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-026-00467-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7656184","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7656184","identity":"rs-7656184","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}