An experimental study on the failure behaviors of hybrid supercapacitors under overdischarge conditions

An experimental study on the failure behaviors of hybrid supercapacitors under overdischarge conditions | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article An experimental study on the failure behaviors of hybrid supercapacitors under overdischarge conditions Mingxia Wu, Shengnan Xie, Chongyang Yang, Xin Xue, Heshun Li, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3233584/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) have higher energy density which can meet more working conditions. However, the improved energy density also brings safety hazards. Thereinto, overdischarge is a common abuse situation that can lead to performance degradation and safety issues. Herein, we fabricated a large-format pouch cell HSC with a composite cathode including activated carbon (AC) and lithium nickel cobalt manganate oxide (NCM), hard carbon (HC) anode, and ceramic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven separator. The failure behaviors of cyclic overdischarge and external short circuit were compared, and it is found that the performance failure of HSCs caused by external short circuit is more serious than cyclic overdischarge. After 250 cycles of discharge at 0 V and 0.5 V, copper (Cu) was found on both the anode and separator, but not found at the voltage of 1.0V, 1.5V and 2.0V after 500 cycles. After external short circuit for 24 h, the electrochemical performance decreased significantly, and the energy decayed to less than 80%. 5.62 wt% Cu was found on the anode after charge and discharge once. The gas composition after external short circuit is mainly methane (CH 4 ) and ethylene (C 2 H 4 ). Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) overdischarge cyclic overdischarge external short-circuit Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 13 Aug, 2023 Submission checks completed at journal 06 Aug, 2023 Editor assigned by journal 06 Aug, 2023 First submitted to journal 04 Aug, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3233584","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":224443515,"identity":"67c4c3a7-231c-49fb-94ae-9db2bf3a77c2","order_by":0,"name":"Mingxia Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Science College , Shanghai University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mingxia","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":224443517,"identity":"ea50553f-98a8-49ee-9c45-0d92b7eff998","order_by":1,"name":"Shengnan Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Engineering Research Center for Supercapacitor for Vechicles, Shanghai Aowei Technology Development Co. 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However, the improved energy density also brings safety hazards. Thereinto, overdischarge is a common abuse situation that can lead to performance degradation and safety issues. Herein, we fabricated a large-format pouch cell HSC with a composite cathode including activated carbon (AC) and lithium nickel cobalt manganate oxide (NCM), hard carbon (HC) anode, and ceramic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven separator. The failure behaviors of cyclic overdischarge and external short circuit were compared, and it is found that the performance failure of HSCs caused by external short circuit is more serious than cyclic overdischarge. After 250 cycles of discharge at 0 V and 0.5 V, copper (Cu) was found on both the anode and separator, but not found at the voltage of 1.0V, 1.5V and 2.0V after 500 cycles. After external short circuit for 24 h, the electrochemical performance decreased significantly, and the energy decayed to less than 80%. 5.62 wt% Cu was found on the anode after charge and discharge once. 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