Experimental and Computational Study on the Influence of Recoater Geometry, Recoating Speed, and Layer Thickness on Recoater Collision

preprint OA: closed
Full text JSON View at publisher

Abstract

Abstract Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) was used as a cost-effective, sustainable alternative to conventional subtractive methods. In this study, a finite element model was developed to investigate the effects of recoater geometry, recoating speed, and layer thickness on the mechanical performance of printed parts. The model incorporated a temperature-dependent elastic–plastic material law. Two blade types were were tested experimentally: a compliant rubber blade and a rigid ceramic blade. The experimental findings were used in the simulation as a print-failure criterion. The results validated the fixture-based measurements, demonstrating that the compliant blade did not impose significant mechanical stress on the printed part, even when the gap beneath the blade was fully closed. It was found that increasing the cooling time before depositing a new layer reduced the likelihood of build failure due to collisions between the sample and the recoater blade.
Full text 42,569 characters · extracted from preprint-html · click to expand
Experimental and Computational Study on the Influence of Recoater Geometry, Recoating Speed, and Layer Thickness on Recoater Collision | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Experimental and Computational Study on the Influence of Recoater Geometry, Recoating Speed, and Layer Thickness on Recoater Collision Radek Skácelík, Václav Vrzal, Miroslav Španiel, Michal Bartošák This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8723245/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) was used as a cost-effective, sustainable alternative to conventional subtractive methods. In this study, a finite element model was developed to investigate the effects of recoater geometry, recoating speed, and layer thickness on the mechanical performance of printed parts. The model incorporated a temperature-dependent elastic–plastic material law. Two blade types were were tested experimentally: a compliant rubber blade and a rigid ceramic blade. The experimental findings were used in the simulation as a print-failure criterion. The results validated the fixture-based measurements, demonstrating that the compliant blade did not impose significant mechanical stress on the printed part, even when the gap beneath the blade was fully closed. It was found that increasing the cooling time before depositing a new layer reduced the likelihood of build failure due to collisions between the sample and the recoater blade. Finite element method Laser powder bed fusion Recoater Additive manufacturing Full Text Supplementary Files 3x3.png D12.png D24.png D6.png E90.png L.png T24.png T48.png T6.png bar.png grafrelax.png grafresponse.png guma2.png gumaBrit.png gumaPred.jpg gumaTisk.jpg gumaZad.jpg keramickyBrit.png manuscript.tex mesh.png normalPredek.jpg normalZadek.jpg optPredek.jpg optZadek.jpg otlak.jpg platformaUsporadani.png porovnanihodnot.png porovnanihodnot2.png porovnanihodnotTepEnd.png porovnanihodnotTepMax.png porovnanit6T24T4810.png porovnanit6T24T4812.5.png porovnanit6T24T4815.png porovnanit6T24T4817.5.png porovnanit6T24T4820.png porovnanit6d6E9010.png porovnanit6d6E9012.5.png porovnanit6d6E9015.png porovnanit6d6E9017.5.png porovnanit6d6E9020.png porovnanit6d6E905.png porovnanit6t24t485.png prasek.png predniStrana15.jpg pripravek.jpg riskOld.png riskUpraveny.png rozptyl3x3.png rozptylE90.png rozptylT24.png rozptylT48.png rozptyld12.png rozptyld24222.png rozptyld6.png rozptylt6.png rychlostguma.png rychlostkeramika.png schema.png schemashake.png snapacite.bst snaps.bst snbasic.bst snbibliography.bib snchicago.bst snjnl.cls snmathphysay.bst snmathphysnum.bst snnature.bst snvancouveray.bst snvancouvernum.bst teplotyNew.png teplotyOld.png vystouple.jpg zadniStrana15.jpg Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major Revisions Needed 09 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 02 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 30 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8723245","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":589838703,"identity":"4c4c8cc0-0aaf-4960-9981-cccae72bd43e","order_by":0,"name":"Radek Skácelík","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Radek","middleName":"","lastName":"Skácelík","suffix":""},{"id":589838704,"identity":"7e726596-5c16-4269-bb0b-595643ff0da0","order_by":1,"name":"Václav Vrzal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Václav","middleName":"","lastName":"Vrzal","suffix":""},{"id":589838705,"identity":"a1f52cfe-e8c8-4866-9e06-33252658e345","order_by":2,"name":"Miroslav Španiel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Miroslav","middleName":"","lastName":"Španiel","suffix":""},{"id":589838706,"identity":"134088bc-bfd7-4833-804f-96107157211a","order_by":3,"name":"Michal Bartošák","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABD0lEQVRIie3QsUrDQBjA8S8cnMuFW78QiU8gXDioiw9zodAubREKksEhIMTl0FkcfAXfwCsBp9C+glk6OVQEyVDEpGZQ6EVHh/tv33E/ju8AXK7/GAEKcAaqG1V0kP2JiJaQHZHM7M5FH/pJEv0bOb4i6+dawIzfrRZVfTEaa268Nz/fAr8xe8mgoCexFjDH5ZBI9jSZalQk9HMBaGyEUWQCkqwkNASaTh8RqHfbEOFlVhJsG3LfkKD+SMeMm46Q/bu0JGxfeWgI+vlEMVAUXltCbYQOwkOB87gkUvrXo1hjcombpWRYWsiqWAcv6eksKr2qqt+HR4wXi406jyLbj3Xh9+FrbdZ33+VyuVz9fQKaR08cPMCM6wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0497-641X","institution":"Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Mechanical Engineering: Ceske Vysoke Uceni Technicke v Praze Fakulta strojni","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Michal","middleName":"","lastName":"Bartošák","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-28 16:11:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8723245/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8723245/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":103509048,"identity":"f5ecca7b-ebf6-40f5-a1f2-b82d63bce971","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-26 13:56:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":13252700,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1_covered_41007f4f-6366-4b6c-81eb-b636e2c54153.pdf"},{"id":102962589,"identity":"4641e7c3-d486-4f27-845f-a1b7fa75a0c8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:09:57","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":11437,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"3x3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/73bb23bebfb4432ae2f5c799.png"},{"id":102812680,"identity":"c96d75d7-753b-4fb8-a928-0c0a119321cd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:15","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":18401,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"D12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/2fb5361d905cdca818828752.png"},{"id":102812683,"identity":"ade05f14-2dd2-4fa1-b3ec-2beb7e00246d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:16","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":26403,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"D24.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/d0f8809f935dbb5ed4a04975.png"},{"id":102963456,"identity":"0053cb92-f999-45d5-8337-01ca82d1156b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:18:00","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":12911,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"D6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/8a4f8d788e607e0297d5870f.png"},{"id":102812688,"identity":"74ffb3b9-794e-4733-ae15-44a296d0f6fc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:16","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":13936,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"E90.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/c0bb9c57fa710416a6f90362.png"},{"id":102812681,"identity":"962c9655-465e-4e10-907f-a724645af34a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:15","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":15391,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"L.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/3b9abe85c9b639f167d62ccf.png"},{"id":102963218,"identity":"00d095dc-c14a-466b-8d92-56f2d76b7cac","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:14:33","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":15736,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"T24.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/7890037ecbe237c3a3b658b2.png"},{"id":102962735,"identity":"5d7172bf-4938-4f3c-bffc-5c1f7dc1c2d4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:10:49","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":20454,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"T48.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/66c4e3fe806f2e6784f2bd36.png"},{"id":102963148,"identity":"250ff556-9bc4-44ba-b706-aeb93fbcd546","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:13:52","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":11754,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"T6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/8985d5189d339ecf04088b36.png"},{"id":102812696,"identity":"a644b353-401c-484e-8422-9c81fc8b2cad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:16","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":8668,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"bar.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/e34978fb80267c21eff7186f.png"},{"id":103049703,"identity":"9f6cb5cf-06df-4ebd-a902-e466faeb93cf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-20 07:44:55","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":6725,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"grafrelax.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/448c16dd807f43c1c5a7ab52.png"},{"id":102812682,"identity":"62ee47ad-657d-4f9a-bde0-1d825dcd111f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:16","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":13189,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"grafresponse.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/e0926fa438f7cb44d8661c0e.png"},{"id":102962679,"identity":"47344ee8-af6e-4c66-b0ee-f76d40037ec2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:10:28","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":37517,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"guma2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/94074358087e52f0e90979f8.png"},{"id":102963145,"identity":"3ce12ac1-81df-41e9-a92b-f2905e88010d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:13:52","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":34411,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"gumaBrit.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/f24a2205cee848cca134a527.png"},{"id":102812687,"identity":"2d1f0523-90e1-4d30-a694-16941a237b4b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:16","extension":"jpg","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":226463,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"gumaPred.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/ea73a356802db6fc97905ca0.jpg"},{"id":102962856,"identity":"ae394df3-e2eb-4525-8d6d-261faa584852","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:11:43","extension":"jpg","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":755404,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"gumaTisk.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/b228180c0c84a95c8a7158bc.jpg"},{"id":102962753,"identity":"62c75cbc-35a1-4efb-8db7-9c4be7b3a112","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:10:56","extension":"jpg","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":92151,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"gumaZad.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/f79621a5e3ea0c2f24d20255.jpg"},{"id":102812693,"identity":"f0b92140-67ff-48f5-91d8-307d1ae0f0d3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:16","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":8900,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"keramickyBrit.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/98345ca10c527ded04e407bb.png"},{"id":102963432,"identity":"fba67b00-e3be-469d-9ac6-773d4240757a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:17:58","extension":"tex","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":78966,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.tex","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/34b929bbe04e2ae8c141bf3f.tex"},{"id":102963142,"identity":"ebaea0b4-504d-441d-9b25-9d863bdc423a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:13:50","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":281713,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"mesh.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/c9a2a0d17c94ba292ca7d2c8.png"},{"id":102962822,"identity":"b70678db-0737-4aeb-b23f-dc1361238aa2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:11:32","extension":"jpg","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1852306,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"normalPredek.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/3b80f33f396223480d7b5c08.jpg"},{"id":102812703,"identity":"42bf6be7-b384-4767-a865-7a38f60cc15c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:16","extension":"jpg","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":2372856,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"normalZadek.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/eacb13bbc09c1649658f1cca.jpg"},{"id":102962904,"identity":"4ad209cc-debc-44ee-be93-0e3c12e2bf1d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:12:04","extension":"jpg","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1212590,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"optPredek.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/049aa12488c0631a2c78519e.jpg"},{"id":102962677,"identity":"338e2158-18e1-448f-bf95-aed2c0c8ab91","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:10:28","extension":"jpg","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":900332,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"optZadek.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/e616a30cda2c799497202f19.jpg"},{"id":102812705,"identity":"a58ab1e1-08d4-4255-81da-4bf486768cc8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:17","extension":"jpg","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":577448,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"otlak.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/136fb6c2f236eb30840cfde7.jpg"},{"id":102812708,"identity":"c6611571-1a76-44fe-b6fb-0d2cde28d26d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:17","extension":"png","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":101258,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"platformaUsporadani.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/088967bd213e633a7249c75d.png"},{"id":102962477,"identity":"cfc02b6c-e18b-4c3c-ab98-7ab876f16fcf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:09:11","extension":"png","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":92773,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanihodnot.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/c7898d2a773901fa4d0afd00.png"},{"id":102812709,"identity":"a9f0401f-00ef-4ae1-a84d-42cd3209ea2a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:17","extension":"png","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":95297,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanihodnot2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/a851096144617578d99264db.png"},{"id":102812699,"identity":"0f844ee7-e079-4b29-a399-0ce82eb28c87","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:16","extension":"png","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":77650,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanihodnotTepEnd.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/5d7974a936e60e9567883661.png"},{"id":102812700,"identity":"f77c7a66-575c-474c-b3c2-0782a630cf59","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:16","extension":"png","order_by":35,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":74450,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanihodnotTepMax.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/0fb8467d20631d0e3ccd93a2.png"},{"id":102962903,"identity":"92304c2b-9cc2-4421-bc6c-cf19c4dceee7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:12:04","extension":"png","order_by":36,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":5666,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanit6T24T4810.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/d6d096174897107e386c6d4e.png"},{"id":102812714,"identity":"71f3b6b6-c518-4a2c-b219-e4ff4884c27e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:17","extension":"png","order_by":37,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":6330,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanit6T24T4812.5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/2f27002a5c35358c768d6da0.png"},{"id":102962823,"identity":"f7c396f3-87b0-4f91-9fd5-e9e6f60080a0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:11:32","extension":"png","order_by":38,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":5596,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanit6T24T4815.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/824c82df7befce2eff8ab1e6.png"},{"id":103056474,"identity":"b9dc87f8-b074-496b-90cb-f7214f246f7b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-20 09:11:31","extension":"png","order_by":39,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":7264,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanit6T24T4817.5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/fb4b086527638ee157f4d719.png"},{"id":102963270,"identity":"d5205a94-a5d0-4e79-afdd-58dedb7bb6a3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:14:59","extension":"png","order_by":40,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":5531,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanit6T24T4820.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/3c163c5a2d66e726b16ea7a6.png"},{"id":103504034,"identity":"fbf5db25-2506-4bfe-a87e-c9db1523860f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-26 13:10:10","extension":"png","order_by":41,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":5340,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanit6d6E9010.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/df42c283bb0b402dd38a6075.png"},{"id":102962700,"identity":"0b17cbeb-2b14-4b91-b9d9-06994ba467ae","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:10:41","extension":"png","order_by":42,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":7006,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanit6d6E9012.5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/4f9d3c5de7e81781f39eda33.png"},{"id":102812717,"identity":"453ce4d9-27d4-4371-9d2a-e75f473cd627","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:17","extension":"png","order_by":43,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":6707,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanit6d6E9015.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/50ddee48f7828a663730cba5.png"},{"id":102963406,"identity":"52a785cd-6a30-4af9-8571-4e6508374e29","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:17:42","extension":"png","order_by":44,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":6020,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanit6d6E9017.5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/ff03972146bc435b9d6b9982.png"},{"id":102962481,"identity":"44c3725f-1892-48f6-9c79-af149f5dc4d8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:09:15","extension":"png","order_by":45,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":6634,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanit6d6E9020.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/2e51d4907112274f1a8b224f.png"},{"id":102963125,"identity":"a98bb017-90bb-4633-838a-9705b1b731aa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:13:41","extension":"png","order_by":46,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":6644,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanit6d6E905.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/b7dd745d9862d2b53fb569c5.png"},{"id":103049442,"identity":"358bd254-d745-424d-a496-0cd0e0f29c1e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-20 07:41:17","extension":"png","order_by":47,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":6480,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"porovnanit6t24t485.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/b7bcfa9d36b7ea3ae7930e50.png"},{"id":102963114,"identity":"23fb712e-44d7-4733-b28b-9e687ceb3c97","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:13:35","extension":"png","order_by":48,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":610517,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"prasek.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/68f3f83370a345b387c3b97b.png"},{"id":102812720,"identity":"9334be5c-58dd-4ee1-bac3-d9b38f16f399","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:17","extension":"jpg","order_by":49,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":638764,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"predniStrana15.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/c09660f6fff471ba5ff21eb2.jpg"},{"id":102962777,"identity":"8ba13e03-a011-4917-b8c3-04008c8c1d09","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:11:11","extension":"jpg","order_by":50,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":942708,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"pripravek.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/6a4e518440b7614e84719820.jpg"},{"id":102812724,"identity":"13359696-5a3f-464c-826e-bbfed23f1315","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:17","extension":"png","order_by":51,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":38931,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"riskOld.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/d351124e4e10684fcef8d259.png"},{"id":102963000,"identity":"96d54788-0dcf-45b2-bdee-5c7ac0ff3d12","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:12:43","extension":"png","order_by":52,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":33327,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"riskUpraveny.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/e2c2ea959d3c3de4133e6e24.png"},{"id":102812710,"identity":"47b79a61-a36a-4dae-a128-cf785e8d8ca2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:17","extension":"png","order_by":53,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":12793,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rozptyl3x3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/30530013e492757391850fb1.png"},{"id":102812728,"identity":"0ba96e29-188a-4c7a-8775-791140f9109d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:18","extension":"png","order_by":54,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":13390,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rozptylE90.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/5f1fcb104fa6af333bb04b6a.png"},{"id":102963269,"identity":"d1ce6694-a39f-4bf5-a03d-7e7f5ef36fef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:14:59","extension":"png","order_by":55,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":13063,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rozptylT24.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/6f3b11fb8d399834108fe7f0.png"},{"id":102962478,"identity":"b70c1e1c-ef4a-4ee3-b2ec-db4e760fcd56","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:09:11","extension":"png","order_by":56,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":11425,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rozptylT48.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/966bdcc61c493010cecdc6b9.png"},{"id":102962836,"identity":"3360a938-5788-49fb-a2f3-39e509cdc697","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:11:36","extension":"png","order_by":57,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":12214,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rozptyld12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/08a9f1176bb0cc3a4f46ebdb.png"},{"id":103056441,"identity":"51f1d41e-c97d-4aec-acad-3f31b2ca15c5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-20 09:10:30","extension":"png","order_by":58,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":13918,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rozptyld24222.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/ca6857603313673246471dc7.png"},{"id":103049739,"identity":"5f5e993d-652b-4a58-9a34-519e763f0be4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-20 07:45:21","extension":"png","order_by":59,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":11985,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rozptyld6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/660826fe07d94e1a1d93bfdf.png"},{"id":102962504,"identity":"8076c047-c9d5-4553-80fe-6917f5567879","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:09:30","extension":"png","order_by":60,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":12416,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rozptylt6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/b672983f5b9289aa928f7f92.png"},{"id":102812716,"identity":"2372f249-030c-406d-9a29-11706f8e358e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:17","extension":"png","order_by":61,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":44055,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rychlostguma.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/e711eafb1ed7e06c406d2be0.png"},{"id":102962826,"identity":"03f9d3f7-2b98-4b94-841a-8c315003c716","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:11:32","extension":"png","order_by":62,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":41247,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rychlostkeramika.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/d30317de1405b6d83ad1ee66.png"},{"id":102963431,"identity":"1642635f-d803-494a-b9bf-0a9ebec2721b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:17:58","extension":"png","order_by":63,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":88505,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"schema.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/79005ac00c1f41a2379eb2a4.png"},{"id":102962943,"identity":"436506d4-75bf-4bd2-9d08-92c181ee13ca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:12:15","extension":"png","order_by":64,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":351154,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"schemashake.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/a8f9ad9fe9ff3909a64c0502.png"},{"id":102963271,"identity":"d3859afd-8b64-4eba-b325-320a344a6799","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:15:00","extension":"bst","order_by":65,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":146013,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snapacite.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/273c3b632cc0cf026ef0cfc2.bst"},{"id":102962945,"identity":"91a9b3b3-360e-4c56-96ec-f28593748832","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:12:16","extension":"bst","order_by":66,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":29828,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snaps.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/7e50c0b4c3895d63e626bfec.bst"},{"id":102963253,"identity":"50198965-a0e8-4a34-8737-4c79a62a929f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:14:50","extension":"bst","order_by":67,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":35515,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snbasic.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/e6761271611a8405172a20dc.bst"},{"id":103049249,"identity":"edaa07f9-09ee-412b-95c0-91930db3205a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-20 07:38:57","extension":"bib","order_by":68,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":138255,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snbibliography.bib","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/b53eb1d40ce46b27a7b65610.bib"},{"id":102812718,"identity":"2afafb63-3e6a-4a38-bf10-8f669744fa33","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:17","extension":"bst","order_by":69,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":33968,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snchicago.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/f9885b31eb7ad0fc54597f30.bst"},{"id":102812726,"identity":"03a2a99d-37de-4532-91a6-379aae9e1ae7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:18","extension":"cls","order_by":70,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":55857,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snjnl.cls","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/d8cd5391ff63db34f90d66ba.cls"},{"id":102962885,"identity":"f24d25b2-e0c2-4e25-884c-20a0a3ac8ea5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:11:56","extension":"bst","order_by":71,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":64023,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snmathphysay.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/b8074dee3aa81adf8b4d469b.bst"},{"id":102812711,"identity":"06e7b5cd-669e-4b79-b1ae-f9f55c786b13","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:17","extension":"bst","order_by":72,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":64166,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snmathphysnum.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/112bcce0dec3b287ae0205f3.bst"},{"id":102812701,"identity":"924a03fa-82dc-4b8e-95f3-f2b0c137fe87","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-17 04:32:16","extension":"bst","order_by":73,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":37333,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snnature.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/be306d9b154e2012d467c6b3.bst"},{"id":103056414,"identity":"7e4d7a4f-4bb4-45ba-9c02-9af853412280","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-20 09:09:48","extension":"bst","order_by":74,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":39951,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snvancouveray.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/a99a5ee12283a863a4af22b2.bst"},{"id":102962509,"identity":"d9b369c1-5abb-4d63-9a25-c8cbff29b0b3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:09:32","extension":"bst","order_by":75,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":40758,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"snvancouvernum.bst","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/1a6cc1fb9ad6155174ceb9f2.bst"},{"id":102962814,"identity":"ce294b6b-80e8-4973-9273-2cab0591fcc5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:11:24","extension":"png","order_by":76,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":23894,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"teplotyNew.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/681134900c7923d12325724c.png"},{"id":102962942,"identity":"4740d002-8070-43ed-8634-c71e6f42e8db","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:12:15","extension":"png","order_by":77,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":11301,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"teplotyOld.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/874cfb0de6b8449d8ceb8b82.png"},{"id":102965011,"identity":"82b8e5ef-dd4f-4ad6-941f-e12cbe125cbc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:29:52","extension":"jpg","order_by":78,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":259807,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"vystouple.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/1b344ff6368cd46f0aea540b.jpg"},{"id":102963001,"identity":"5755a144-3bc2-4d21-abc0-37a01cc79b44","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 04:12:43","extension":"jpg","order_by":79,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1147455,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"zadniStrana15.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8723245/v1/6f42e1e058db97a626597239.jpg"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Experimental and Computational Study on the Influence of Recoater Geometry, Recoating Speed, and Layer Thickness on Recoater Collision","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"the-international-journal-of-advanced-manufacturing-technology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jamt","sideBox":"Learn more about [The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology](https://www.springer.com/journal/170)","snPcode":"170","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/170/3","title":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Finite element method, Laser powder bed fusion, Recoater, Additive manufacturing","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8723245/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8723245/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) was used as a cost-effective, sustainable alternative to conventional subtractive methods. In this study, a finite element model was developed to investigate the effects of recoater geometry, recoating speed, and layer thickness on the mechanical performance of printed parts. The model incorporated a temperature-dependent elastic–plastic material law. Two blade types were were tested experimentally: a compliant rubber blade and a rigid ceramic blade. The experimental findings were used in the simulation as a print-failure criterion. The results validated the fixture-based measurements, demonstrating that the compliant blade did not impose significant mechanical stress on the printed part, even when the gap beneath the blade was fully closed. It was found that increasing the cooling time before depositing a new layer reduced the likelihood of build failure due to collisions between the sample and the recoater blade.","manuscriptTitle":"Experimental and Computational Study on the Influence of Recoater Geometry, Recoating Speed, and Layer Thickness on Recoater Collision","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-17 04:32:10","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8723245/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major Revisions Needed","date":"2026-04-09T14:30:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2026-02-13T09:59:28+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-11T19:45:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-02-02T16:24:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","date":"2026-01-30T07:20:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"the-international-journal-of-advanced-manufacturing-technology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jamt","sideBox":"Learn more about [The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology](https://www.springer.com/journal/170)","snPcode":"170","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/170/3","title":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"110c7801-b4bf-48cf-af51-a93758e890a3","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 17th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-18T17:15:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-17 04:32:10","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8723245","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8723245","identity":"rs-8723245","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: preprint-html

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. This is a recent paper (2026) — citers typically take a year or two to land, and the OpenAlex reference graph may still be filling in.

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-05-20T01:45:00.602351+00:00