Smoking, erectile dysfunction, and its extended psychobiology

Increasing cigarette smoking has been observed in males as a sign of being macho and manly. However, the reality is contrastingly unfortunate as tobacco smoking has an adverse influence on male sexual health causing mild-to-severe grades of impotence or erectile dysfunction (ED) with associated psychological issues, together these are termed here as the tobacco-penis syndrome (TPS). This brief review details the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and molecular basis of ED in smokers. It also discusses the consequential psychological aspects beyond the TPS. The article aims to generate awareness among men with elaborated scientific pieces of evidence in a concise manner.