Association of cyclooxygenase-2 genetic polymorphism with gastric cancer in eastern Indian population

The Gastric cancer (GC) is the problem seen more frequently in tropical countries. The expressivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inherent individual susceptibility to oncogenicity are due to over-expression of and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The present experimental case-control study aims to evaluate the role of over-expression of COX-2 polymorphisms in the development of gastric cancer (GC) in the region at Eastern India. The genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood samples of 124 GC patients and 176 controls attending the hospital, during February 2017 to December 2020. GC with or without infection of halophile, Helicobacter pylori was diagnosed by the histo-pathological assessment. DNA was isolated of GC-cases and controls by the salting-out method. Three SNPs of COX-2 gene such as, -1195GA, -765GC, and − 1290AG were arbitrarily chosen to identify the genetic polymorphisms. Genotypes were analyzed by undertaking ‘polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism’ (PCR-RFLP). A total of 124 GC cases with 176 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. A fraction of 10.5% cases had GG homozygous mutation alleles at -1195GA, while the 5% fraction had GG homozygous mutant alleles at -765GC, and an 8.9% fraction had GG homozygous mutant alleles at -1290AG, amongst all the GC cases. COX-2 polymorphisms were crucially associated with the risk of development of GC, compared to controls with p  = 0.003, both in 1195 GA and 1290AG. COX-2 polymorphisms could play a crucial role in the development of GC in the coastal Eastern Indian region.