Dynamic Modelling of Energy Losses in Stepped Spillways

Stepped spillways are engineered structures designed to mitigate the erosive effects of floodwaters on downstream riverbeds. Despite extensive research on spillways with slopes exceeding 26.6°, there is a notable gap in understanding energy loss mechanisms for slopes between 3.4° and 26.6°. This study aims to develop predictive models for energy dissipation in stepped spillways within this slope range, eliminating the need for complex friction factor calculations. Experimental data from air-water flow experiments on a large-scale stepped spillway facility inform the development of these models. The proposed models demonstrate strong correlation with experimental data (R = 0.79 - 0.99), offering a simplified and accurate approach to estimating energy losses.