Gauge-field-induced duality group in metamaterials

Gauge-field-induced duality group in metamaterials | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Gauge-field-induced duality group in metamaterials Zhen Gao, Yan Meng, Hong-yu Zou, Naifu Zheng, Linyun Yang, Ruo-Yang Zhang, and 13 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7593980/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Dualities are mathematical mappings that establish counterintuitive connections between two seemingly unrelated physical systems, enabling the simplification and reinterpretation of complex systems via duality transformations. Recent breakthroughs have revealed that dualities can enhance the symmetries of a Hamiltonian and facilitate the design of metamaterials with unprecedented properties that transcend conventional space group theory. However, prior studies on dualities have been predominantly limited to one-to-one mappings isomorphic to a Z_2 group, and the self-duality occurs only at a single point where the lattice maps onto itself under a duality transformation. Here, we extend the duality framework by incorporating gauge field degrees of freedom that modify symmetry representations in metamaterials, thereby constructing richer duality groups, Z_2⊗Z_2 in two-dimensional (2D) systems and ⊗┬6 Z_2 in three-dimensional (3D) systems. We theoretically establish and experimentally validate that such gauge-field-induced duality groups can link multiple distinct metamaterials across different symmetry classifications, while sharing the same band structures. More interestingly, in 3D systems, the introduction of gauge fields promotes the self-duality from a single point to an entire set, resulting in fourfold degeneracies across the entire Brillouin zone and supporting an emergent eightfold-degenerate double Dirac point. Our work expands the research frontier of duality and deepens the understanding of hidden symmetries and band degeneracies in complex physical systems. Physical sciences/Physics/Applied physics/Acoustics Physical sciences/Physics/Condensed-matter physics/Spintronics Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files Dualityevolutionwithredfont.gif Evolution of band structures as the coupling strength varies SupplementaryMaterials.pdf Supplemental Materials for “Gauge-field-induced duality group in metamaterials” Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7593980","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":515363313,"identity":"d430e433-6f4f-40ee-a2a8-9a16b954bee8","order_by":0,"name":"Zhen 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